1 Prof. Dr. D. A. Aznar Jim Prof. Dr. D. A. Aznar Jimé nez nez Prof. Dr. D. JC Cabanelas Valcarcel Prof. Dr. D. JC Cabanelas Valcarcel Prof. Dra. Berta Herrero Prof. Dra. Berta Herrero Ayestar Ayestarán Dpto. C. e I. Materiales e I.Qu Dpto. C. e I. Materiales e I.Quí mica mica UNIVERSIDAD CARLOS III DE MADRID UNIVERSIDAD CARLOS III DE MADRID SLUDGE TREATMENT AND GAS LINE Sludge is removed from the primary and secondary treatments. After removal, sludge is dehydrated and must be disposed of by an authorised company. The final used of sludge depends on the chemical and biological contents, as happens with waste in general. Waste produced is classified as: -Toxic and Dangerous Hazardous Waste (corresponding to Residuos Tóxicos y Peligrosos – RPTs). -Municipal Solid Waste and Non-Hazardous Waste (corresponding to Residuos Sólidos Urbanos - RSUs). Usually sludge is classified as Hazardous Waste.
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Prof. Dr. D. A. Aznar JimProf. Dr. D. A. Aznar JimééneznezProf. Dr. D. JC Cabanelas ValcarcelProf. Dr. D. JC Cabanelas ValcarcelProf. Dra. Berta Herrero Prof. Dra. Berta Herrero AyestarAyestaráánnDpto. C. e I. Materiales e I.QuDpto. C. e I. Materiales e I.Quíímicamica
UNIVERSIDAD CARLOS III DE MADRIDUNIVERSIDAD CARLOS III DE MADRID
SLUDGE TREATMENT AND
GAS LINE
Sludge is removed from the primary and secondary treatments. After removal, sludge is dehydrated and must be disposed of by an authorised company. The final used of sludge depends on the chemical and biological contents, as happens with waste in general.
Waste produced is classified as:
-Toxic and Dangerous Hazardous Waste (corresponding to ResiduosTóxicos y Peligrosos – RPTs).
-Municipal Solid Waste and Non-Hazardous Waste (corresponding to Residuos Sólidos Urbanos - RSUs).
Usually sludge is classified as Hazardous Waste.
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Water line
Sludge line
Gas line
Pretreatment
Primary treatment
Secondary treatment
TREATMENT PLANT OVERVIEW
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TREATMENT PLANT
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Sludge treatment
Thickening
Stabilization/ digestion
Dehydration
Final disposal
Thickener (10-15%)
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Drying beds (40-45%)
Band filters (35-40%)
Vacuum filter (20-30%)
Press filter (60-70%)
Centrifuge (20-30%)
Driers (80-90%)
Landfill
Incineration
Controlled dumping
Sea discharge
Compost and vitrification
SLUDGE TREATMENT
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SLUDGE THICKENER (FLOTATION)
Sludge from the secondary treatment is also thickened after removal. The mechanism is flotation.
Thickening by sedimentation was performed for sludge produced in the primary treatment (note the different design).
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SLUDGE THICKENER:
REMOVAL
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SLUDGE THICKENER:
BAFFLE
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SLUDGE PUMPS
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GAS LINE: ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS
Anaerobic digesters at the bottom of the image, gasholder in front.
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CnHmOpNrCO2
H2O
NH+4
S=
R-COOH
ACIDOGENESIS(FERMENTATION)
R-COOHCO2
H2O
CH3-COOH
ACETOGENESIS
CH3 -COOHCO2
H2O
CH4
METHANOGENESIS
Symbiosis
ANAEROBIC METABOLIC PROCESS
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reliefvalve
The relief valve on top of the digester prevents an increase of pressure exceeding design values. Some space for the gas is allowed at the top of the dome.
ANAEROBIC DIGESTER:
RELIEF VALVE
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Affluent Effluent
• Closed systems (No O2)
• τr (anaerobic) > τr (aerobic)
• Cm (anaerobic) > Cm (aerobic)
• Te (anaerobic) ≥ Te (aerobic)
• Sludge production ↓
• Biogas production
Gases
HIGH LOAD ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS
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Qsludge (m3/h) =sludge
QSS
SS sludgedigester
24][ =
SSvsludge (kg/d) = 100][· inputvsludgev SSSSSS =
CSSv (kg/m3d) =digester
input
SSv V
SSSSC 100
][·sludger
=
φinner (m)= ( ) ( )12·4· backgfree
digesterinner HH
Vππ
φ+
=
Vdigester (m3) = sludgeresidencedigester QtV ·=
tresidence = 10-30 h Hfree (m) Hbackg (m)
[SSV]input= 40 – 70 % SSV Reduction = 30-60 %
Qsludge (m3/h) SSsludge(kg/d)
DESIGN PARAMETERS OF
A HIGH LOAD ANAEROBIC DIGESTER
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Effluent
Gases
Digested sludge Sludge digestion
Clarified liquid
Affluent
tRH ≈ tRS (30-60 days)
Mass load (Kg COD/m3/d): 0,4-1,6
There are no mixing devices. Small turbulence created by the gas bubbles produced.
Raw liquid enters through the digestion area.
Feeding influent must include anaerobic bacteria (manure).
A foam layer is formed at the surface favored by the ascending gas that carries sludge and floating mat.
Digested sludge and supernatant is periodically purged.
57-85 l/hab sludge 1ry 113-170 l/habsludge 1ry+ active sludge.
Free reactor volume = approx 50% total digester volume.