SLOAN: The Obviousness of Open Policy

Breaking the Iron Triangle “The Obviousness

of Open Policy”Dr. Cable Green

Director of Global [email protected]

g@cgreen

Some things in life are obvious…

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Duh... By: Brian Auer http://www.flickr.com/photos/brianauer/3731836271 CC BY-NC-ND

Giant Reassuring Sign By: Billy V http://www.flickr.com/photos/billyv/352560572CC BY-NC-SA

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Duh By: Susan Batterman http://www.flickr.com/photos/sbatterman/4125761794

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A tower of Hay – Winchester By: neilalderney123 http://www.flickr.com/photos/neilsingapore/6202632783 CC BY-NC

Children Reading Pratham Books and Akshara By Ryan Lobo http://www.flickr.com/photos/prathambooks/3291617463 CC BY

“Nearly one-third of the world’s population (29.3%) is under 15. Today there are 158 million people enrolled in tertiary education1. Projections suggest that that participation will peak at 263 million2 in 2025. Accommodating the additional 105 million students would require more than four major universities (30,000 students) to open every week for the next fifteen years.

1 ISCED levels 5 & 6 UNESCO Institute of Statistics figures2 British Council and IDP Australia projections

By: COL http://www.col.org/SiteCollectionDocuments/JohnDaniel_2008_3x5.jpg

Dreaming Girls Head By: Elfleda http://www.flickr.com/photos/carolinespics/153137487

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Vic: http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4052/4505411171_edb5e277b5.jpg Kathy: http://www.hewlett.org/uploads/images/staff/kathy_2.JPG Barbara: http://www.flickr.com/photos/jrandomf/4506044752/in/set-72157623816205676

Education grant making

MSC_1205 By: USV http://www.flickr.com/photos/unionsquareventures/3339520899

CC BY

By: UNESCO: http://www.moveoneinc.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/UNESCO.jpg

By: OECD: http://www.eifl.net/system/files/201106/oecd_text_20cm_hd_0.jpg

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By: MIT OCW: http://conferences.ocwconsortium.org/2011/cambridge/images/logo-ocwc-decade.jpg

Creative Beauty at Creative Commons By: Kristina Alexandersonhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/kalexanderson/6051120264/

CC BY-SA

OER are teaching, learning, and research

materials in any medium that reside in the public domain or have been

released under an open license that permits their free use and re-purposing

by others.

Connexions MERLOTCK-12OER AfricaOER BrazilOER FoundationOLnetWikipediaMozillaPIRGSOLIUniversities & Community Colleges… and MANY others

BUT … Four Challenges for the Next DecadeCompletion challenge• Middle skill job demand• Stagnant ~40% AA+

attainment levels• Low completion rates

Demographic challenge Increasing diversity Low academic readiness “Non-traditional” new

normal

Funding challenge State budget cuts Limits to student and

family ability to pay and to borrow

Quality challenge Increasing demands from

global economy Questioning what students

are really learning

Attribution: Josh Jarrett, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

75% of students are ‘nontraditional’ -- they meet one of these criteria...

... they’re older

What’s the problem? The world changed

…they're

OLDER

…theyWORK

…they’reCARE-GIVERS

…they live

OFF-CAMPUS

…they’re financially on

THEIR OWN

Attribution: Josh Jarrett, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Source: The Iron Triangle: College Presidents Talk About Costs, Access, and Quality, Public Agenda, October 2008.

“In the view of many college and university presidents, the three main factors in higher education—cost, quality, and access—exist in what we call an iron triangle. These factors are linked in an unbreakable reciprocal relationship, such that any change in one will inevitably impact the others.”

- Public Agenda research on opinions of higher education

presidents

Source: The Iron Triangle: College Presidents Talk About Costs, Access, and Quality, Public Agenda, October 2008.

But institutions haven’t – and “can’t”

The “Iron Triangle” suggests institutions are constrained in their ability to adapt

The Iron Triangle• Three concepts dominate the concerns

presidents: – increasing cost of higher education– challenge of providing access– need to maintain and improve educational quality

• Three missions in tension:– Access up = quality down and/or costs up– Quality up = access down and/or costs up– Costs down = quality down and/or access down

vs.

Rivalrous vs. Non-Rivalrous Resources

OLPC and FOSS@RIT--Education innovation the open source way By: opensourcewayhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/opensourceway/4863541086/sizes/o/in/photostream/

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Cost of “Copy”

For one 250 page book:

• Copy by hand - $1,000

• Copy by print on demand - $4.90

• Copy by computer - $0.00084

CC BY: David Wiley, BYU

Cost of “Distribute”

For one 250 page book:

• Distribute by mail - $5.20• $0 with print-on-demand (2000+ copies)

• Distribute by internet - $0.00072

CC BY: David Wiley, BYU

Copy and Distribute are “Free”

This changes everything

CC BY: David Wiley, BYU

Video

A simple, standardizedway to grant copyright permissions to your creative work.

Easy-to-use, standardized licenses and public

domain tools that allow creators to publish their works on more flexible terms than standard

copyright

“Some rights reserved”

Step 1: Choose Conditions

Attribution

ShareAlike

NonCommercial

NoDerivatives

Step 2: Receive a License

CC0 public domain dedication

Public Domain Mark

most free

least free

3 layers

“human readable” deed

“lawyer readable” license

“machine readable” metadata

<span xmlns:cc=“http://creativecommons.org/ns#” xmlns:dc=http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/”>

<span rel="dc:type" href="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text" property="dc:title">My Photo</span> by <a rel="cc:attributionURL" property="cc:attributionName" href="http://joi.ito.com/my_photo">Joi Ito</a> is licensed under a

<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License</a>.

<span rel="dc:source" href="http://fredbenenson.com/photo/”>Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at <a rel="cc:morePermissions" href="http://ozmo.com/revenue_sharing_agreement">OZMO</a>.

</span></span>

Updated #s (and growing fast)

Over 500 million items

CultureScienceGovernmentEducationMore

72 Creative Commons “Affiliate” Teams

175+ Million CC Licensed Photos on Flickr

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/22240293@N05/3735172478/in/set-72157621681117648 By: Francisco Diez

Higher Ed

Education grant making

Search & Discovery

Translations & Accessibility

Customization & Affordability

By: Eurostat: http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=educ_figdp&lang=en

Global GPD = US $58.3 T x 5% = US $2.915 T / year

How much of that is spent:• creating courseware?• subsidizing or directly purchasing

textbooks?

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Partner with Legislators who care about:

(a) efficient use of national / state

tax dollars; (b) saving students money;

(c) increasing access to education

• Cooperate & share = We all Win– Faculty have new choices when building

learning spaces.– …the more eyes on a problem, the greater

chance for a solution.• Affordability: students can’t afford

textbooks• Self-interest: good things happen

when I share• It’s a social justice issue: everyone

should have the right to access digital knowledge.

Why is “Open” Important?

Dream in Colour By: Vineet Radhakrishnanhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/vineetradhakrishnan/6038259665

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Textbook RFP?1. Higher Education

– Textbooks for top 100 highest enrolled courses (see California)

2. Primary / K-12– Textbooks for US “Common

Core”

Legislative Strategy

English Composition I

• 55,000+ enrollments / year

• x $175 textbook

• = $9.6+ Million every year

English Composition I

• 55,000+ enrollments / year

• x $175 textbook

• = $9.6+ Million every year

Insa

ne

• OpenStax College texts are CC BY and can be adopted and adapted by faculty

• OpenStax College texts meet scope/sequence requirements of course and are professionally developed

• Any format, on any device, at any time and epub/pdf is always free and never expire

• New ecosystem of partners to support the content

http://openstaxcollege.org

NEW HE Models are En Route

Credit: Timothy Valentine & Leo Reynolds CC-BY-NC-SA

The OER university

Adapted from Taylor 2007

Free learning opportunities for all students worldwide

Dec. 2008 / LAUNCH by Minister of EducationGoal: Mainstreaming OER in all educational sectors

Six Activity Areas:Technology, Content, Professionalization,Communities, Research, Communication

2009–2011 / INITIAL IMPLEMENTATIONIntense user evaluation

Many committed stakeholdersGood progress, and … lessons …

2011–2013 / SUSTAINABLE PERSPECTIVEFully utilize user participation

Clearly differentiate between the educational sectorsEstablish ownership with relevant partners in those sectors

BUDGET 2009–2013: € 8,0 millionwww.wikiwijs.nl

National Wikiwijs Program

massive change By: sookie http://www.flickr.com/photos/sookie/31219031

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U.S. House Appropriations Committee draft FY2012 Labor, Health and Human Services funding bill

SEC. 124. None of the funds made available by this Act for the Department of Labor may be used to develop new courses, modules, learning materials, or projects in carrying out education or career job training grant programs unless the Secretary of Labor certifies, after a comprehensive market-based analysis, that such courses, modules, learning materials, or projects are not otherwise available for purchase or licensing in the marketplace or under development for students who require them to participate in such education or career job training grant programs.

http://appropriations.house.gov/UploadedFiles/FY_2012_Final_LHHSE.pdf

U.S. House Appropriations Committee draft FY2012 Labor, Health and Human Services funding bill

SEC. 124. None of the funds made available by this Act for the Department of Labor may be used to develop new courses, modules, learning materials, or projects in carrying out education or career job training grant programs unless the Secretary of Labor certifies, after a comprehensive market-based analysis, that such courses, modules, learning materials, or projects are not otherwise available for purchase or licensing in the marketplace or under development for students who require them to participate in such education or career job training grant programs.

http://appropriations.house.gov/UploadedFiles/FY_2012_Final_LHHSE.pdf

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Stop Online Piracy Act

PROTECT IP Act

Wikipedia Blackout Screen By: Wikimedia Commons CC BY SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikipedia_Blackout_Screen.jpg

H.R. 3699

"No Federal agency may adopt, implement, maintain, continue, or otherwise engage in any policy, program, or other activity that -- (1) causes, permits, or authorizes network dissemination of any private-sector research work without the prior consent of the publisher of such work; or (2) requires that any actual or prospective author, or the employer of such an actual or prospective author, assent to network dissemination of a private-sector research work."

CC BY-NC-ND046: Rule #2: See Rule #1 By: William Couchhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/wcouch/2268610556

Lincoln By: carfull… http://www.flickr.com/photos/carfull/5720220773

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• Efficient use of public funds to increase student success and access to quality educational materials.

• Everything else (including all existing business models) is secondary.

Only ONE thing Matters:

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Open nature By: opensourcewayhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/opensourceway/5537457709

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the opposite of open isn’t “closed”

the opposite of open is “broken”

Dr. Cable GreenDirector of Global Learning

[email protected]: cgreen