SLM-E8Q3M4.pdf - ZNNHS

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

English Quarter 3 – Module 4 Facts and Opinions

Zest for Progress

Zeal of Partnership

8

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________

Name of School: ___________________________

English – Grade 8

Alternative Delivery Mode

Quarter 3 – Module 4: Differentiate facts from opinions

First Edition 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of

the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or

office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for the exploitation of such work for a

profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of

royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,

trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.

Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their

respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership

over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones

Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region IX

Office Address: ____________________________________________

____________________________________________

Telefax: ____________________________________________

E-mail Address: ____________________________________________

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Janice T. Cruz

Editor: Vickylou S. Ferrer

Reviewer: Valeriafides G. Corteza, Ph.D.

Layout Artist: Jovie R. Cruz, MAEd

Management Team:

Roy C. Tuballa, EMD.JD.CESO VI

Jay S. Montealto, CESO VI

Norma T. Francisco, DM

Mildred D. Dayao, Ed.D.

Valeriafides G. Corteza, Ph.D..

Aida Coyme, Ed. D.

Printed in the Philippines Department of Education Region IX – Zamboanga Peninsula

Office Address: Pres. Corazon C. Aquino Regional Government Center, Balintawak, Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur Province 7016

Telefax: (062) 215-3753, 215-3751, 991-1907, 215-3789

E-mail Address: [email protected]

1

What I Need to Know

When you are reading, it is important to be able to distinguish between facts and

opinions.

Written materials such as articles, website information, biographies, and newspapers

often contain facts and opinions. Being able to tell them apart will judge the validity of a

writer’s ideas. Learning to discern what is true from what is false is a critical life skill.

This module is done for you to help distinguish between facts and opinions.

a. Define facts and opinion; and

b. Differentiate facts from opinion.

What I Know

Directions: Look at the images/pictures and read the statements. Write F if it is a fact and

write O if it is an opinion. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Dogs are better than cats. Christmas is on December 25th.

Pandas are the cutest animals.

Apples are sweeter than

bananas.

Source:

https://www.google.com/search?q=pictures+of+dog

s+and+cats&oq=Pictures+of+dogs+and+cats&aqs=c

hrome.0.0i457j0l7.9159j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie

=UTF-8

Source:

https://www.google.com/search?q=christmas+symb

ols&oq=christmas+symbols&aqs=chrome..69i57j0l

7.6476j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

Source:

https://www.google.com/search?q=pandas&sxsrf=A

LeKk00rXDoesihjIkjVAonyMYt2p522vQ:1607843

501508&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ah

UKEwiCzIvms8rtAhUIIIgKHewLAdAQ_AUoAXoECBEQAw&biw=1280&bih=648

Source:

google.com/search?q=pictures+of+apples+and+bananas

&oq=pictures+of+apples+and+bana&aqs=chrome.0.0i4

57j69i57j0i22i30l2.11019j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

2

Lesson

1 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN

FACTS AND OPINIONS

An important part of reading comprehension is determining what a fact is and what an

opinion is. In education, children as young as kindergarten engage in conversation about facts

and opinions.

Instructing young children on the terms and concepts of fact and opinion is a little like

their emerging math skills - begin with the basics and allow for more information to come as

they mature. Fact and opinion as reading and analytic skills necessary for understanding and

mentally processing text. Knowing the difference between fact and opinion helps readers

make sense of information.

What’s In

Directions: Read the short selection and tell which sentences tell fact or opinion. Write your

answer on a separate sheet of paper.

__________ 1. Teodoro Valencia was the park Commissioner In-Charge of Rizal Park.

__________ 2. Rizal Park is the most beautiful park in the world.

__________ 3. It has a spacious playground, smooth-skating rinks, and inviting bicycle

lanes.

__________ 4. Families enjoy a picnic on the clean and thick grass area.

__________ 5. Teenagers watch carps swimming in circular ponds and stroll around on

paths lined with hedges.

__________ 6. The sunset looks pretty in summer when the sun paints the clouds in

gorgeous colors.

__________ 7. Every Sunday afternoon, a concert is presented by a military band.

__________ 8. Sentimental kundimans heard over the sound system of the park.

__________ 9. In summer, people sleep outdoors in the park.

__________ 10. People congratulated Theodoro Valencia for making the park beautiful

and a peaceful place to go to.

He was Theodoro F. Valencia, the park commissioner himself. He was in charge

of Rizal Park and it was he who managed to make the park one of the most beautiful

parks of its kind in the world. He wanted to make children happy. That is why Rizal

Park has playground for children, a skating rink and a bicycle lane. Families have

picnics on the grass under flowering trees and palms. Teenagers sit on the benches or

stroll around the fountains and along the flowering hedges or watch the carp and

goldfish swim gaily in the ponds. A planetarium stands beside a library rich in

magazines and books for young and old. Every Sunday Afternoon a concert is presented

by military bands. You can also hear sentimental kundimans over the sound system of

the park.

Source: https://www.slideshare.net/JenniferMaderazo/identifying-facts-and-opinions-from-a-selection

3

What’s New

Directions: Read the sentences below. Tell whether it is a fact or an opinion. Explain your

answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Ferdinand Marcos is the former president of the Republic of the Philippines.

_________________

Why?________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

2. President Rodrigo Duterte is the best president. __________

Why?________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

What Is It

Fact is verifiable. It is a statement that may be proven to be true because it exists. We can

determine whether it is true by researching the evidence. This may involve numbers, dates,

testimony, etc.

Example:

Coronavirus (COVID 19) is an illness caused by virus that can be spread from person to

person. The virus that causes COVID 19 is a new coronavirus that has spread throughout the

world. As of December 9, 2020 Philippines, has 444,164 cases.

-worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/Philippines

Opinion is a statement that tells what the writer thinks, believes, or feels about a subject. It

cannot be proved true or false. The writer may use words that appeal to the readers emotions.

Example:

Washing hands properly with soap and water remain to be simplest and most consistent way

of preventing the spread of getting infected by the virus.

Remember that a fact is not the opposite of an opinion. They are simply types of statement. If

a fact is untrue or false, it does not turn into an opinion. By the same logic, if an opinion is

believed by everyone, it does not turn into a fact. Opinion cannot be proved; however, they

can be supported with facts and other knowledgeable opinions. Facts can be proved with

evidence, statistics, records, photographs, data and etc. Perhaps most important, facts are not

better than opinions, or vice versa there is no hierarchy. They are simply types of statement,

even though an opinion cannot be proved, opinions are every bit as important as facts.

4

We Are the World

Song Writers/Composers: Michael

Jackson and Lionel Richie

There comes a time

When we heed a certain call

When the world must come together as

one

There are people dying

Oh, and it’s time to lend a hand to life

The greatest gift of all

We can’t go on

Pretending day by day

That someone, somewhere soon make a

change

We are all a part of God’s great big

family

And the truth, you know, love is all we

need

We are the world

We are the children

We are the ones who make a brighter

day, so let’s start giving

There’s a choice we’re making

We’re saving our own lives

It’s true we’ll make a better day, just

you and me.

Oh, send them your heart

So they know that someone cares

And their lives will be stronger and free

As God has shown us by turning stones

to bread

And so we all must lend a helping hand

We are the world

We are the…

What’s More

Directions: Listen to the song entitled “We are the World” in this link

http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3wnuru, or read the lyrics given below and understand the

meaning. Take note of the information given. Then, answer the activities that follow. Write

your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Activity 1

Directions: Read and understand the statement. Answer O if it is an opinion and F if it is a

fact. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

_____ 1. “We are the world” is a beautiful song.

_____ 2. “We are the world” is composed by Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie.

_____ 3. “We are the world” became the best song because there were more than 20 million

copies have sold out.

_____ 4. “We are the world” was recorded in 1985.

_____ 5. Michael Jackson is one of my favorite singers.

_____ 6. “We are the world” is a song by U.S.A. for Africa to help the hungry and homeless

in Africa.

_____ 7. The message of the song is we can make a change.

Activity 2

Directions: Choose the correct answer. Write it on a separate sheet of paper.

1. How do you know if the statement is an opinion?

5

A. It includes information. C. It gives data.

B. It uses adjectives. D. It asks you a question.

2. Which of these statements is a fact?

A. U.S.A. for Africa is the artist of the song.

B. And the truth, you know love is all we need.

C. Love is the greatest gift of all.

D. We are the ones who make a brighter day.

3. How do you know if a statement is fact?

A. It gives you a new idea about a topic. C. It uses adjectives.

B. It makes you feel differently about the topic. D. It tells you the information you can

check.

4. Which is a summary of the song?

A. There are times when the people of the world must lend a hand to help each other.

B. People are dying in their need.

C. We are all connected.

D. All of the above.

5. Which is not the meaning of these extracts?

We are the children

There’s a choice we’re making.

We’re saving our own lives…

Well, send them your heart

So they know that someone cares…

Change can only come when we stand together as one…

A. We are the children of the mother earth.

B. We are making a responsible decision to help our brothers and sisters who are in

deep trouble.

C. We can get united for a cause.

D. Giving insincere hopes and wishes.

Activity 3

Directions: Choose the letter of your answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which among the following sentence is an opinion?

A. The quarterback made three touchdowns in the game.

B. The score was tied at the end of the final quarter.

C. Football is exciting and fun to watch.

D. Our team won the game by 10 points.

2. My brother found a little puppy in the middle of the street today. He was shivering so

my brother wrapped him in a blanket. Mom said that we cannot keep him because he

belongs to another family. He is the cutest puppy I have ever seen! I do not want to

give him back. Which sentence from the paragraph above is an OPINION?

A. My brother found a little puppy in the middle of the street today.

B. He is the cutest puppy I have ever seen!

C. Mom said that we cannot keep him because he belongs to another family.

6

D. He was shivering so my brother wrapped him in a blanket.

3. My brother found a little puppy in the middle of the street today. He was shivering so

my brother wrapped him in a blanket. Mom said that we cannot keep him because he

belongs to another family. He is the cutest puppy I have ever seen! I do not want to

give him back. Which sentence from the paragraph above is FACT?

A. My brother found a little puppy in the middle of the street today.

B. He is the cutest puppy I have ever seen!

C. Mom likes the puppy.

D. My bother thinks that he can own the puppy.

4. Faye’s dad got a new job. They moved to a new house in a new town, Faye likes the

new house. She thinks it is nice. Her room has a window that looks out on the

backyard. The bed and dresser from the old house are in her new room. All of her toys

are in her new room, too. She likes her new room. “The bed and dresser from Faye’s

old house are in her room in the new house” is _______.

A. fact B. opinion

5. “Faye’s like her new house” is __________. A. fact B. opinion

What I Have Learned

Directions: Read the selection and identify the sentences that follow. Choose fact if it really

happened in the story and opinion if it is what someone thinks or believes. Write your answer

on a separate sheet of paper.

It was almost Halloween, and Maria still hadn’t thought of a costume. Her sister

Louisa was going as a hotdog and Maria thought that was the best idea ever. Louisa

always took Maria trick-or- threat and they always had costumes that went together. But

this year, Louisa had been too busy with her friends to help Maria with a costume. Maria

didn’t know what to do.

Maria was looking on some magazines for costume idea when her mom asked her to

go with her to the grocery store. All the store in the Halloween candy aisle, Maria saw a

tall pointed red hat that gave her a great idea. The hat only cost one hundred pesos, so

Maria’s mom bought it for her. Maria skipped all the way to the car. She had a costume!

She was going to be…. KETCHUP!

1. Maria thought Louisa’s costume was great. Fact Opinion

2. Louisa’s costume was hotdog. Fact Opinion

3. Louisa had been too busy to help Maria. Fact Opinion

4. Maria was happy about her costume ideas. Fact Opinion

5. The red hat cost one hundred pesos. Fact Opinion

7

What I Can Do

Directions: Read and comprehend the letter from Uncle Ben. As you read the letter, spot what

parts are fact and what parts are opinion. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Choose or pick 5 Facts statements and 5 Opinion statements from the letter you have read.

Write your answers on the space provided for.

Fact:

Fact:

Marco got a letter from his Uncle Ben, the airplane pilot. Uncle Ben has traveled all over

the world.

Dear Marco,

This is my third time visiting Paris, and I think it is one of the most beautiful cities

in the world. Paris, as I’m sure you know, is the capital of France. Today I walked along

the Avenue des Champs-Elysees, which is the most famous street in Paris. I think it may

be the most famous street in the world. It is lined with beautiful trees, fountains and

flowers. There are shops, theaters and restaurants and many sidewalks cafes.

I had a wonderful lunch at one of the sidewalk cafes. The pastry I had for dessert

was especially delicious. Paris is known for its fine French cooking. I noticed on the café

menu that they serve one of the most popular French dishes which is escargot, snails in

other words! I don’t think I’ll be trying that while I am here, though.

When you think of Paris, you probably think of the Eiffel Tower. Anyone visiting

Paris has to see the Eiffel Tower. You can see the top of the Eiffel Tower from anywhere

in the city. It is almost 1,000 feet tall. When it was built, it was the tallest building in the

world. You can walk up the stairs to the top, or you can take an elevator. From the top you

can look out across all the Paris. It is an amazing sight!

Tomorrow I am going to the Louvre Museum. It is one of the largest museums in

the world. Once it was the French King’s palace. Now, it is home to some of the most

famous artworks in the world. I look forward to seeing the “Mona Lisa” painting. Have

you seen pictures of it? It was painted over 500 years ago! There have been many poems

and songs written about this painting. The woman in the painting has a little half-smile. To

me, what makes it seem like she has a secret that isn’t going to tell.

Yours truly,

Uncle Ben

Source:

https://www.k5learning.com/reading-comprehension-worksheets/topics/fact-opinion

1._______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2._______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

8

Fact:

Fact

Fact:

Opinion

Opinion

Opinion

Opinion

Opinion

3._______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4._______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

5.______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

1.___________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2.___________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3.___________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

4.___________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

5.___________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

9

South Africa

The Republic of South Africa is a country located at the southern tip of the

continent of Africa. It has a very long coast along both the Atlantic and Indian oceans.

The Cape of Good Hope, at the southernmost point of South Africa, has been an

important place in sailing history. It has a long history that includes many challenges.

About 50 million people live in South Africa today. It is 79.5% Black, 9.2%

White, 8.9% coloured, and 2.5% Asian. Coloured is a term used formally in South

Africa for mixed race. It is spelled with a u because that is how the people in England

spell it, and it was England that labeled these groups. Race has been a very important

part of its history. For many years, Black and coloured South Africans had few rights.

Today, the situation is much better.

The problems for South Africa probably got started about 150 years ago. That

was when gold and diamonds were discovered in inland South Africa. Many people

moved to the country, to work in the mines and to own them. There were two groups of

Europeans in the country: people from Holland and people from England. They fought

for control of this land.

The trouble continued. The native peoples had a very difficult time. The Natives'

Land Act of 1913 severely restricted the ownership of land by 'Blacks' to the small

percentage of 7%. In 1948, the National Party was elected and intensified the

implementation of the program of racial segregation that had begun with European

settlers, and subsequently continued by the South African governments. The Nationalist

Government set up a system of segregationist laws, which meant that only whites could

own most property and that Blacks and coloured people had very few rights. That

terrible system became known as apartheid.

People struggled to end apartheid. It was so very unfair. Their fight went on for

years. One great leader, Nelson Mandela, was put into prison in 1964 and kept there for

27 years. Even though he was in prison, he still was a great leader. His writings helped

inspire others.

Other nations recognized the injustice of apartheid and argued against it. Those

good countries were protesting this ongoing situation. But the government of South

Africa did not change for many years. It took a long time and an international boycott,

but finally there was progress. A boycott is when a group refuses to do business with

another group.

In 1990, the old government allowed Nelson Mandela’s political party, the

African National Congress, to have a voice. Finally, it released this persistent hero from

prison. The first multi-racial elections were held in 1994, and Nelson Mandela’s party

won. He became the President and served as president until 1999. In 1993 he won the

Nobel Peace Prize. That is an international prize given each year to someone who helps

the world have more peace.

Assessment Directions: Read the questions and encircle the letter of the best answer

10

Many people believe there would have been more progress if South Africa’s

government had freed Nelson Mandela much sooner. But Nelson Mandela does not

believe in looking back at problems. He wants people to look forward, to work together

to plan and make progress. He is a very great leader for Africa. He is a leader for the

whole world.

Source:

https://www.google.com/search?q=higher+ordre+thinking+skills+questions+for+the+story+South+Africa+8th+gra

de+non+fiction+center+for+Urban+Education+at+DePaul+University&oq=higher+ordre+thinking+skills+questi

ons

Directions: For items 1-5, write the letter of the best answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of these statements is factual?

A. He is a very great leader.

B. But the government of South Africa did not change for many years.

C. Today, the situation is much better.

D. That terrible system became known as apartheid.

2. Which word makes this statement an opinion? “Those honorable countries were

protesting this ongoing situation.”

A. honorable

B. protesting

C. ongoing

D. situation

3. Which of these sentences is an opinion?

A. They fought for control of the land.

B. He is a leader of the whole world.

C. The trouble continued.

D. About 50 million people live in South Africa today.

4. Why do you think the writer wrote this sentence? Finally, they released this persistent

hero from prison.”

A. to tell you information

B. to finish a history

C. to help you value Mandela

D. to answer a question

5. Which option is a fact based on this data- that about 50 million people live in South

Africa today. _______ percent is black.

A. 89.5%

B. 75.9%

C. 79.5%

D. 70.6%

11

Additional Activities

Directions: Look for the answers from the puzzle above. Write your answer on a separate

sheet of paper.

1. What is the title of the story?

2. Who considered as the very great leader in Africa.

3. The Republic of South Africa is a country located at the _______ tip of the

continent.

4. It is a statement that tells what the writer think, believes, or feels.

5. It can be probed with evidence, statistics, data, etc.

Word Search S A B C D E Q W E R T Y U N U I O P L K J

K O J H G F D S S A D Z X E C X V B N M B

S F U G H O M N B V C D R L U I O P L K J

W R T T Y U P K M N V X C S C X V B N M B

D V B N H N Z I S A W X C O C B N M V C X

F Q W E R A T Y N U I O P N U I O P L K J

B A S D F G F H J I K L M M C X V B N M B

S A D A Z X C R V B O N M A U I O P L K J

A O S D F G H J I B N N O N C X V B N M B

S E U Z Z Q F E Y C Y A M D C B N M V C X

D Q D T X W G D T Q A S J E Z V B N M J K

F S F Q H E H D R W U D H L O P Y U R T E

G X G W C E J C E E I F G A A D G H J K L

G Z H E Z R R V Q R O G F Q W E R T Y U I

G X D R V T G N A T P H D Z A Q D E T H U

G C E T B Y J B W Y T J S M N B V F A C T

12

Answer Key

What I Know

1.O

2.F

3.O

4.O

What’s In

1.Fact

2.Opinion

3.Opinion

4.Opinion

5.Fact

6.Opinion

7.Fact

8.Fact

9.Fact

10.Fact

What’s More

Activity 1

1.O

2.F

3.F

4.F

5.O

6.O

7.O

Activity 2

1.B

2.A

3.D

4.A

5.C

Activity 3

1.C

2.B

3.A

4.A

5.B

What I Have Learned

1.Opinion

2.Fact

3.Fact

4.Opinion

5.Fact

What I Can Do

1.

2.

3. answers may vary

4.

5.

1.

2.

3. answers may vary

4.

5.

Assessment

1.B

2.C

3.A

4.C

5.C

Additional Activities

13

References

“Contrast and Evaluate Facts and Opinion,” Teacher De Paul. Edu, last accessed December 11, 2020,

https://teacher.depaul.edu/Skill-Focused-

Readings/documents/Grade8ContrastandevaluatefactandopinionSouthAfricanonfictionwithmultiplech

oiceandshortresponsequestions2.pdf

“COVID-19 data,” Worldometer, last accessed December 9, 2020,

https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/philippines/

“Detailed Lesson Plan in English-Facts and Opinion,” Slideshare, last accessed December 9, 2020,

https://www.slideshare.net/shielaannneron/detailed-lesson-plan-in-fact-and-opinion

“Distinguishing Facts from Opinion using Signal words,” Youtube, last accessed December 9, 2020,

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sX0yO1JIeo0

“Examples of fact and opinion,” Englishbix, last accessed December 9, 2020

https://www.englishbix.com/examples-of-fact-and-opinion-statement/

“Facts and Opinion,” Quizlet, last accessed December 9, 2020, https://quizlet.com/72551449/fact-

and-opinion-flash-cards/

“Identifying facts from opinion,” Slideshare, last accessed December 9, 2020,

https://www.slideshare.net/JenniferMaderazo/identifying-facts-and-opinions-from-a-selection

“Images of Apples and Bananas,” Google, last accessed December 11, 2020,

google.com/search?q=pictures+of+apples+and+bananas&oq=pictures+of+apples+and+bana&aqs=chr

ome.0.0i457j69i57j0i22i30l2.11019j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

“Images of Dogs and Cats,” Google, last accessed December 11, 2020,

https://www.google.com/search?q=pictures+of+dogs+and+cats&oq=Pictures+of+dogs+and+cats&aqs

=chrome.0.0i457j0l7.9159j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

“Interesting Facts about South Africa,” Google, last accessed December 11, 2020,

https://www.google.com/search?q=south+africa+facts+and+opinion&oq=south+africa+facts+and+opi

nion&aqs=chrome..69i57j33i160.22273j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=U

“Knowing the difference between fact and opinion,” BMCC, last accessed December 9, 2020,

https://www.bmcc.cuny.edu/wp-content/uploads/ported/lrc/studyskills/factsandopinions.pdf

“Pandas,” Google, last accessed December 11, 2020,

https://www.google.com/search?q=pandas&sxsrf=ALeKk00rXDoesihjIkjVAonyMYt2p522vQ:16078

43501508&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiCzIvms8rtAhUIIIgKHewLAdAQ_AUo

AXoECBEQAw&biw=1280&bih=648

“Symbols of Christmas,” Google, last accessed December 11, 2020,

https://www.google.com/search?q=christmas+symbols&oq=christmas+symbols&aqs=chrome..69i57j

0l7.6476j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

“We are the World USA for Africa,” Youtube, last accessed December 13, 2020,

https://youtube.com/watch?v=s3wnuru4u01

14

Development Team

Writer: Janice T. Cruz

Curuan National High School

Zamboanga City

Editor: Vickylou S. Ferrer

Reviewer: Valeria Fides G. Corteza, PhD

Education Program Supervisor

Layout Artist: Jovie R. Cruz, MAEd

Management Team:

Roy C. Tuballa, EMD. JD. CESO VI

Jay S. Montealto, CESO VI

Norma T. Francisco, DM

Mildred D. Dayao, Ed.D.

Valeria Fides G. Corteza, PhD

Aida Coyme, Ed. D.