[Slideshare]adab followgmadzhab

“ADAB IN APPRECIATING THE

MADZAAHIB”


MADZAAHIB”

“All who are non-Mujtahid, by default, is a Muqollid”

1

All Rights Reserved© Zhulkeflee2010

LESSONS ON ISLAMIC ADABBy: Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

2

�اف� � ڪ وا �نف"ر "ي م"ن ون� ل م �ان� �و�م�ا ك ‌�� ة ؤ� ؤ� ٱال� � ؤف�ل

/"ف� ق� م2 ط�اٮ �ف�ر� م"ن ك ل2 ف" ��ن ة ؤ� ہ ؤ� �� ة ؤ�� ف�ق�ه وا �ت 2ي ل

"ذ�ا م�ه إ � ق� وا "ي نذ"ر لد2ين" و�ل ؤ�ف"ى ؤ ٱ ون� ذ�ر � �ه ي �ع�ل � ل "ل � إ ج�ع وBا ؤ�ر� ؤ� ؤ� ہ ؤ�


3

“Nor should the Believers all go forth together: if a contingent from every expedition remained behind, they could devote themselves to studies in religion (faqih fid-deen) and admonish the people when they return to them― that thus they (may learn) to guard themselves (against evil).”

(Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 122)


4

�م ون� ل � "ن ك نت ال� ت ر" إ لذ2 ل� � � أ Hل وBا ـ ؤ�ف� ؤ� ؤ� ٱ ؤ� ؤ�

“... Ask from those who possess the Message (az-Zikr : the remembrance) in matters which you do not know.“

(Qur’an: al-Nahlu: 16: 43)


5

� م"نك �ذ"ين� ء�ام�ن وا ل �ه لل ف�ع" � ؤ�ي ٱ ٱ ؤ� O ـ ج� م� د�ر� ع" � �ذ"ين� أ وت وا ل �و� ‌�� ة ؤ� ؤ� ٱ ٱ

“Allah will raise up, to (suitable) ranks (and degrees), those of you who believe and who have been granted Knowledge:.“

(Qur’an: Mujadilah: 58: 11)


6

“O ye who believe! Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those charged with authority from among you (ulil-’amri min-kum).”

(Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 59)


�ہ �ؤ �أ� ؤ! ہ#ى ٱ و ہ�% أ أ� ہ'و �أ) و% ٱ# ہ(و ہ+ي أ�% أ أ, -( أ و% ٱ# ہ(و ہ+ي أ�% و% وو ہ/ �أ أ%0 أ1 ہ�2 #( أ أ ا ٱ ہ)� أ�ا 45 و أ�� ؤ�‌ ہ7 /�ہ

7

��ل� و�م�ن �ع�ال�ى ق"ي �م�ه م الله ت ي ح" �ف�اء"ي ر� ل خ �ن� �ذ"ي �ل و�ل� الله ؟ ق�ال� ، ا س �ار� �ف�اؤ ك� ي ل خ

�اد�الله" ب �ه� ع" 2م و�ن "ى� و�ي ع�ل �ت ن ي و�ن� س_ �ي ح�ع�ال�ى ت

“(Honour) My successors, may Allah s.w.t. be Merciful towards them!.” He was asked: “Who are your successors O Messenger of Allah?”

And he said: “They are those who revive my Sunnah and teaches them to the servants of Allah.”

(Hadith of the Prophet s.a.w.)All Rights Reserved©

Zhulkeflee2010

8

“If anyone contends with the Messenger even after guidance has been plainly conveyed to him, and follows a path other than that becoming to men to Faith, We shall leave him in the path he has chosen, and land him in Hell, what an evil refuge.”


د" م�ا � س ول� م" ب لر� اق"ق" ؤ�و�م�ن ي ش� ن8 ٱ"يل" ب ر� س� " غ� �ب �ت ه د�ىO و�ي �ه �ن� ل �ي �ب ؤ:ت ؤ� ؤ� ٱ"ه" ل �ىO و�ن �و�ل 2ه" م�ا ت "ين� ن و�ل م"ن ۦم ؤ> ۦ ؤ� ؤ� ٱ

ا gاء� م�ص"ير � و�س� ؤ�ج�ه�ن أ�‌�


9

" �خ�ط�إ "ي� ع�ل�ى ال م�ت�م"ع أ ت ��ج � ت و�ال

“My ummah (community) will never agree upon matters which are erroneous”

(Hadith reported by Tirmidzi, Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah & Daruqutni)

ہ� أ)/ا أ-ى ٱ# أ= أ0 و% أ< أ ہ? و% ہ�و ہ@و Aأ ل# �Cا ة أ' أ D� ة �( أ ہ�% ؤ� ہ7 45 أ/ ؤ- أ( Eأ Fأ ہ# أ2ٲ Hأ أ

“Thus have We made of you an Ummah justly balanced that ye might be witnesses over the nations .“

(Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 143)


10

“If ye differ in anything among yourselves, refer it to Allah and His Messenger * if ye do believe in Allah and the Last Day: that is best, and most suitable for final determination.”



8%Iہ ہ� ہ'و �( أ أٱ# ہ, -( أ أ#ى ٱ# %Iہ ہ� J(ہ �ہ Kأ 0� ة ؤى أ? ہKى ؤ� Aہ ؤ= Lأ 45 أ/ Mأ ہIا8 Kأہ1 Nأ Oؤ أ�% أ �� ة ؤي Pأ Fأ ہ# أQٲ �‌�ہ Pہ �أ� ؤ! ہ� ٱ ؤو أي ؤ# أٱ ہ, -( أ ہSٱ# أ8 ہ/و �ہ Tؤ Mہ ؤ� Aہ /Hہ

U� ہ�ل �ا ؤ Mأ

This is especially referring to the Islamic scholars and jurists, who are competent to refer back to these two primary sources – not just any one.The general Muslims can rely upon any of their juristic decisions by Taqlid. Differences amongst them, termed “khilafiyyah ” are to be respected with Adab as becoming towards all our teachers and scholars (ulama’.)

*

UNDERSTANDING TERMS:

111 – Imam al-Ghazalie r.h.m. Al-Mustasfå min ‘Ilm al-Usul (Cairo: Maktabah al-Tijariyyah, 1356), 2:387.

In Islamic legal theory, the scholars define “taqlid” as :

“Accepting the view of someone (who is a faqih / mujtahid) without a proof”

�ر" ح ج�ة �ر م"ن� غ�ي �غ�ي ق�ب ول ق�و�ل" ال (qabuu-lu qawli’l-ghayr min ghayri

Hujjah).”1


UNDERSTANDING TERMS:

121 – Imam al-Ghazalie r.h.m. Al-Mustasfå min ‘Ilm al-Usul (Cairo: Maktabah al-Tijariyyah, 1356), 2:387.

In Islamic legal theory, the scholars define “taqlid” as :

“Accepting the view of someone (who is a faqih / mujtahid) without a proof”

�ر" ح ج�ة �ر م"ن� غ�ي �غ�ي ق�ب ول ق�و�ل" ال (qabuu-lu qawli’l-ghayr min ghayri

Hujjah).”1

Those who are not qualified scholars (faqih) who are can do “ijtihad “ ( called “mujtahid”) are obligatory to “taqlid” (still technically regarded as a “muqallid” )


UNDERSTANDING TERMS: In Islamic legal theory, scholastic method

referred to as “ijtihad” means simply, ‘exertion’,

13


UNDERSTANDING TERMS: In Islamic legal theory, scholastic method

referred to as “ijtihad” means simply, ‘exertion’,

Religiously speaking, it refers to a jurist (faqih) “expending every possible effort to examine” the textual evidences, so as to arrive at a ruling of the Sacred Law.

The point here is that “ijtihad is not just one of scholarly exertion, but of exhaustion.” Fathoming the intent of the Lawgiver, and inferring new rulings from the primary sources - is indeed a most arduous and demanding task not for just any or everyone - so as to reach a sound legal conclusion.

14


UNDERSTANDING TERMS: In Islamic legal theory, such a scholar are

called “mujtahid” – and has many levels, the highest category, whose juristic methods and decisions are widely followed termed – “mujtahid mutlaq ” – became as a school of jurisprudence called “madzhab” or “madzaahib”(plural).

15


UNDERSTANDING TERMS: In Islamic legal theory, such a scholar are

called “mujtahid” – and has many levels, the highest category, whose juristic methods and decisions are widely followed termed – “mujtahid mutlaq ” – became as a school of jurisprudence called “madzhab” or “madzaahib”(plural).

The well-known madzaahib that survived are :

[1] Ja’fari – Imam Ja’far ibn Muhamad as-Sodiq

[2] Maliki – Imam Malik bin Anas [3] Hanafi – Imam Abu Hanifah Nu’man ibn

Tsabit [4] Shafi’e – Imam Muhammad Idris as-

Shafi’e [5] Hanbali – Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal

16


IMPORTANT POINTS TO NOTE:

Imam al-Qur†ubi says: “No difference exists among the scholars that the laymen are to perform taqlid of their scholars.” *

Ibn Qudamah explicitly states: “As far as taqlid in the details of the Sacred Law (furu‘) is concerned, it is allowed by consensus (ijma’).” +

17


* Al-Jami‘ li Ahkam al-Qur’an (Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah),

+ Al-Rawdatu’l-Nazir wa Jannat al-Manazir (Riyadh: Maktabah al-Rushd),

IMPORTANT POINTS TO NOTE:

Contemporary scholar, Imam al-Shanqi†i wrote:

“The prescribed taqlid, which none of the Muslims contest, is the layman’s performing taqlid of a scholar qualified to issue fatwa on various matters. This type of taqlid was in vogue during the time of the Prophet, peace be upon him, and there was no contention about it. The layman asked whosoever he wished from the Companions of the Prophet, may Allah be pleased with them, about the ruling for a given case. Whenever a fatwa was given, he simply complied with it.” * 18


* Adwa’ al-Bayån, 7:318

19

��ق�ض"ي �ق�ض"ي؟ ق�ال� ; ا �ف� ت �ي ; ك ف�ق�ال� ��م "ن� ل �اب" الله ، ق�ال� ; ف�إ "ت "م�ا ف"ي� ك ب�ة" ن "س �اب" الله؟ ق�ال� ; ف�ب "ت �ك ن� ف"ي� ك ي �"ن و�ل" الله" ص.ع.س. ق�ال� ; ف�إ س ر�

و�ل الله؟ س �ة" ر� ن �ك ن� ف"ي� س �م� ي ل�ه" "ل �ح�م�د ل �ل ; ا "ي . ق�ال� ي

� أ �ه"د� ر� ت �ج� ; أ ق�ال�

و�ل" الله" س و�ل� ر� س �ذ"ي� و�ف�ق� ر� ال.ص.ع.س


20

(When the Prophet s.a.w. was about to send Muadz ibn Jabal r.a. to Yemen) he said (to Muadz): “How would you judge (give religious decision for people)? “

He (Muadz) replied: “(I will judge) With what is in the Book of Allah”. Rasulullah then said: “What if you cannot find (any) in it?”

Muadz replied: “(Then, I will judge) with the Sunnah of Rasulullah s.a.w.”. Rasulullah then said: “What if you cannot find in the Sunnah?”

He replied :”( Then) I will make ‘ijtihad (exertion) with my reasoning.” (Then the Rasulullah s.a.w.) he said: “All praise be to Allah Who granted taufiq (success in this test) for the messenger of Allah’s messenger!”.

(Hadith reported by Tirmidzi)All Rights Reserved©

Zhulkeflee2010

21

�ا "ن �ز"ل ب �ن �م�ر ي �أل و�ل� الله" ، ا س �ار� ; ي ق ل�ت �ك� �م� ت م�ض" م"ن آن_ و�ل ��ه" ق ر �ز"ل ف"ي �ن �م� ي ل

�ه �ج�م"ع وا ل �ة_ ؟ ق�ال� ; أ ن �ه" س ف"ي�ن� م"ن� "د"ي �ع�اب �ل ; ا �و� ق�ال� �ن� - ا "م"ي �ع�ال ال

��ك م �ن �ي اى ب و�ر� �ن� ، و�اج�ع�ل و�ه ش "ي �م ؤ�م"ن ال�ي� و�اح"د

� أ "ر� �ه" ب �ق�ض و�ا ف"ي � ت و�ال


22

“(‘Ali ibn Abi Talib r.a. said) “I asked: ‘O Messenger of Allah! (What are we to do when) matters come before us wherewith there is no (explicit) indication regarding them in the Qur’an nor in the Sunnah from you regarding them (regarding its ruling)?’

(The Prophet s.a.w.) he said: “You are to gather together the learned (‘ulama) amongst them” – or he may have said “The worshippers (‘abideen ) from amongst the Believers” – “Convene with them shura (mutual consultations to derive a collective decision) in regard to religious rulings. Do not decide based upon (idea or knowledge of) only one (singular) person’s thought.”

(Hadith reported by Ibnu Abdil Barr)All Rights Reserved©

Zhulkeflee2010

FURTHER UNDERSTANDING ABOUT

“IJTIHAD ” AND “MUJTAHID ”

FURTHER UNDERSTANDING ABOUT

“IJTIHAD ” AND “MUJTAHID ”

“What are the requirement and necessary qualification for a Mujtahid ?”



QUALIFICATION OF A MUJTAHID

24

IJTIHAD

– literally means “an effort or an exercise to arrive at one’s own judgement” – technically it is used in regards to “the exertion by a (mujtahid) qualified Islamic scholar in (istinbat) extracting legal rulings from the primary sources.”



25

IJTIHAD

– literally means “an effort or an exercise to arrive at one’s own judgement” – technically it is used in regards to “the exertion by a (mujtahid) qualified Islamic scholar in (istinbat) extracting legal rulings from the primary sources.” Knowledgeable about the religion of Islam, the

Sunnah (Ways or traditions of the Prophet s.a.w.), Fiqh (Jurisprudence) and Usul-al-Fiqh (Principles of Jurisprudence) especially:


QUALIFICATION


26

IJTIHAD

– literally means “an effort or an exercise to arrive at one’s own judgement” – technically it is used in regards to “the exertion by a (mujtahid) qualified Islamic scholar in (istinbat) extracting legal rulings from the primary sources.” [A] He must be so very well versed in the study of

Qur’an. That he must know the reason why the verses and chapters of the Qur’an were revealed and when each one of them was revealed (Asbab-al-Nuzul);


QUALIFICATION


27

IJTIHAD

– literally means “an effort or an exercise to arrive at one’s own judgement” – technically it is used in regards to “the exertion by a (mujtahid) qualified Islamic scholar in (istinbat) extracting legal rulings from the primary sources.” [B] He must be well versed in the study of the traditions of the Prophet Muhammad s.a.w. That is, he must know the distinction between authentic Hadith from the spurious and the various other technical categories of Ahadith – viz. Mutawwatir, Shahih, Hasan, Dho’if, Maudhu’ etc.;


QUALIFICATION


28

IJTIHAD

– literally means “an effort or an exercise to arrive at one’s own judgement” – technically it is used in regards to “the exertion by a (mujtahid) qualified Islamic scholar in (istinbat) extracting legal rulings from the primary sources.” [C] He must know the principles of Ijma’ (scholarly consensus) very well;


QUALIFICATION


29

IJTIHAD

– literally means “an effort or an exercise to arrive at one’s own judgement” – technically it is used in regards to “the exertion by a (mujtahid) qualified Islamic scholar in (istinbat) extracting legal rulings from the primary sources.” [D] He must know the injunctions of Qiyas (jurisdistic analogy).


QUALIFICATION


30

IJTIHAD


Apart from his qualification, he must posses good Islamic character apart from academic excellence. Among the moral qualities are:

(a) He must be a good Muslim. That he must not be a nominal Muslim; rather, must be a practising one.


OTHER IMPORTANT CRITERIA


31

IJTIHAD



(b) He must be very pious and law-abiding to all the injunctions of the Holy Qur’an.




32

IJTIHAD



(c) He must not be influenced by any heretical influences.




33

IJTIHAD



(d) He must be just, reliable, trustworthy and pure from iniquitous practices.



CLASSIFICATION OF MUJTAHID

34

AL-MUJTAHID FI - AL-SHARI-’AH

– These were those who did ijtihad in the matter of Shari’ah amongst the companions of the Prophet till the third century of Islam.


(reference from “Shariah: The Islamic Law” by Abdur Rahman I. Doi)

35

AL-MUJTAHID FI - AL-MADZHAB

– these are those who did ijtihad and later found schools of jurisprudence. There are today 5 surviving schools of Jurisprudence, viz. Ja’fari, Maliki, Hanafi, Shafi’ie and Hanbali




36

AL-MUJTAHID FI - AL-MASA-IL

– these are those who follow them (mujtahid fi-al-Madzhab ) i.e. the present day mujtahids who give Fatwa (or Juristic opinions) on religious matters.




APPRECIATING SOME ASPECTS REGARDING SOURCES OF ISLAMIC

JURISPRUDENCE

37

AL-QUR’AN

AS-SUNNAH

IJMA’

QIYAS

The Revealed Book

The Way of the Prophet

Consensus

Analogous deduction



JURISPRUDENCE

38

AL-QUR’AN

AS-SUNNAH

IJMA’

QIYAS

The Revealed Book

The Way of the Prophet

Consensus

Analogous deduction

Generally, these four are known by many Muslims as the sources by which Islamic rulings are derived. The primary sources being “Kitabullah wa Sunnati Rosuulihi”.

What follows are (secondary) generally falls under the method termed “ijtihad” that has many approaches, of priority is “ijma” and “Qiyas ”. Yet, there are more ....




39

Istidlal and Istishab

deduction by logic and reasoning; and relying on presumption; continuation of a rule for a certain situation in a circumstance where it is not known whether or not the original situation still exists



JURISPRUDENCE



40

Istidlal and Istishab

deduction by logic and reasoning; and relying on presumption; continuation of a rule for a certain situation in a circumstance where it is not known whether or not the original situation still exists

Istihsan preference



JURISPRUDENCE



41

Maslahah al-mursalah

for public interest



JURISPRUDENCE



42

Maslahah al-mursalah

for public interest

al-‘Urf Customs or norms



JURISPRUDENCE



43

Sadd-uz-zara-’i

“closing the door of mischief”



JURISPRUDENCE



44

Sadd-uz-zara-’i

“closing the door of mischief”

‘Amal ahl-al-madinah practices of the people of Madinah



JURISPRUDENCE



45

Ash-shar’u manqablana

the path traversed by those before us – i.e. the jurists (mujtahidun)



JURISPRUDENCE



46

Ash-shar’u manqablana

the path traversed by those before us – i.e. the jurists (mujtahidun)

‘Madzhab Sahaabiy opinions of Companions of the Prophet



JURISPRUDENCE

47

اع�ة� �ظ�ر" الس� �ت �ة ف�ان �م�ان �أل 2ع�ت" ا "ذ�ا ض ي إو�ل الله ؟ س �ار� "ض�اع�ت ه�ا ي �ف� إ �ي ; ك ق�ال�"ه" �ه�ل �ر" أ "ل�ى غ�ي �م�ر إ �أل "د� ا ن �س

"ذ�ا أ ق�ال� ; إع�ة� �ظ"ر" الس� �ت ف�ان

“When a trust is neglected, then wait for the time (of its destruction).”

Somebody ask: ‘How shall this be neglected O Messenger of Allah?’

He the replied: “When a matter (affair) is given over, not to its rightful (legitimate) person, then wait for its time (of destruction).”

(Hadith reported by Bukhary) All Rights Reserved© Zhulkeflee2010

48

�ز"ع ه م"ن� �ت �ن اعgا ي "ز� �ت "ن �م� ا �ع"ل "ض ال �ق�ب � ي "ن� الله� ال إ

�اس" ، الن"ه" �ه�ل �ض" أ �ق�ب �م� ي �ع"ل "ض ال �ق�ب �ك"ن� ي ، و�ل

ا gؤ وس �اس ر �خ�ذ� الن "مgا ات �ق� ع�ال �ب �م� ي "ذ�ا ل �ى إ ح�تg ، ج ه�اال

�وا " ، ف�ض�ل �م ل �ر" ع" "غ�ي �و�ا ب ف�ت� �ذ�ا س ء"ل و�ا أ إ

�و�ا ض�ل� Verily Allah does not remove knowledge from the"و�أ

(hearts of the) people, rather he takes away knowledge by taking away its people (the scholars), until there are no more scholars, the people then take leaders that are ignorant, and when they are asked, and give fatwas (they give) without knowledge, so they misguide and are misguided."

(Hadith reported by Ashaab as-Sunnan from Ibnu ‘Umar r.a.)


AN IMPORTANTCLARIFICATION

CONCERNING “TAQLID”

AN IMPORTANTCLARIFICATION

CONCERNING “TAQLID”

“The learned and wise among Muslims must use constant vigilance in detecting erroneous usage in language which

impinges upon semantic change in major key elements and creates general confusion and error in the understanding

of Islam and of its worldview.” Prof. Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas



CLARIFYING SOME ERRORS - CONFUSION:

Some people carelessly argues: “Taqlid is haram (forbidden)” “Following Madzhab is Bid’ah (innovation) !

” “I want to follow only the Madzhab of the

Prophet s.a.w. ! ” “Don’t follow Madzhab, we must all follow

only the Qur’an and Sunnah ! ” “There is no priesthood in Islam, so why

must we obey the ‘ulama’. After all each one of us can now easily access the Qur’an and Ahadith ! ”

50


Allow me to respond and clarify ...

Taqlid is in fact “wajib” (obligatory) for every Muslim who are non-Mujtahid. This has been the consensus (ijma’ ) of Islamic scholars since the Prophet’s time – to follow those who are the learned, and the Qur’anic basis are many viz: Nahl:16:43; Mujadilah: 58: 11; An-Nisa’: 4: 59, 115; Taubah:7:122; etc.

Example - the Khulafa Rashidun, Ibn Mas’ud, Mu’adz, Ibn ‘Abbas, Ibn ‘Umar, A’ishah, Umm Salamah, etc. They not only convey Ahadith, but also give “iftah ” religious rulings on certain matters. This is where Madzhab has its beginnings – i.e. during the Prophet’s time – “Madzhab Sahaby” (juristic opinions of the Companions).


“Taqlid is haram (forbidden)” ?

51


Some advocate “it-tiba ’ “ i.e. “following ” by also understanding the basis (dalil) for a decision. This is still regarded as “Taqlid” because the person has to rely upon whatever the scholars have presented for he has no competency to adequately assess the basis from its sources, independently. His knowing of the basis is not compulsory, but only encouraged as a learning process i.e. to aspire to upgrade himself towards becoming knowledgeable of the Deen, to appreciate and learn the methodology.

It is only in matters of Aqeedah or in matters that outwardly opposes known principles and teachings of Islam, that “Taqlid “ (in the sense of following blindly) is Haram (forbidden) i.e. for those who can think and can verify.


“Taqlid is haram (forbidden)” ?

52


If by “Bid’ah “ we mean strictly to refer to any “ innovation i.e. something which has not been done by the Prophet s.a.w. himself ” - then yes, it is “Bid’ah “. This was because there was no necessity for the Prophet to be following any one else’s opinion on religious matter.

Yet, amongst the Companions of the Prophet, there are those whom he specifically pointed out to be referred by others, because these were acknowledged by him as competent scholars and teachers in the Prophet’s absence. So if by “madzhab “ we mean “school of thoughts in matters of juristic, Qur’anic interpretations”, then this is clearly already advocated by the Prophet s.a.w. himself during his life-time.


“Following Madzhab is Bid’ah (innovation) ? ”

53


So, if some practices occur which is known to the Prophet s.a.w. and he consented (by not forbidding it) then, technically it is to be regarded as a Sunnah (Taqrir-riyya). Here, then the argument in fact supports that following “madzhab ” is not a “Bid’ah ” but rather is actually a “Sunnah ”.

Yes, there were already “ikhtilaaf ” (differences) in the opinions amongst them, but it was wisely tolerated by the Prophet s.a.w. himself even during that period, to teach us how we are supposed to regard differences of opinions with Adab, amongst the learned.

WaAllaahu a’lam.


“Following Madzhab is Bid’ah (innovation) ? ”

54



MADZAAHIB”


MADZAAHIB”

“All who are non-Mujtahid, by default, is a Muqollid”

55



“PARABLE OF THE RIVER AND

ITS DISTRIBUTARIES


FOLLOWING “MADZAAHIB”

LESSONS ON ISLAMIC ADAB

MAIN RIVER SOURCE

DISTRIBUTARIES DISTRIBUTARIES

DISTRIBUTARIES

DISTRIBUTARIES


1. All distributaries emanates from the main river source.

2. The nearer it is to the source, the purer will be the water.

3. None of the distributaries alone can claim to represent the

entire main river, yet as long as they are connected to the

main source, they are all part of the river system (no doubt).


ITS DISTRIBUTARIES




4. It may even merge into one another. Or some may completely disappear from the earth’s surface. Or pure water from the sky may be added to it.

5. Each distributaries could also be affected by the soil upon which it flows through, or impurities may have been thrown into them, or other pollutants inadvertently introduced as when irrigation or dam have to be constructed etc..


ITS DISTRIBUTARIES




6. Thus, the concern is for users of each distributaries to

be cautious when drinking from it, lest it may become harmful, although one has to still drink from it- or else die from thirst.

7. To deprive any one from the available water that they already can access to, with the excuse that it has become polluted is foolish, just as long as the stream they are drinking from, still contain the water which is from the main source.


ITS DISTRIBUTARIES




8. Similarly foolish is to argue “my distributaries is better

than your distributaries” when both actually possesses

life-sustaining water (H2O).

9. Those who have collected for themselves clean water may share them with others – but, it would be sheer arrogance to ‘incite’ common people who have always relied upon these distributaries for their sustenance, to abandon benefitting from the abundant flow of these streams, for the sake of ‘small insignificant cisterns and tanks’ being offered.


ITS DISTRIBUTARIES




10.It is equally foolish, nay irresponsible, to confuse – or rather to “scare and confound”- the common people whose need for water does not necessarily require him to be expert chemists themselves – only for them to heed whatever advises of the medical experts amongst them as well as from the “water authority”.

WaAllaahu a’lam.


ITS DISTRIBUTARIES



http://an-naseehah.blogspot.com/http://introductiontotauhid.blogspot.com/http://oyoubelievers.blogspot.com/http://al-amthaal.blogspot.com/ http://zhulkeflee-archive.blogspot.com/ http://criteriaforaholybook-quran.blogspot.com/ http://with-the-truthful.blogspot.com/ http ://muqaddam-nurul.blogspot.com/

�ات ه ك �ر� ه" و�ب ح�م�ة الل �ك م و�ر� �ي الس�الم ع�لAll welcome to visit my web-blog:


[Slideshare]adab followgmadzhab

Education