Top Banner
1
32
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: Slides on Human nature(2015)

1

Page 2: Slides on Human nature(2015)

1. Man has been subjected to a never-ending research and investigation

2. Religious scholars, philosophers, biologists, psychologists, anthropologists, sociologists,

& others

2

Page 3: Slides on Human nature(2015)

1. Beginning with the Greek philosophers2. Muslim philosophers3. Wise men in almost all religions4. From the ancient to the scientific age5. This study is perennial in nature6. New information emerge from time to

time

3

Page 4: Slides on Human nature(2015)

1. Being perennial in nature, the old and new studies conducted on man, try to unearth and bring to light many of man’s potentials, which were not known previously

2. Researchers believe that any latest finding on man will be added information to the existing knowledge and science on man

( Mohd Abbas, 1997 & 2011)

4

Page 5: Slides on Human nature(2015)

Nye(1986), states that although at times many of the ideas on man in the Western paradigms complement one another in answering the intricate questions on human nature, there are also times when they contradict each other

5

Page 6: Slides on Human nature(2015)

6

Page 7: Slides on Human nature(2015)

Painted a negative image of man There is no difference between man and

other members of the animal kingdom Man is an intellectual beast doomed for

destruction Man is enslaved to his sexual impulses Man has no freedom to cut loose from the

shackles of his psychosexual development Freud’s concept on man is a pessimistic and

deterministic one Man is driven by two psychic forces; Eros (Life Instinct) and Thanatos (Death Insticnt) 7

Page 8: Slides on Human nature(2015)

8

Pavlov(1849-1936)

J.B.Watson(1878-1958)

B.F.Skinner(1904-1990)

Page 9: Slides on Human nature(2015)

Based on the ‘tabula rasa’ theory, man is neither good nor bad

Man is nothing more than an outcome of his environment

Radical Behaviorism: Man and animals can be conditioned by stimulus and response and reinforcement

Man becomes a mechanical being. They emphasized on man’s learning

experience They do not believe that man is born with

innate knowledge 9

Page 10: Slides on Human nature(2015)

10

Maslow(1908-1970)

Carl Rogers(1902-1987)

Page 11: Slides on Human nature(2015)

Man is born with a good nature but reacts negatively due to situations which he gets into

They did not believe that all human actions can be reduced to a stimulus-response type of action

They believe, man has a subjective inner dimension

Man has the freedom to choose either to respond or not to the demands of the environment

Man’s state of consciousness is more important than his unconscious

Man has the tendency for growth to experience ‘Self-Actualization’ and ‘Fully-functioning Person’

11

Page 12: Slides on Human nature(2015)

Many scholars in the West were and are influenced by what has been conceptualized by Charles Darwin (1809-1882).

Darwin’s idea that states the origin of man goes back to the ape family is lurking in the ideas of Western scholars who appeared later on the intellectual stage of Europe

12

Page 13: Slides on Human nature(2015)

• Man has a pre-existed before he came to this world

• Human beings are the progeny of Adam• Man is the Khalifah/vicegerent of God on earth• Man was taught by Allah - as such, he possesses

the creative intelligence • Man was created in the best of moulds• Man was given the natural disposition• Man is placed on the highest pedestal in the

hierarchy of creations• Man was not the First Creation of Allah SWT• The world was prepared for Man before his

coming 13

Page 14: Slides on Human nature(2015)

At times man’s position can go higher than the angels and lower than animals

Man is forgetful Man is given the freedom of choice to choose

his way, either to be thankful or ungrateful to Allah

Man is given the ‘Amanah’ Man has a dual nature; soul and body The spiritual dimension of man

14

Page 15: Slides on Human nature(2015)

15

And when your Lord said to the angels: “Indeed, I will make a vicegerent upon the earth.” They said: “Will you place upon it one who will cause corruption therein, and will shed blood, while we glorify Your praise and sanctify You.” He said: “Surely, I know that which you know not.”

Surah Al-Baqarah 2:30

Page 16: Slides on Human nature(2015)

He is known in the Qur’an as:

16

Page 17: Slides on Human nature(2015)

17

Soul/ Spirit/ Mind

Page 18: Slides on Human nature(2015)

18

Page 19: Slides on Human nature(2015)

19

Page 20: Slides on Human nature(2015)

20

Page 21: Slides on Human nature(2015)

Born in the primordial nature/ born with his natural disposition

Born without any stain of sin In Islam, man is not born with the ‘Original Sin’

21

Page 22: Slides on Human nature(2015)

22

So set you your face (O Muhammad) towards (this) Faith, inclining to truth. The nature of Allah that upon which He has created mankind. There is no altering in (the laws of) Allah’s creation. That is the right religion, but most of the people do not know

[ Surah Rum30: 30 ]

Page 23: Slides on Human nature(2015)

23

Page 24: Slides on Human nature(2015)

“We did indeed offer the Trust to the Heavens and the Earth and the Mountains; but they refused to undertake it, being afraid thereof. But man undertook it (the Trust);- he was indeed unjust and foolish...”  (Surah Al-Ahzab:72)          

24

Page 25: Slides on Human nature(2015)

The word Amanah in Surah Ahzab:72 has several meanings to it

Scholars say Amanah can be the sum total of all the injunctions found in the Qur’an

The Qur’an can be the Amanah The human intellect or Aql’ can be the

Amanah The Vicegerency can be the Amanah The covenant between Allah and the whole of

humanity in the realm of soul, prior to his coming to this world

25

Page 26: Slides on Human nature(2015)

26

We have certainly created man in the finest of moulds (Surah Al-Tin 95:4)

And indeed, We have honored the children of Adam, and We have carried them on the land and the sea, and We have provided them with good things, and We have preferred them above many of those whom We created, (a sure) preference (Surah Al-Isra’:70)

Page 27: Slides on Human nature(2015)

27

Indeed, We guided him to the way, whether be he grateful or be he ungrateful (rests on his will)

Surah Al-Insan76:3)

Page 28: Slides on Human nature(2015)

28

And indeed, We made a covenant with Adam before, but he forgot, and We did not find in him determination

Surah Ta Ha 20: 115

Page 29: Slides on Human nature(2015)

29

And He taught Adam all the names, then He showed them to the angels and said: “Inform Me of the names of these, if you are truthful.” They said: “Glory be to You, we have no knowledge except that which You have taught us. Indeed, it is You, the All Knower, the All Wise.”

Surah Baqarah2: 31-32

Page 30: Slides on Human nature(2015)

Al-Ruh Al-Qalb Al-Nafs Al-Aql’

30

Page 31: Slides on Human nature(2015)

The Spiritual Journey of Man:

An Islamic Perspective

Jahan-nam(Hell)

Jahan-nam(Hell)

31

Page 32: Slides on Human nature(2015)

Syukran JazilanThank you

Terima Kasih

32