Past Tense Relative Clauses
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Past Tense
Relative Clauses
8/13/2019 Slides of enterprise 4 grammar, unit 2
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Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect Continuous
I had worked – buvau
dir bęs
I had – I’d
Had + VIII (-ed, 3 st.)
I had NOT worked –
hadn’t
? (Where) Had he
worked?
I had been working –
buvau dir bęs (I’d been
working)
I had NOT (hadn’t)
been working?(Where) Had he been
working?
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Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect Continuous
Seniausiai įvykęs
veiksmas:
Rodo, kad tas veiksmas
įvyko anksčiausiai –
dar prieš visus kitusminimus veiksmus,
e. g. He had learnt
(1) at school nothing,
so he was (2) nowilliterate.
REZULTATAS
Seniausiai įvykęs
veiksmas:
Rodo, kad tas veiksmas
įvyko anksčiausiai – dar
prieš visus kitusminimus veiksmus, e. g.
He had been reading (1)
for 2 hours when I came
(2).PROCESAS
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Past Simple Past Continuous
1) Taisyklingi –ed:
(worked...)a) Live – lived
b) Study – studied
(y+prieb.)
c) Play – played (y+balsė) d) Stop – stopped
(travelled)
2) Netaisyklingi: go-went...
I did not work – didn’t work
I did not go (VI)
(Where) Did you go? (VI)
~ Yes, I did/No, I didn’t
I, he, she, it was working
we, you, they were workinga) Live – living
b) Run – running
(travelling)
c) Study - studying
-I was NOT working.
was not – wasn’t
were not – weren’t
? Were you working? ~ Yes,
I was/No, I wasn’t
? Where was I working?
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Past Simple Past Continuous
1) Įprastiems veiksmams,
įpročiams praeityje žymėti, e.
g. She liked reading books.
2) Kai duodamas konkretus
laikas (1985) arba kai jo
klausiama.
3) Tačiau su šiuo laiku konkretus
laikas nebūtinas.
4) Kai pateikiamos konkrečios
veiksmo aplinkybės.
5)Istorijoms pasakoti; kai veiksmai
vyko vienas po kito.6) I said – aš pasakiau
REZULTATAS •
1) Gali reikšti palaipsnį
vystymąsi, e. g. The wind was
rising.
2) Dažnai vartojamas kartu su
past simple , e. g. I was
having a shower when the
doorbell rang. Maudžiaussi
duše – vyko procesas, o
skambučio skambėjimas –
pertrauktas procesas.
3) Apibūdinti situaciją tuo metu,
e. g. The sun was shining and
the birds were singing when Iwas walking in the forest.
4) He was dancing and (was)
singing – nebūtina kartoti
I was saying then
PROCESAS
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Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Continuous
I, you, we, they
have worked
He, she, it HAS worked
I have – I’ve, he has – he’s
Have/has + VIII (-ed, 3 st.)I have NOT worked
Have not – haven’t; has not
– hasn’t
? (Where) Has he worked?
I have been working – (I’ve
been working)I have NOT (haven’t) been
working?
(Where) Have you been
working?
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Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Continuous
Susieja praeitį ir dabartį:
1) Veiksmas įvyko nesenai arbadar nesibaigė.
2) Paliko rezultatus dabarčiai.
3) Kalba apie gyvenimo patirtį.
4) Kai yra tikimybė, kad veiksmas
ateityje pasikartos.
5) Su: just, yet; ever, never,
always, often, e. g. I have
never been to London
(nebuvau, bet dar galiu būti),for (30) months, since, still,
lately, recently (paskutiniu
metu), so far (iki šiol), thisweek
NEGALIMA NAUDOTI, KAI
ŽINOMAS AR NUMANOMAS
TIKSLUS LAIKAS! – tada PastSImple (nebent this morning...)
Susieja praeitį ir dabartį:
1) Veiksmas įvyko nesenai arba
dar nesibaigė.
2) Naudojamas su žodžiais for,
since....
PROCESAS
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Have gone to – išėjęs, bet dar negrįžęs
Have been to – yra buvęs (grįžęs)
Have been in – gyvena
Jokiame Continuous laike nevartojame
veiksmažodžių, reiškiančių protą, jausmus,
emocijas, būsenas...
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Past Perfect Simple Past Simple Present Perfect Simple
(I had run - rezultatas) (I ran – rezultatas) (I have run – rezultatas)
Past Perfect Cont. Past Cont. Present Perfect Cont.
(I had been running ) (I was running ) I have been running )
Praeitis Dabartis
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Who (žmogus)
Which kuris, kuri, kas….. (daiktas)
That (daiktas, žmogus)
e. g. She is the girl who lives in this street.
This is a photo of the mountain (that)we saw.
BUT
I know the man who he won the first prize.(2 veiksniai!)
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Whose – kieno, kurio...
Who’s – who is/who has
Whom – ką, kam
I spoke to a woman whom/that I had metbefore.
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Where – kur...
The hotel where we stayed was fantastic =The hotel (which/that) we stayed at was
fantastic
When – kada...
I remember the day (when) I met you. = I
remember the day that I met you.
Why – kodėl... The reason (why/that) I can’t come is that
I’m exhausted.
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Prielinksniai naudojami prieš
who/which... arba (šalutinio) sakiniogale:
The company for which she works sellscomputers. Formal
The company which she works for sells
computers. InformalThe company she works for sells
computers. Everyday English
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Tačiau who/that nenaudojami poprielinksnio:
This is the girl with whom who I played
tennis. Formal
This is the girl (who) I played tennis with.
Informal
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The man whose son won the prize was
very happy. – paryškintos dalies negalima
praleisti, nes ji svarbi sakinio prasmei
(identifying clause), todėl jos neišskiriame
kableliais.
Michael, who lives next door , has offered
to help me paint my flat. – sakinio prasmė
be paryškintos dalies nenukenčia (non-
identifying), todėl ji atskiriama kableliais.
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All/most/some/a few/half/none/two,
etc. + of + whom/which
I bought five hats. Two of them were black –
I bought five hats, two of which were black.
(iš kurių du)
Tom has got three brothers, all of whom (iš
kurių visi).