Slide 6: Argue moved from 1 st in list to middle of list. Slide 8: Put Creativity into list. Which two skills are you referring to in the notes? Slide 10: Added “repeatable by others” to individual, dynamic and messy. I think that is the key difference between science and arts, science and theology. Slide 13: fixed spelling of “discussion” Slide 15: Should one of these be “603?” Slide 19: piechart changed to “scholarship” Slide 20: clarified Points for Exams Slide 23: Spelled out Misc - Added piechart for summary discussion of grades and advice regarding successful approach. Slide 33: Link to NAS document explaining scientific method added Slide 36: picture of Dalton added Slides 37-38: inserted two slides since one of Dalton’s Laws mentioned here (and in book) is incorrect. A great chance to bring up the fact that “Laws” are not immutable. noted on this slide. Slide count includes this n
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Slide 6: Argue moved from 1st in list to middle of list.
Slide 8: Put Creativity into list. Which two skills are you referring to in the notes?
Slide 10: Added “repeatable by others” to individual, dynamic and messy. I think that is the key difference between science and arts, science and theology.
Slide 13: fixed spelling of “discussion”
Slide 15: Should one of these be “603?”
Slide 19: piechart changed to “scholarship”
Slide 20: clarified Points for Exams
Slide 23: Spelled out Misc - Added piechart for summary discussion of grades and advice regarding successful approach.
Slide 33: Link to NAS document explaining scientific method added
Slide 36: picture of Dalton added
Slides 37-38: inserted two slides since one of Dalton’s Laws mentioned here (and in book) is incorrect. A great chance to bring up the fact that “Laws” are not immutable.
Slide 44: space added
Changes noted on this slide. Slide count includes this new slide.
Intersection 1: Intro to Gateway
9/5/06Reading: 1.1-1.2 p 2-5
What is Chemistry?
1 : a science that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of substances and with the transformations that they undergo
2 a : the composition and chemical properties of a substance <the chemistry of iron> b : chemical processes and phenomena (as of an organism) <blood chemistry>
3 : a strong mutual attraction, attachment, or sympathy <they have a special chemistry>
– 11 assignments, drop lowest grade. – Due at the beginning of studio on Wednesday. No late
homework (after 1:10 or 3:10) will be accepted.– Grading: 4 points for completing all of the assignment, 3
points each for two random problems that will be graded.
• Exams– 6-8pm on Tuesdays– Points for Exams: 40, 45, 45, 65
In-class points– Earn up to 100 in-class points – Coursepack or to hand in a short writing assignment. – Points may come for individual or group work.
0 -for a physical absence; OR endangered self or others through safety violation
1 -participation has room much for improvement; work partially complete; OR does not clean up area before leaving
2 -sometimes mentally unengaged; runs long or rushes through work3 -good day's work; helps others, particularly group members; engaged
throughout class time; working to show learning and improvement4 -excellent work above and beyond what was expected; thought creatively
and made great connections
Scholarship Assignments
• 9/22 (I) Penny report (20 points)• 9/29 (G) Food brief (25)• 10/6 (I) Ethics paper (20)• 10/13 (G) Artificial sweetener debate (40)• 10/20 (I) Hot pack report (40)• 10/30 (G) Watershed proposal (30)• 11/10 (G) Equilibrium representation (20)• 12/11 (G) Watershed Poster session (40)• 12/11 (G) Watershed final paper (25)• 12/13 (I) In class analysis (40)
Miscellaneous
• 5 hour course= 10 hours a week outside of class on work!
• Attendance
• Academic integrity
• Safety
homework14%
in-class14%
exams29%
scholarship43%
As we get started
Need for gateway
– Coursepack Dollar Bill Copying M-TH. 9am - 8 pm, Friday 9am-5pm, and Noon - 5pm on Saturday and Sunday
– Text: Moore, Stanitski, and Jurs Chemistry 2nd Edition
– Non-programmable calculator
Question 1
Assume a beaker of pure water has been boiling for 30 minutes. What is in the bubbles in the boiling water?
a. Air. b.Oxygen gas and hydrogen gas. c. Oxygen. d.Water vapor. e. Heat.
Question 2
What is the mass of the solution when 1 pound of salt is dissolved in 20 pounds of water?
a. 19 Pounds. b.20 Pounds. c. Between 20 and 21 pounds. d.21 pounds. e. More than 21 pounds.
Question 3
1) As a candle burns, it gives off light and heat. When a glass rod is held in the yellow part of the flame, a black film forms on the rod.
a) What is the source of the black film on the rod?
b) Is there a chemical change or a physical change in the candle as it burns?
c) Give an example of a chemical change:
d) Give an example of a physical change
Question 4
• There are two identical steel beams. One is placed on each side of a balance. A flame is used to heat one of the steel beams. Does the balance move? If so, how and why?
Question 5• The circle on the left shows a magnified
view of a very small portion of liquid water in a closed container. What would the magnified view on the right show after the water has all evaporated?
Define the following:
• Fact
• Law
• Theory
• Hypothesis
• Model
A testable statement about the natural world that can be used to build more complex inferences and explanations
According to the National Academy of Science, a Hypothesis is:
These definitions (and an excellent explanation of the scientific method) can be found at:
http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/evolution98/
In science, an observation that has been repeatedly confirmed.
According to the National Academy of Science, a Fact is:
A descriptive generalization about how some aspect of the natural world behaves under stated circumstances
How are a fact and a law related?
Can you think of any scientific laws?
According to the National Academy of Science, a Law is:
Some Examples of Laws as stated by Dalton
Law of Conservation of Matter
• In an ordinary chemical reaction matter is neither created nor destroyed.
• The sum of the masses of the reactants equals the sum of the masses of the products.
Law of Constant Composition
• A chemical compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions by mass.
“Laws” Can Be Overturned !
Which Law from previous page is now known to be incorrect ?
Law of Conservation of Matter Law of Constant Composition
The “Law of Constant Composition” also has an older name given by Joseph Proust.
The Law of Definite Proportions
Once a Law has become accepted, it is very difficult to get it convince the scientific community to discard it. Hence, this one still appears in your textbook despite its limitations. This
law is only true for simple, small molecules.
Law of Definite Proportions
Joseph Proust1754-1826
Claude Berthollet1748-1822
Supported LawOpposed Law
But conceded to Proust
For most compounds discussed in Chem 130, Proust was correct !
However, more complex materials violate this Law (for example, LEDs used later in course)Today, Berthollet is believed to be correct! He was vindicated ~160 years after his death!
I also discoveredBleach (NaOCl)
compounds composed of two or more elements in definite proportions
In science, a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that can incorporate facts, laws, inferences, and tested hypotheses. Theories must be falsifiable.
According to the National Academy of Science, a Theory is
According to the National Academy of Science, a Model is
A description or analogy used to help visualize something (as an atom) that cannot be directly observed
Theory vs. Model
• Theory based on facts, evidence
• Model is the picture, an analogy, a way of describing a theory