Slide 1 PRACTICE EOC: Inquiry True: the more trials that are run, the better. But, why? a. errors can average out better b. more people can cause error.

Slide 1 PRACTICE EOC:Inquiry

True: the more trials that are run, the better. But, why?

a. errors can average out better

b. more people can cause error

c. results look better on a graph

d. more constants can be fixed

Slide 2 Inquiry

A new dye was used to make a paint for athletic fields. A scientist wondered if this dye would hurt the grass overseeding later in the season. She hypothesized that the amount of the dye would have some negative effect on grass seed germination.

Study results:

continue…

Test Dye concentration (# tablets/gal. water)

% germ.

A 1 92%

B 2 79%

C 3 71%

D 4 48%

Slide 3 Inquiry

Is her hypothesis supported?

a. Yes; germination occurred in all trials.

b. No; germination worsened as more dye was used.

c. Yes; germination worsened as more dye was used.

d. No; germination occurred in all trials.

Slide 4

Dana and Tiffany were conducting an experiment to determine the effects of exercise on heart rate and blood pressure. After discussing different methods of exercising, they decided to have each test subject climb up and down the steps outside the classroom. Dana wrote down that they would have each person go up and down exactly 12 steps as quickly as possible for three minutes. Why did Dana need to be this specific when she wrote the procedure for the experiment?

a. Dana wanted to control as many unwanted variables as possible.b. Dana didn’t want the subjects going too far from the testing

station.c. Dana wanted to make sure that the subjects could follow

directions.d. Dana wanted to have everything her way.

Inquiry

Slide 5

In science, a hypothesis is useful if

a. it is proven correct.b. it can be proven incorrect.c. it can be tested.d. the explanation is already known

Inquiry

Slide 6 Inquiry

To see chromosomes in a cell, all you need is a ….?

a. magnifying glassb. Dissecting scopec. Compound light microscoped. Electron microscope

Slide 7

Using a 10x eyepiece, you choose to use your oil immersion objective (100x) to view bacteria. Your image is now at a total magnification of

a. 100x. b. 110x. c. 1000x. d. 10000x.

Inquiry

Slide 8 Inquiry

To measure 9.8 mL of liquid best, use a

a. 5 mL test tube.

b. 10 mL graduated cylinder marked at 0.1 mL’s.

c. 10 mL beaker marked at 1 mL’s.

d. 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask marked at 5 mL’s.

Slide 9

It is typical to always plot the _________ of experimental data on the x axis of a graph.

a . constantsb. independent variable

c. controlled variable d. dependent variable

Inquiry

Slide 10

Unused chemicals from a laboratory experiment should be

a. returned to the original container. b. discarded in the sink. c. left for the custodial staff. d. disposed of per directions.

Inquiry

Slide 11 Inquiry

To remove larger insoluble particles from water, just use ___________.

a. osmosis

b. reverse-osmosis

c. a good filter

d. gravitation

Slide 12 Cells

The most significant difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is their

a. presence/absence of a nucleus.b. size.c. shape.d. ability to be mobile.

Slide 13

Where do you find ribosomes?

a. In the nucleusb. On the ER and in the cytosolc. On the smooth ERd. Inside vesicles

Cells

Slide 14 Cells

What would transport successfully a large molecule without the use of ATP?

a. facilitated transportb. active transportc. osmosisd. diffusion

Slide 15

The cell theory states that

a. cells are basic units of structure and function. b. all cells have organelles.c. cells are found in almost all living things. d. lightning and chemicals make cells.

Cells

Slide 16 Cells

Cell differentiation:

a. One bacterium cell produces many bacteria cells.

b. Zygotes are formed from sperm and egg.

c. Tissues and organs grow from a fertilized egg cell.

d. Skin cells reproduce to heal a cut.

Slide 17

The _________ determine the type proteins that an organism’s cells will produce.

a. centromeresb. genesc. chloroplastsd. nucleolus

Cells

Slide 18

What causes cell differentiation to occur when a zygote is forming?

a. Gamete formationb. Mutation of a genec. Nondisjunctiond. Stem cells

Cells

Slide 19 Cells

Cell differentiation results in many types of cells like skin, bone, muscle, heart, liver, etc.

But what would be the same between two different types of cells in the same organism?

a. sizeb. chromosomesc. colord. mitochondrion requirements

Slide 20

The cell’s membrane consists of

a. protein molecules arranged in two layers with polar areas forming the outside of the membrane.

b. two layers of phospholipids organized with the nonpolar tails forming the interior of the membrane.

c. lipid molecules positioned between two carbohydrate layers. d. protein molecules with polar and nonpolar tails.

Cells

Slide 21 Cells

What is osmosis?

a. active transport across the cell membrane.

b. diffusion of water molecules from an area of highconcentration to an area of low concentration.

c. passive transport of solids

d. a form of pinocytosis

Slide 22 Cells

Mitosis can start by

a. pressure.

b. signals from enzymes.

c. pyruvic acids.

d. excess mitochondrial energy

Slide 23 Cells

Chromosomes line up across equator:

a. anaphase

b. prophase I only

c. metaphase I and II

d. telophase

Slide 24 Cells

Interphase:

a. cell grows

b. cytoplasm divides

c. spindle fibers dissolve

d. chromatids pull apart

Slide 25 Cells

Which cells don’t obey regular mitosis signals?

a. cancer cells

b. gamete cells

c. bone cells

d. leukocytes

Slide 26

What’s an organ system ? (best answer)a. tissues working together to do one type job.b. organs working together to do one type job.c. cells working together to do one type job d. Organs working separately to do different jobs.

Cells

Slide 27 Cells

Which is true?

a. The cilia moves a cell.

b. The vacuole destroys incoming bacteria.

c. The nucleus stores surplus water.

d. The mitochondrion produces chemical energy using sunlight.

Slide 28

In facilitated diffusion, molecules pass through the membrane using _____ and is classified as a type of _________.

a. ATP/passive transportb. proteins/passive transportc. water/ active transportd. proteins/active transport

Cells

Slide 29

Active transport uses ____ to pump certain molecules through the membrane ______ the concentration gradient.

a. facilitated transport/against b. proteins/againstc. osmosis/regardless of d. carbohydrates / against

Cells

Slide 30

DNA replicates. Next stage?

a. G2

b. mitosis c. G1 d. Telophase

Cells

Slide 31

Cells that are dividing (mitotic) out of control:

a. spermb. die off.

c. help with growth d. tumor forming

Cells

Slide 32 Cell energy

Aerobic respiration makes all but…

a. carbon dioxideb. waterc. ATPd. ethyl alcohol

Slide 33

In class we see bubbles forming under water on the leaves of an elodea plant. This gas is

a. carbon dioxide. b. water vapor.c. oxygen.d. nitrogen.

Cell energy

Slide 34 Cell energy

What’s the molecule that’s the main energy currency for the cell?

a. ADP b. ATP c. mRNA d. NADP+

Slide 35

ATP releases energy

a. only once. b. as the last phosphate group is removed.

c. when ADPs join. d. when the 3rd phosphate group is added.

Cell energy

Slide 36

Choose the correct sentence:

a. Polysaccharides are made from polymers. b. Proteins make up amino acids

c. All lipids are made of wax. d. Nucleotides make nucleic acids.

Cell energy

Slide 37

What does protein do?

a. Make up most of the cell membrane b. Controls reactions as enzymes

c. makes glycerols d. Splits glucose

Cell energy

Slide 38

For quick energy, you eat or drink

a. proteins. b. carbs. c. water. d. fats.

Cell energy

Slide 39 Cell energy

Enzymes are needed because

a. less energy is then needed for a reaction.b. they heat up reactions.c. the reaction’s final product keeps part of it.d. reactions can slow down.

Slide 40

This is a graph showing the activity of an enzyme making a specific product at a specific pH, but at various temperatures. Based on the data, what results can be predicted if the experiment is carried out at 5°C?

a. No prediction would be valid.b. An amount of product equal to that at 20°C would be formed.c. An amount of product equal to that at 60°C would be formed.d. Little or no product would be formed.

Cell energy

Slide 41

The pH of water exposed to air is slightly acidic. Which of the following is most likely to be the pH of this water?

a. 10.6 b. 7.4 c. 6.5 d. 2.6

Cell energy

Slide 42 Cell energy

Fermentation in muscle:

a. glucose becomes lactic acid and ATP

b. glucose and oxygen become lactic acid and ATP

c. glucose becomes CO2 and ethanol

d. glucose and oxygen become ethanol and CO2

Slide 43 Cell energy

ATP:

a. adenine, deoxyribose sugar, three phosphates

b. adenine, glucose, three phosphates

c. adenine, ribose, three phosphates

d. adenine, glucose, one phosphate

Slide 44 Cell energy

What are the monomers of proteins?

a. amino acids

b. nucleotides

c. simple sugars

d. fats

Slide 45 Heredity

Meiosis creates…

a. diploid cells

b. haploid cells

c. germ cells

d. somatic cells

Slide 46 Heredity

During translation, many of these move from the cytosol to a ribosome…

a. DNA

b. mRNA

c. tRNA

d. rRNA

Slide 47

Sex-linked traits are

a. associated with autosomes.

b. found on sex chromosomes.

c. responsible for Down’s syndrome.

d. only expressed in males.

Heredity

Slide 48

Two major processes happen during protein synthesis. First, _____ occurs in the nucleus, then ______ occurs in the

cytosol.

a. transcription/translationb. translation/translocationc. translocation/transcriptiond. transcription/translocation

Heredity

Slide 49

If a corn plant has a genotype of Tthh, what are the possible gamete forms the pollen could be?

a. Th, th b. TH, thc. TH, TH, thd. TH, TH, th, tH

Heredity

Slide 50

Of these choices, the last stage in the creation of a functional protein is when

a. the mRNA has been made.

b. the new amino acid chain finishes folding.

c. the stop codon arrives.

d. S phase is over.

Heredity

Slide 51

Two major events during meiosis ensure consistent genetic diversity :

a. Anaphase I and II

b. Crossing over / independent assortment

c. Independent assortment / tetrads

d. Nondisjunction / crossing over

Heredity

Slide 52 Heredity

What’s a gene?

a. A cell’s DNA.

b. One whole chromosome that codes for a protein.

c. One part of a chromosome that codes for a protein.

d. One codon that calls one a.a.

Slide 53 Heredity

If a mutation occurs in a gamete cell of an organism, the mutation will (best answer)

a. always cause a disorder in its offspring.

b. change the organism’s DNA all over.

c. cause a chromosomal nondisjunction.

d. be inherited by the offspring.

Slide 54

One human disease is caused by a change in one codon in a gene, from GAC to GUC (one base pair has mutated).This disease is the result of

a. point mutation.

b. nondisjunction.

c. crossing over

d. frameshift mutation.

Heredity

Slide 55 Heredity

S phase: DNA separates. What attaches to it now?

a. mRNA

b. DNA nucleotides

c. RNA Polymerase

d. tRNA

Slide 56 Heredity

Why do tiger lilies and daylilies look the same?

a. in same environments b. common genesc. have bulbs d. have the same DNA bases

Slide 57 Heredity

Some tRNA anticodons:

5’ ACC-AUG-GUU 3’

The mRNA codons that called them:

a. 5’ ACC-AUG-GUU 3’

b. 3’ TGG-TAC-CAA 5’

c. 3’ UGG-UAC-CAA 5’

d. 5’ TGG-TAC-CAA 3’

Slide 58 Heredity

DNA:

AAGCTGACT

Complementary DNA:

a. TTCGACTGA

b. TTGCAGTCA

c. UUGCACUGA

d. UUGCTCUCT

Slide 59

Which of the following sequences represents chromosome number during germ cell to gamete formation in the testes of a male mammal?

a. n + n → 2n b. 2n → n+n+n+n c. n → n + n

d. 2n → 2n + 2n

Heredity

Slide 60 Heredity

This commands protein synthesis, but is not directly involved in protein’s assembly:

a. DNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. mRNA

Slide 61 Heredity

A family pedigree shows “Disease Q”. Not all generations get it.Guys get it much more than females.

Which type of trait is “Disease Q”?

a. dominant, sex-linked

b. recessive, sex-linked

c. dominant, autosomal

d. recessive, autosomal

Slide 62 Heredity

heterozygous dominant male crosses with a recessive female.

Phenotypic ratio?

a. 1:1

b. 3:1

c. 1:0

d. 2:1

Slide 63

Which of the following best describes meiosis?

a. It is carried out in all tissues that require cell replacement.

b. It happens in all tissues except the brain and spinal cord.

c. It is the first stage of mitosis.

d. It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of the organism.

Heredity

Slide 64 Heredity

RNA is like DNA how?

a. both have thymine

b. each have sugar/phosphate.

c. they are both double stranded

d. each have ribose

Slide 65

Diploid Chromosome #’s

Goldfish 94

Potato 48

Human 46

Pea 14

Fruit fly 8

Which of the following responses below is the best explanation for why the chromosome number is an even number in each of these organisms.

Heredity

a. It is only a coincidence; most other organisms have an odd number of chromosomes.b. The diploid chromosome number is even because of mitosis.c. The diploid chromosome number represents pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, so it is an even number.d. Chromosome numbers double in cells every time the cells divide; after the first division, it’s always even.

Slide 66 Heredity

A mutation affecting heritable traits can be in a

a. gamete

b. skin cell

c. blood cell

d. kidney cell

Slide 67

In certain breeds of dogs, deafness is due to a recessive allele (d) of a particular gene, and normal hearing is due to a dominant allele (D).

What percentage of the offspring of a normal heterozygous dog (Dd) and a normal homozygous dog (DD) would be expected to have normal hearing?

a. 0% b. 25% c. 75% d. 100%

Heredity

Slide 68 Evolution

According to this phylogenictree, which two “leaves” have the most recentcommon ancestor??

a. B and Cb. D and Ec. B and Dd. F and G

Slide 69

Phylogenic trees can be constructed by assuming that anatomical differences decrease between species as you go back in time. So, if the anatomy is very similar, then ________a pair of species shares a common ancestor.

a. the less likelyb. the more recentlyc. the less one can assume d. the more impossible

Evolution

Slide 70

The Baleen whales’ skeletons possess proportionately small bones near the tail that are believed to have been hip bones in the past. This is an example of

a. a mutant whale.

b. vestigial structures.

c. genetic isolation.

d. cartilage.

Evolution

Slide 71 Evolution

Two different populations of large flightless birds live in Africa and South America (ostriches and rheas). These birds may have once been part of the same population before the motion of plate tectonics separated the continents. This is an example of

a. speciation.

b. mutation.

c. genetic drift.

d. genetic equilibrium.

Slide 72 Evolution

Some bacteria can survive sub-zero temperatures. Why?

a. artificial breeding.

b. adaptation

c. symbiosis

d. genetic drift

Slide 73 Evolution

Mr. Smith sprays an herbicide to kill a certain weed in his garden. 98% die. 2% live and reproduce. Eventually, his garden is weedy again even after continuous spraying. What is going on?

a. Not following label directions

b. Macroevolution

c. Gradual extinction

d. Microevolution

Slide 74 Evolution

Which statement best describes the outcome of asexual reproduction?

a. Genetic variation hardy offspring.

b. Offspring genetically = parent.

c. Crossing over ↑ diversity of offspring.

d. Offspring are characteristically different from parents.

Slide 75

You wish to become a biologist that concentrates on evolutionary research. Which fields are you most likely to rely upon for research and data?

a. Physics and archaeologyb. Paleontology and biochemistryc. Chemistry and radiologyd. Mathematics and statistics

Evolution

Slide 76

The nucleic acids that are found in bacteria, grasses, and insects

a. are structured much differently in each organism.

b. can be made up of hundreds of different types of bases.

c. are made the same way, with the same four base codes.

d. are not found in higher animals.

Evolution

Slide 77

If two types of organisms cannot genetically produce reproducible offspring between each other, they are said to be

a. isolated.

b. different species.

c. compatible.

d. fertile.

Evolution

Slide 78

Mutations within a DNA sequence are

a. natural processes that always affect the phenotype. b. unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype. c. unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity. d. natural processes that produce genetic diversity.

Evolution

Slide 79 Evolution

An arctic wolf species is small in number. Then, the environment changes rapidly. What happens?

a. The wolf adjusts adequately.

b. The wolf has more litters.

c. The wolf becomes vegetarian.

d. The wolf could become extinct.

Slide 80

Scientists found that, over a period of 200 years, a mountain pond was transformed into a meadow. During that time, several communities of organisms were replaced by different communities. Which of these best explains why new communities were able to replace older communities?

a. The original species became extinct. b. Species in the older community died from old age. c. The abiotic characteristics of the habitat changed. d. Diseases that killed the older organisms disappeared.

Evolution

Slide 81 Evolution

Biochemists study evolution by…

a. Looking at embryos

b. finding fossils

c. comparing parts of organisms

d. finding common DNA

Slide 82

In order to reach genetic equilibrium and have NO further evolution take place, the following conditions must be met, EXCEPT:

a. The population must be VERY large (no genetic drift occurs).

b. There must be no movement into or out of the population.

c. There must be random mating.

d. Mutations must be random.

Evolution

Slide 83

Which of these explains the role plants play in the carbon cycle?

a. Plants release much more carbon dioxide than they use.

b. Plants release nitrogen into the atmosphere.

c. Plants absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.

d. d. Plants use carbon deposits in the soil to create carbon dioxide.

Evolution

Slide 84 Evolution

The spiked paired leaves of a Venus fly trap plant and the leaves of a pitcher plant perform very different functions for each plant. Being leaves, however, they are said to be

a. from different ancestorsb. homologous structuresc. coevolutionary structuresd. analogous structures

Slide 85 Evolution

One reason the study of ancient life cannot show us all past living organisms is because

a. most fossils are from present day organisms. b. many organisms had soft bodies.

c. bones only last a few years. d. all fossils are under water.

Slide 86 Ecology

The population density of resurrection fern is greatest at the upper canopy of dense jungle trees. Why is there none at the forest floor?

a. not enough light

b. too dry

c. food supply low

d. animals graze there

Slide 87 Ecology

While on the nature trail, a student turns over a rotted log. Fungi, termites, pill bugs, ants, slugs, and earthworms are observed living in and around the log.

Collectively, just these organisms represent a

a. community. b. population.c. biome. d. species.

Slide 88 Ecology

A doctor prescribed leach therapy (purposefully allowing leaches to remove blood) for a person suffering from a blood disorder, resulting in the person being helped. This would then be an example of

a. predation. b. parasitism. c. mutualism. d. commensalism.

Slide 89 Ecology

Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms?

a. herbivores b. producers c. parasites and viruses d. fungi and bacteria

Slide 90 Ecology

A glacier finally melts away. Which order of succession is most likely?

a. Trees, lichens, shrubs, grasses

b. Lichens, shrubs, trees, grasses

c. Lichens, grasses, shrubs, trees

d. Trees, ferns, shrubs, grasses

Slide 91

The carrying capacity of a population in an ecosystem is

a. the average rate at which individuals in the population die off.

b. the amount of animals the entire biome sustains.

c. an average maximum number of individuals of a population that an ecosystem supports.

d. d. how an ecosystem can carry a population to another ecosystem.

Ecology

Slide 92 Ecology

You create an ecosystem in class by putting grass, grasshoppers, and a lizard in an aquarium, and put it in darkness. What won’t happen?

a. Digestion

b. Decomposition

c. Photosynthesis

d. Decay

Slide 93

In a pond, 1) the primary producer is a green alga, Spirogyra, 2) the primary consumer is the crustacean, Daphnia, 3) the secondary consumer is a small fish, the bluegill, and 4) the tertiary consumer is a larger fish, the smallmouth bass. What changes can be expected in the pond if the Daphnia are killed with pesticides?

• The Spirogyra population will probably die. • The bluegill population will not be affected.• The smallmouth bass population will not be affected. • The smallmouth bass population will suffer.

Ecology

Slide 94 Ecology

What maintains levels of O2?

a. Photosynthesis / transpiration

b. Photosynthesis / respiration

c. Evaporation

d. Breathing of animals

Slide 95

Which of the following statements about succession is correct?

a. Secondary succession occurs where no soil exists.b. Primary succession occurs in areas where soil remains after a

disturbance.c. Secondary succession can occur where a disturbance has left

soil intact.d. Secondary succession begins with pioneer species,

primary succession does not.

Ecology

Slide 96 Ecology

Nitrogen can enter the soil as liquid waste from animals. How is nitrogen recycled?

a. The nitrogen is eventually released back into the air by bacteria.

b. The nitrogen is eaten by grubs.

c. Bacteria break down roots.

d. Animals absorb nitrogen through skin.