Slide 1 of 20 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall “…to every beast of the earth, to every bird of the air, and to everything that creeps on the earth, in which.

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Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

“…to every beast of the earth, to every bird of the air, and to everything that creeps on the earth,

in which there is life, I have given every green herb for food…”

Genesis 1:30

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Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

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Links on Cell Theory

Click the SciLinks button for links on the cell theory.

- Discovering CellsSources of energy

-Photosynthesis: The process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food

-Autotrophs: An organism that makes its own food.

-Heterotroph: An organism that cannot make its own food.

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- Discovering Cells

The two stages of photosynthesis

During photosynthesis, plants and some other organisms use energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugars.

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Chemical Energy and ATP

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- Discovering Cells

Stage 1: Capturing the sun’s energy

-Pigments: color chemicals that absorb light

-Chlorophyl main pigment in Chloroplasts

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- Discovering Cells

Stage 2: Using Energy to make food

-Water

-Carbon Dioxide

-Stomata- small openings on the underside of leaves.

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- Discovering Cells

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- Discovering Cells

The photosynthesis equation.

-6 Carbon Dioxide + 6Water +(energy)= a Sugar + 6Oxygen

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Observing Stomata

MaterialsLeafNail PolishTapeMicroscope SlideMicroscope

Procedure1.Paint a small section of the underside of a leaf with nail polish.

2. After it dries place a piece of tape over the area, pull and place specimen on slide.

3. Observe under the microscope and sketch what you see.

4. Clean Up

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- Discovering Cells

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- Discovering Cells

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- Discovering Cells

What is Respiration?-

Respiration: is the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose.

Storing and releasing energy

-During photosynthesis, plants save the energy as sugar and carbohydrates.

-like savings account…

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- Discovering Cells

Breathing and respiration

1. Breathing

2. Cellular respiration

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- Discovering Cells

Two stages of Respiration

Stage 1: -In cytoplasm.-molecules of glucose breaks down into smaller molecules. -No oxygen involved. -Small amount of energy results.

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- Discovering CellsTwo stages of Respiration

Stage 2: -In Mitochondria. -Small molecules broken down to even smaller molecules.-Those chemical reactions require oxygen. -Produce lots of energy.

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The Respiration EquationThe Respiration Equation

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Comparing Photosynthesis and Respiration

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- Discovering CellsFermentation

-Provides energy for cells without using oxygen

-Alcoholic fermentation: yeast, alcohol is a product, and carbon dioxide.

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- Discovering CellsFermentation

-Lactic acid fermentation: Human body, no oxygen.

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Cancer

-Cancer is a disease in which cells grow and divide uncontrollably,

-More than 100 types of cancer.

-Cancer is often named by the place it’s first found.

-Lung cancer is leading cause of cancer deaths in US

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How cancer begins

-Damage in a portion of DNA in a chromosome.

-Mutation: change in DNA

-Cancer begins when mutations disrupt the normal cell cycle.

-Tumor: a mass of abnormal cells that grows

uncontrollably

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How Cancer spreads

-Cells become more abnormal as they divide.

-Cancerous cells may break off and enter blood stream, thus spreading

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-Treating and preventing cancer

-Three common ways: Surgery, Radiation, and Drugs

-Surgery is usually best treatment if detected tumor before spreading

-Radiation is used if cancer spread or can’t be removed,

-Chemotherapy: use of drugs to treat disease, via blood stream

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-Preventing cancer.

-Avoid smoking, eat healthy, and protect skin from bright sunlight

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Slide 1 of 20 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall “…to every beast of the earth, to every bird of the air, and to everything that creeps on the earth, in which.

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