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Slide 1
Slide 2
Slide 1 Computers Are Your Future Chapter 7 and 8 Input/Output
and Storage
Slide 3
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 2 What You Will Learn About The
purpose of special keys and the most frequently used pointing
devices Input devices used to get audio and digital data into the
computer The characteristics of a monitors quality and the various
types of monitors The two major types of printers The difference
between memory and storage
Slide 4
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 3 What You Will Learn About The
categories of storage devices The performance characteristics of
hard drives How data is stored on both hard and floppy disks The
various optical storage media available for personal computers
Slide 5
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 4 Input Input is any data entered
into the computers memory. Types of input include: Data Unorganized
information (words, numbers, images, or sounds) that the computer
converts to meaningful information Software Programs transferred
from storage devices to the computers memory Commands Instructions
that tell the computer what to do Responses Prompts requiring user
feedback
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 6 Keyboard The keyboard allows the
computer user to enter words, numbers, punctuation, symbols, and
special function commands into the computers memory.
Slide 8
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 7 Enhanced / Extended Keyboard
Ergonomic Keyboard Types of Keyboards Enhanced or Extended keyboard
Typically 101 keys laid out in the QWERTY fashion; connected to the
computer by a cable Cordless keyboard Uses infrared or radio wave
signals Ergonomic keyboard Designed to help prevent cumulative
trauma disorder (CTD) or damage to nerve tissues in the wrist and
hand due to repeated motion
Slide 9
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 8 The Mouse The mouse is the most
widely used pointing device. A mouse is palm sized. As the mouse is
moved, its movements are mirrored by the on- screen pointer.
Slide 10
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 9 Wheel Mouse Cordless Mouse Types
of Mice Wheel mouse Contains a rotating wheel used to scroll
vertically within a text document; connects to PS/2 port or USB
port Cordless mouse Uses infrared signals to connect to the
computers IrDA port; it must be within sight of the receiving
port
Slide 11
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 10 Using the Mouse Mouse buttons
enable the user to initiate actions. Clicking (left-, right-, or
double-clicking) allows the user to select an item on the screen or
open a program or dialog box Click and drag Holding down the left
mouse button and moving the mouse enables the user to move objects
on the screen
Slide 12
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 11 Joystick Touch Pad Touch Screen
Trackball Pointing Stick Pen Other Types of Pointing Devices
Slide 13
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 12 Audio Input Computers can accept
input from a microphone. An expansion card called a sound card
records and plays back sound files. Sound files contain digitized
sound data. Popular sound file formats include: Windows WAV Moving
Pictures Expert Group (MPEG) MP2 and MP3 Musical Instrument Digital
Interface (MIDI)
Slide 14
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 13 Audio Input: Speech Recognition
Speech recognition is a type of input in which the computer
recognizes words spoken into a microphone. Special software and a
microphone are required. Latest technology uses continuous speech
recognition where the user does not have to pause between
words.
Slide 15
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 14 Digital Cameras Digital Video
Click on the picture to play the video. Digital Input: Digital
Cameras and Digital Video
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 16 Digital Cameras The images light
falls on a charge-coupled device (CCD) which transforms the lights
patterns into pixels (individual dots). Images are stored in the
camera using flash memory. The most popular types are CompactFlash
and SmartMedia. Photo-editing programs enable the user to edit the
images.
Slide 18
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 17 Digital Video A video capture
board transforms analog video into digital video. Digital video
cameras use digital technologies to record video images. A Web cam
is a low resolution video camera. Web cam Digital video camera
Slide 19
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 18 Output Devices: Engaging our
Senses Output devices are peripheral devices that enable us to view
or hear the computers processed data. Visual output Text, graphics,
and video Audio output Sounds, music, and synthesized speech
Slide 20
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 19 Monitors A monitor is a
peripheral device which displays computer output on a screen.
Screen output is referred to as soft copy. Types of monitors:
Cathode-ray tube (CRT) Cathode-ray tube (CRT) Liquid Crystal
Display (LCD or flat-panel) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD or
flat-panel) CRT LCD
Slide 21
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 20 Cathode-ray tube (CRT) Resemble
televisions Use picture tube technology Less expensive than a LCD
monitor Take up more desk space and use more energy than LCD
monitors
Slide 22
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 21 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
Cells sandwiched between two transparent layers form images Used
for notebook computers, PDAs, cellular phones, and personal
computers More expensive than a CRT monitor Take up less desk space
and use less energy than CRT monitors Types of LCD monitors:
Passive-matrix LCD Active-matrix LCD Gas plasma display Field
emission display
Slide 23
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 22 Monitor Specifications Screen
size The diagonal measurement of the screen surface in inches (15,
17, 19, 21) Resolution The sharpness of the image determined by the
number of horizontal and vertical dots (pixels) that the screen can
display (800 x 600, 1024 x 768, 1600 x 1200)
Slide 24
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 23 Printers A printer is a
peripheral device that produces a physical copy or hard copy of the
computers output.
Slide 25
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 24 Inkjet Laser Types of Printers
Inkjet printer, also called a bubble-jet, makes characters by
inserting dots of ink onto paper Letter-quality printouts Cost of
printer is inexpensive but ink is costly Laser printer works like a
copier Quality determined by dots per inch (dpi) produced Color
printers available Expensive initial costs but cheaper to operate
per page
Slide 26
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 25 Plotter A plotter is a printer
that uses a pen that moves over a large revolving sheet of paper.
It is used in engineering, drafting, map making, and
seismology.
Slide 27
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 26 WMAMIDIMP3WAV Beethoven 1:15 min
Rocky 2:56 min Hornsby 48 sec Cheers 15 sec Click an icon to play
music. Click the icon again to stop playing. Try clicking on Cheers
while playing music. Audio Output: Sound Cards and Speakers Audio
output is the ability of the computer to output sound. Two
components are needed: Sound card Plays contents of digitized
recordings Speakers Attach to sound card
Slide 28
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 27 Hard Drive storage RAM memory
Memory vs. Storage Storage, also known as mass media or auxiliary
storage, refers to the various media on which a computer system can
store data. Storage devices hold programs and data in units called
files. Memory is a temporary workplace where the computer transfers
the contents of a file while it is being used.
Slide 29
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 28 Why Is Storage Necessary?
Storage devices: Retain data when the computer is turned off Are
cheaper than memory Play an important role during startup Are
needed for output
Slide 30
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 29 Storage Devices Storage devices
are categorized by: The type of operations they perform The method
they use to access the information The technology they use Their
location in the storage hierarchy Their capacity and speed
Slide 31
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 30 Sequential vs. Random Access
Storage Sequential Storage devices that read and write data in a
serial (one after the other) fashion Random-Access Storage devices
that read and write data without going through a sequence of
locations Tape Drive sequential storage Hard Disk random-access
storage Floppy Disk Drive random-access storage
Slide 32
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 31 Storage Technologies: Magnetic
and Optical Magnetic Storage devices use disks or tapes that are
coated with magnetically sensitive material Magnetic Optical
Storage devices that use laser beams to read patterns etched into
plastic disks Optical Magnetic Storage Optical Storage CD/DVD
drive
Slide 33
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 32 Track Sector Cluster Magnetic
Disk Storage A disk is formatted; it is divided into tracks and
sectors, and a file allocation table (FAT) is created. Track
circular band Sector pie shaped section Cluster two or more
adjacent sectors FAT keeps track of specific locations of
files
Slide 34
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 33 Optical Disk Storage Microscopic
indentations called pits scatter the laser beams light. A
light-sensing device receives no light from the pits. A signal is
sent to the computer corresponding to a 0 in the binary system.
Flat, reflective areas, called lands, bounce the light back to the
light sensing device, which sends a signal corresponding to a 1.
Cross-section of a disk Disk surface magnified
Slide 35
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 34 The Storage Hierarchy The three
levels of storage hierarchy are: Online storage Also called primary
storage, it is made up of the storage devices that are actively
available to the computer system. User action is not required.
Near-online storage Also called secondary storage, it is not
readily available to the computer system. The user performs an
action, such as inserting a disk, to make it available. Offline
storage Also called tertiary storage or archival storage, it is not
readily available to the computer system. Devices such as tape
backup units store data for archival purposes.
Slide 36
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 35 Floppy DiskHard DriveCD ROM /
DVD Capacity 720 KB to 1.44 MB Access Time 100ms Capacity Up to 80
GB Access Time 6 to 12ms Capacity CD-ROM 650 MB; DVD 17 GB Access
Time 80 to 800ms Storage Capacity and Speed A storage devices
performance is measured by: Capacity The number of bytes of data
that a device can hold Access Time The amount of time, in
milliseconds (ms), it takes the device to begin reading data
Slide 37
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 36 Platter Read/Write head Hard
Disks Hard disks are high-speed, high-capacity storage devices.
They contain metal disks called platters. They contain two or more
stacked platters with read/write heads for each side. Hard disks
can be divided into partitions to enable computers to work with
more than one operating system.
Slide 38
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 37 Factors Affecting a Hard Disks
Performance Seek time or positioning performance How quickly the
read/write head positions itself and begins transferring
information. It is measured in milliseconds (ms). Spindle speed or
transfer performance How quickly the drive transfers data. It is
measured in rotations per minute (RPM).
Slide 39
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 38 Floppy and Zip Disks and Drives
A disk or diskette is a portable storage medium. High-density
floppy disks that are commonly used today store 1.44 MB of data.
Disks work with a disk drive. Zip disks store up to 750 MB of data
and are not downwardly compatible with floppy disks. Zip Drive
Floppy Drive Click on the picture to see it work. Floppy Disk
Slide 40
Performance Enhancement for HD 200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide
39
Slide 41
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 40 CD-ROM Discs and Drives CD-ROM
stands for Compact Disc- Read Only Memory. CD-ROM drives can not
write data to discs. They are capable of storing 650 MB of data.
They are used for storing operating systems, large application
programs, and multimedia programs.
Slide 42
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 41 CD-R and CD-RW Discs and
Recorders CD-R Discs can be read and written to Discs can only be
written to once CD-R drives are capable of reading and writing data
CD-RW Discs can be read and written to Discs are erasable Discs can
be written to many times CD-RW drives are capable of reading,
writing, and erasing data
Slide 43
200 Prentice-Hall, IncSlide 42 DVD-ROM Discs and Drives DVD
stands for Digital Video Disc. DVD technology is similar to CD- ROM
technology. DVDs are capable of storing up to 17GB of data. The
data transfer rate of DVD drives is comparable to that of hard disk
drives. DVD-R and DVD-RW drives have the ability to read/write
data.