Sleep ION Program Summer 2013. electroencephalogram - EEG - record of the electrical activity of many neurons directly under the electrode - on the surface.

Sleep

ION Program Summer 2013

electroencephalogram - EEG - record of the electrical activityof many neurons directly under the electrode - on the surface of

cortex. This record is made from outside the skin.

Slide from Chris Goode, PhD, PSYC 1100: Natural Sciences Aspect of Psychology, Week 9: Consciousness Spring 2008

We define sleep stages by the kinds of EEG waves seen at each stage

Slide from Chris Goode, PhD, PSYC 1100: Natural Sciences Aspect of Psychology, Week 9: Consciousness Spring 2008

We go through several cycles of sleep each night

Slide from Chris Goode, PhD, PSYC 1100: Natural Sciences Aspect of Psychology, Week 9: Consciousness Spring 2008

Sleeping patterns change with age

Slide from Chris Goode, PhD, PSYC 1100: Natural Sciences Aspect of Psychology, Week 9: Consciousness Spring 2008

Two Biological Clocks in the Brain

Slide from Chris Goode, PhD, PSYC

1100: Natural Sciences Aspect of

Psychology, Week 9:

Consciousness Spring 2008

Our daily cycle (circadian rhythm) is determined in part by the SCN(suprachiasmatic nucleus) in the hypothalamus

Slide from Chris Goode, PhD, PSYC 1100: Natural Sciences Aspect of Psychology, Week 9: Consciousness Spring 2008

Consequences of Lack of Sleep

•Limits your ability to concentrate and solve problems*

•Increase acne*

•Lead to aggressive or inappropriate behavior*

•100,000 Driving Accidents and 1,500 deaths each year from driving drowsy**

*According to National Sleep Foundation

** According to the National Highway Safety Transportation Administration

WHY do we sleep?

rest/restoration hypothesis we sleep to replenish energy, repair tissues

evidence: marathon runners spend more time in deep sleep for 2 nights after

Slide from Chris Goode, PhD, PSYC 1100: Natural Sciences Aspect of Psychology, Week 9: Consciousness Spring 2008

“adaptive” or preservation/protection theory: it’s dangerous out there; you’re safer if you spend some timehidden and unconscious

evidence:

large herbivores who must eat constantly and have trouble hiding sleep LESS - giraffes = 20 min at time 2-3x per day

animals with few natural predators sleep more - lions

smaller animals that don’t need to graze sleep more - batsSlide from Chris Goode, PhD, PSYC 1100:

Natural Sciences Aspect of Psychology, Week 9: Consciousness Spring 2008

Memory Consolidation?• Sleep helps to strengthen or

“consolidate” new memories in the brain

• Rats spend more time in REM sleep after learning new tasks

• If deprived of REM sleep, weaker recall

• Some of these results inconsistent

• Babies and Infants more time in REM Sleep

• Dolphins don’t experience REM