Sleep and Dreams Chapter 5, Section 2. We spend about 1/3 of our lives sleeping. Circadian Rhythms – biological clocks that govern our bodily changes.

Sleep and Dreams Sleep and Dreams Chapter 5, Section Chapter 5, Section 22

We spend about 1/3 of our lives We spend about 1/3 of our lives sleeping.sleeping.

Circadian Rhythms – biological Circadian Rhythms – biological clocks that govern our bodily clocks that govern our bodily changes like temperature, blood changes like temperature, blood pressure and sleepiness.pressure and sleepiness.

Humans operate on a 24 hour Humans operate on a 24 hour sleep-wake cycle. However, sleep-wake cycle. However, if timing cues are not present if timing cues are not present (like clocks or sun positioning) (like clocks or sun positioning) the cycle expands to 25 hours the cycle expands to 25 hours according to studies.according to studies.

Stages of SleepStages of SleepMeasured by brain wave Measured by brain wave

patterns on an EEGpatterns on an EEGBeta wavesBeta wavesAlpha wavesAlpha wavesTheta waves Theta waves Delta wavesDelta waves

Stage 1 Stage 1 lightest sleeplightest sleep brain waves slow from brain waves slow from alpha to thetaalpha to theta

Images that resemble Images that resemble vivid photosvivid photos

If not awakened, you will If not awakened, you will remain in this stage for 30-remain in this stage for 30-40 minutes40 minutes

Stages 2,3 and 4Stages 2,3 and 4Deeper stages of sleepDeeper stages of sleep

After being in stage 4 for After being in stage 4 for about 30 minutes, you about 30 minutes, you move back to stage 3, 2 move back to stage 3, 2 and 1and 1

Rapid Eye Movement (REM)Rapid Eye Movement (REM)Another stageAnother stageIrregular breathingIrregular breathingRise in blood pressureRise in blood pressureFaster heart beatFaster heart beatFaster brain wavesFaster brain waves

As the night goes on, As the night goes on, REM sessions get longerREM sessions get longer

On average, people will go On average, people will go through these stages 5 through these stages 5 times or 5 cycles.times or 5 cycles.

Why Sleep?Why Sleep?Gives your body a chance Gives your body a chance

to recover to be able to to recover to be able to resist infectionresist infection

Helpful in relieving stressHelpful in relieving stress

If you are well rested:If you are well rested:You will be able to focus You will be able to focus betterbetter

You will be able to learn and You will be able to learn and remember more.remember more.

You will be able to think more You will be able to think more clearlyclearly

People or Animals deprived People or Animals deprived of only REM sleep:of only REM sleep:Learned slowlyLearned slowlyForgot quickerForgot quickerWill catch up on REM the Will catch up on REM the next time they sleptnext time they slept

REM sleep is important for REM sleep is important for the brain development of the brain development of infants and brain exercise of infants and brain exercise of adults.adults.

DreamsDreamsMost dreaming occurs Most dreaming occurs

during REM sleep. These during REM sleep. These dreams are more vivid and dreams are more vivid and seem more real than those seem more real than those in Non-REM sleep.in Non-REM sleep.

Often times people are Often times people are unable to hold onto unable to hold onto information from one state information from one state of consciousness to of consciousness to another. This is why we another. This is why we can’t remember our dreams.can’t remember our dreams.

Freud believed that your Freud believed that your dreams are what you really dreams are what you really want subconsciously. However want subconsciously. However some of them are painful or some of them are painful or unacceptable this is why they unacceptable this is why they appear in dreams.appear in dreams.

Biological View Biological View Neurons in your brain are Neurons in your brain are firing in parts of your brain firing in parts of your brain that control movement and that control movement and vision. vision.

During a dream, your brain is During a dream, your brain is trying to make sense of them.trying to make sense of them.

Most psychologists agree Most psychologists agree that there is no definite that there is no definite way to interpret dreams.way to interpret dreams.

Sleep ProblemsSleep Problems Insomnia – inability to sleepInsomnia – inability to sleep

Sometimes caused by Sometimes caused by stressstress

Can be controlled by Can be controlled by medication however…….medication however…….

Psychologists recommend Psychologists recommend the following:the following:Tense your muscles one Tense your muscles one at a time then releaseat a time then release

Avoid worryingAvoid worrying

Establish a routineEstablish a routineUse pleasant images to Use pleasant images to relaxrelax

Nightmares Nightmares Brought on by an Brought on by an upsetting eventupsetting event

Anxiousness or Anxiousness or depressiondepression

Occur during REM sleepOccur during REM sleep

Night TerrorsNight TerrorsMore severe than More severe than nightmaresnightmares

People have racing hearts, People have racing hearts, gasping for air, thrashgasping for air, thrash

Occur during stages 3 or 4Occur during stages 3 or 4

SleepwalkingSleepwalkingMore likely to occur in More likely to occur in children. May reflect children. May reflect immaturity of the nervous immaturity of the nervous systemsystem

Sleep Apnea – interrupted Sleep Apnea – interrupted breathing that occurs during breathing that occurs during sleepsleepBlocked air passagesBlocked air passages10 million people have it.10 million people have it.Use a nasal mask w/ air flowUse a nasal mask w/ air flow

Narcolepsy – suddenly fall Narcolepsy – suddenly fall asleep no matter what time asleep no matter what time it is or where you are.it is or where you are.Controlled by medicationControlled by medicationThought to be a genetic Thought to be a genetic disorderdisorder