SLAVERY, SECTIONALISM, BALANCE? VIDEO Debate over Missouris admission as a state threatens the balance of power. What were the issues at hand? Why was this seen as such an important issue? Missouri Compromise of 1820 SSOLUTION: Maine will be admitted as a free state Missouri will be admitted as a slave state TThis keeps the balance at 12:12. SSouthern Boundary of Missouri set as the northernmost boundary of slavery TTrue compromise: nobody very happy with result! DDespite conflict over slavery, NATIONALISM prevails, for now. HHow does this show the growing abolition movement in the North? Jeffersons Reaction 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 4 ...but this momentous question, like a fire bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it at once as the knell of the Union. it is hushed indeed for the moment. but this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence. a geographical line, coinciding with a marked principle, moral and political, once conceived and held up to the angry passions of men, will never be obliterated; and every new irritation will mark it deeper and deeper. Sectionalism and Nationalism 5 Chief Justice John Marshall (National Archives) Marshall and the Court Implied Powers Confirmed Federal Primacy Established McCulloch v. Maryland Gibbons v. Ogden THINK ABOUT. How did they promote Nationalism? Article 1, Sec.8, clause 18 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 6 The Congress shall have Power - To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer there of. McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819 ISSUE: Can the state of MD tax the national bank? DECISION: Federal government: CAN create the national bank (due to implied powers) AND the state of MD CANNOT tax the bank b/c the power to tax implies the power to destroy & a power to create implies a power to preserve HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Marshall creates the legal theory of loose constructionism with this decision. Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824 ISSUE: Can one state (NY) control interstate commerce (by granting a monopoly to a ferry company). DECISION: No, only Congress may control interstate commerce. HISTORICAL DECISION: Affirms the Constitution, power of federal government, and limits the states rights re: commerce. JOHN MARSHALL & the SUPREME COURT Federalists may be dead, but FEDERALISM and NATIONALISM are alive and well!!! Court and the Tribes 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 10 Johnson v. McIntosh People cant take tribal lands, but the government CAN Worcester v. Georgia Only FEDERAL government can regulate access to Cherokee land Tribal Rights/Sovereignty Affirmed Latin America and the Monroe Doctrine 11 What was Happening in Latin America? The Monroe Doctrine What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine? Why did Adams and Monroe think it was necessary? The American continents henceforth are not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European Powers - James Monroe Latin American Revolutions 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 12 The Revival of Opposition 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 13 The Revival of Opposition Political Partisan Divisions Not whether to expand, but how to expand The Corrupt Bargain VIDEO Disputed Election What was the Bargain? 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 14 John Quincy Adams 15 Diplomatic Frustrations Congress wouldnt let him get anything done The Tariff of Abominations Meant to protect New England industry Hurt Southern economy How? The American System Tariff National Bank Subsidies for internal improvements John Quincy Adams (Library of Congress) Jackson Triumphant 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 16 Dirty election Called Jackson a murderer Rachel Jackson a bigamist Era of the Common Man 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 17 Chapter 9: Jacksonian America The Rise of Mass Politics Andrew Jackson Travels to Washington (Library of Congress) Jackson Inaugurated King Mob Era of Common man 2010? 19 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. First Inaugural Address of Andrew Jackson W EDNESDAY, MARCH 4, 1829 (Excerpt) The recent demonstration of public sentiment inscribes on the list of Executive duties, in characters too legible to be overlooked, the task of reform, which will require particularly the correction of those abuses that have brought the patronage of the Federal Government into conflict with the freedom of elections, and the counteraction of those causes which have disturbed the rightful course of appointment and have placed or continued power in unfaithful or incompetent hands. In the performance of a task thus generally delineated I shall endeavor to select men whose diligence and talents will insure in their respective stations able and faithful cooperation, depending for the advancement of the public service more on the integrity and zeal of the public officers than on their numbers. 1). What are his goals/what will he change? 2). Whom is he criticizing? 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 21 The Expanding Electorate Voting Rights Expanded How did they change? The Dorr Rebellion R.I. rebellion for expanded suffrage Politics Reformed % of white votes: 1824 27% 1828 58% 1840 80% 22 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Rise of Mass Politics The Legitimization of Party The Two-Party System Whigs and Democrats President of the Common Man The Spoils System Kitchen Cabinet 23 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. To the victors belong the spoils. William L. Marcy Rise of Van Buren Martin Van Buren (Library of Congress) In the Kitchen Cabinet. Peggy ONeale/John Eaton Affair What was the issue here? 24 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Webster-Hayne Debate States Rights versus National Power Outlines future split between North/South Secessionists/Unionists Hayne States rights Webster - Nationalism 25 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Our Federal Union - It must be preserved. - Andrew Jackson The Union - next to our Liberty most dear. - John Calhoun Two Arguments Liberty first and Union afterwards or Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable Which is correct? Incorrect/Backward? Why? Are the arguments so different that they cannot be reconciled? South Carolina Rebels Calhoun leaves Vice-Pres. & becomes embittered against Jackson & nationalism SUPPORTS NULLIFICATION! 1832 Tariff increases the tariff amount which SC declares void. Force Bill (1833)- Pres. Jackson authorized to use military to enforce the Tariff FORCE BILL Henry Clay solves problem for NOW LESSON: No state alone could defy the Federal Govt. The Removal of the Indians White Attitudes toward the Tribes How were attitudes changing? The Black Hawk War Treated the Native brutally Convinced Americans they need to be removed from the West 28 Black Hawk (Library of Congress) Removal of Native Americans Cherokee, Choctaw, Seminole, Creek and Chickasaw form the Five Civilized tribes. Sequoya invents written language, other advances but planters and Miners push for removal to get Indian lands. Jackson passes Indian Removal Act of 1830 Cherokee resist removal and sue Georgia in Supreme Court, Worcester v. Georgia, 1832 and win their case.Worcester v. Georgia John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it. A. Jackson Checks and balances? Why was this not an outrage? Chapter Nine: Jacksonian America The Removal of the Indians Trails of Tears Removal Thousands died on the trek Osceola Defiant Guerilla warfare, govt. eventually gave up The Meaning of Removal Traded 100 million acres for 32 million Moved onto land they were unfamiliar with 30 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 25% of the Cherokees die on the Trail of Tears of cold, disease, and starvation. 32 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The Expulsion of the Tribes, Jackson and the Bank War Biddles Institution Nicholas Biddle and B.U.S. Soft Money versus Hard Money State v. Fed. Speculation v. public virtue Recharter Bill Vetoed 1832 election and blank check 33 Henry Clay (Portrait Gallery) 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 34 Jackson and the Bank War Jackson and the Bank War The Monster Destroyed Government Deposits Removed, battle between Biddle and Jackson Jacksons Political Victory 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 35 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 36 Emergence of the Second Party System The Two Parties Democrats Emphasis on Opportunity (Locofocos) Whig Calls for Industrial Development Religious and Ethnic Divisions The American System Van Buren Elected Who supported the Whigs?.....the Democrats? 37 The American System 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 38 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 39 Politics After Jackson The Panic of 1837 Boom Bust Specie Circular What was it? The Van Buren Program Independent Treasury System 40 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 41 The Log Cabin Campaign William Henry Harrison Both parties were of the common man Hard Cider and Log Cabins 42 Penny Press What was the Penny Press? 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 43 Whig Diplomacy Tensions with Britain Webster- Ashburton Treaty Finalize borders of Maine and Wisconsin territory Trade with China begins to increase 44 CHAPTER 10 AMERICAS ECONOMIC REVOLUTION 45 The Changing American Population Population Trends Rapid Population Growth White women avg. 6 kids! Slave population trends High death rate Burgeoning Immigration 46 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 47 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 48 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 49 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 50 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 51 Immigration and Urban Growth Rapid Urbanization All parts of America, trade is a big reason New cities Pitt., Cincinnati, Louisville etc. Irish and German Immigrants 52 In some Midwest cities, the foreign-born outnumbered the Natives! Rise of Nativism Why were people concerned with immigration? Native American Party The Know-Nothings The Know-Nothings This underscores the growing divide between native born Americans and immigrants 53 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 54 Transportations and Communications Revolutions The Canal Age What were the advantages? Erie Canal 40 ft x 4 ft 350 miles! Gave NY access to Chicago and other MW cities Increased Settlement in the Northwest 55 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Chapter Ten: Americas Economic Revolution Canals in the Northeast, 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Triumph of the Rails Baltimore and Ohio was first RR Importance of Government Funding Money was needed from state, local and fed. Govts. Railroads were extremely expensive Economic Effects of the Railroad New markets FASTER transportation Represented progress and growth in America 57 Americas Economic Revolution Railroad Growth, 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The Telegraph Samuel Morse (Portrait Gallery) Samuel Morse Samuel Morse Used bursts of electrical current as a language Western Union Telegraph Company Impact on journalism/society? 59 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 60 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 61 Commerce and Industry VIDEO The Expansion of Business, Advantages of Corporations The Emergence of the Factory Dramatic Industrial Growth 62 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Chapter Ten: Americas Economic Revolution Advances in Technology Machine Tools replaceable parts New Sources of Energy Innovations in Corporate Organization Rise of the Industrial Ruling Class 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 63 Patterns of Society The Rich and the Poor Highly Unequal Distribution of Wealth The Urban Poor Who was in this group? Harsh Life for Free Blacks 64 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Patterns of Society Middle-Class Life Rapidly Expanding Middle Class What previously defined wealth? New Household Inventions Cast iron stove, ice boxes, nicer homes Cult of Domesticity for women 1837 women can go to college What was the Cult of Domesticity? What are some advantages and disadvantages? 65
