CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter presents the background of the study, the problem of the study, the objective of the study, the scope and limitation of the study, the significance of the study, and the definition of key terms. 1.1 Background of the Study Literature is simply another way we can experience the world around us through our imagination. Today we may be very busy and feel bored to do something. We do not have any pleasure after doing something. A movie is one of the result that has been enjoyed in our lives. A movie has become one of the technology development result that has been enjoyed broadly by the society. We agree that a movie is the best entertainment. We do not need to go to the cinema if we watch the movie to get pleasure. We can watch movie anywhere, for instance at home or at school. Actually we could get many advantages by watching a movie, not only to get
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the background of the study, the problem of the
study, the objective of the study, the scope and limitation of the study, the
significance of the study, and the definition of key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study
Literature is simply another way we can experience the world around us
through our imagination. Today we may be very busy and feel bored to do
something. We do not have any pleasure after doing something. A movie is one of
the result that has been enjoyed in our lives. A movie has become one of the
technology development result that has been enjoyed broadly by the society. We
agree that a movie is the best entertainment. We do not need to go to the cinema if
we watch the movie to get pleasure. We can watch movie anywhere, for instance
at home or at school. Actually we could get many advantages by watching a
movie, not only to get entertainment but also we can get some knowledge and
education from it.
According to Kleden, (2003:20) is actually considered as the works that
appeared the world imaginer for we and it was not an empirical world or the
historical fact.
By reading and watching literary works we are able to share many
experiences of life, human affairs, moral lessons, educations and social matters which
will help us to gain more understanding in the value of life. I will lead us to enhance
their skill in considering or judging the quality of things around us. In other words,
literature helps to develop human understanding, imagination and cultural,
philosophical religious world.
Movie is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular
entertainment and a motion picture of universal power in communication: some
movies have become popular worldwide attraction, by using dubbing or subtitles that
translate the dialogue. In this ,study, the researcher is interested in analyzing character
and characterizations of the main character. The researcher wants to analyze the main
character John and Savannah because they play very important roles and carry out the
plot of the story. Suitable with problem chosen by researcher, it is about character and
characterization on the movie, so the researcher choose "Dear John" movie. The
reason of. choosing this movie because she is interested with the plot of that the
movie that the story is about a romantic couple who strongly fall in love. Some
people who know this movie is interested in watching it because this is a romantic
movie.
It is necessary to analyze the characters and characterization of the main
character in "Dear John" movie. So, the researcher decides to use the title " The
analysis of character and characterization on the "Dear John" movie by Lasse
Hallstrom".
1.1 Problem of the Study
Based on the background of study above, the writer can propose the following
problems:
1. What is the character and characterization in the "Dear John" movie
directed by Lasse Hallstrom?
2. How is characterization of every character found in Dear John movie?
1.2 Objective of the Study
According to the problem of the study, the objective of the study is as follows:
1. To describe the characters in the "Dear John" movie by Lasse Hallstrom.
2. To describe the characterization in the characters of Dear John movie.
1.3 Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study will be limited to the analysis of character and characterization on
the main character of "Dear John" movie by Lasse Hallstrom. Actually "Dear John"
movie allowed many interesting aspect to be analyzed but especially it focuses on John
and Savannah as the actor and actress in this movie, because it has a lot of characters.
1.4 Significance of the Study
Theoritically
Hopefully, this study will be useful for the students who study
literature to get additional knowledge about literature and to
encourage the students to study literature.
To give sufficient material to the teachers, in giving such an
interesting literary lessons to their students.
Practically, the result of the study is expected to give some information to the
reader about how to analyze the character and characterization in a movie.
Hopefully this thesis will be useful for the students of English Department.
1. Further researchers
For further researchers this study can be used as a scientific reference
especially about the character and characterization in a movie.
1.5 Definition of Key Term
Definition of key terms are given make the readers of this thesis easy to
understand what the researcher actually means:
1. Main Character
Character in the literature is the people who play in Dear John movie.
2. Characterization
The method use to present the personality of a character in a work of
literature ( Daniel and Safier, 1980: 772).
3. Dear John Movie
Dear john is an American romantic drama movie directed by Lasse
Hallstrom . It was released in 2010.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter, the researcher discusses the related literature. The researcher
reviewes theories and findings from some valid and accepted resources. The review
are about language, literature, film, characters and characterizations, and synopsis.
2.1. Literature
Literature is the result of human minds as an art the express in world. Literature
is created to produce complete, meaningful, beautiful and affective language.
Therefore, it can be concluded that literary works will use language that different with
other works, especially from its style and words choice.
The creation of literature is a uniquely human activity, born of man's timeless
desire to understand, express, and finally share experiences (Pickering and Hoeper,
1981:1). It means that when we want to create the literature we are free to express
based on our imagination. To make the literature is no limitation. Every people can
do this because literature is an art.
Kenney, (1996 in Dartin; 2005:7) states that literature is simply another way to
get experience of the world around us through our imagination. According to Jane Jr
in Hartiningsih (2003:45), by learning literature the researcher can learn and know
about human in society and the researchers can take the value advantage as our
experience life.
Literature not only gives us information but also entertain, offer knowledge,
and gives us pleasure. Literature influences the reader's mind, even their emotion. By
reading and watching literary works we are able to share many experiences of life,
human affair, moral lesson, education and social matter which help us gaining more
understanding in the value of life. It will lead us to enhance our skill to consider or
judge the quality of things around us. Literature helps us grow, both personally and
intellectually Robert, (2003:2). After defining some definitions of literature, the
researcher conclude that literature reflect the experience of people in exciting around
them by using media, that is language.
Literature is actually considered as the works that appeared the world imaginer
for us and it was not an empirical world or the historical fact Kleden (2003:20). It
means that literature give us the facts and date clearly.
In literature, the author arranges certain truths and facts as well as possible, so
the readers will accept what she has written. The author also selects facts which
support this idea to make a real story and she will not tell the reader answer of this
story but the readers have to make conclusion by him or herself. In short, it can be
concluded that the literature is everything written, which someone tries to describe the
minds from express is thoughts, feeling and every happening in our life.
2.2. Language
Language is used by human to communicate with others, expressing thought
and feeling (Robert, 2003:15). Language takes important role in human society. It is
an instrument many relationship possibilities with various aspects of human life to
express idea, emotion and desire that reflected the environment. It must be accurate
because it has important function in human activities. In literature, the function of
language is as the instrument to say and write illustration. Language meaning are used
to tell what the speaker believes, to give information about things and to give the
reason about fact.
In listening and reading, configurations of concepts are used to reconstruct and
interpret the meaning of the incoming language data, the written language or the
spoken language. In speaking and writing, configurations of concepts are organized
by grammatical rules, and then expressed by speaking or writing.
2.3. Literary Genre
According to style, (Robert, 2003:3) length and characteristic, literature can be
divided into three parts. They are : Poetry, Prose, and Drama.
They are two types of prose, prose fiction and nonfiction. Prose fiction includes
myths, parables, romances, novels, and short stories. Nonfiction prose consists of new
reports, feature articles, essays, editorials, textbook, historical and biographical works,
and the like, all of which describe or interpret facts and present judgment and
opinions.
2.3.1.Poetry
Poetry, according to Kleden, (2003:20), is like other literary works, so it has
bigger imagination than prose. The readers of poem can understand what the author's
wants by using their knowledge about poem to understand the author thought is
aiding the reader's idea. First, denotative meaning, which is called "literal" or
dictionary meaning. And second, connotative meaning, it is imaginations or
emotional meaning. This literary work also uses some symbol that means more than
word, which is presented by a poet, to express the author sense (Fannie, 2000:99).
2.3.2.Drama
According to Quaeritis (1904:461), drama is consisting of plays written for the
theater. Unfortunately, has acquired to many meaning it can denote, the whole body
of work written for the theater, or a single play, or a serious but untragic play, (as in
"life is full of Drama") events that contain conflict, tension, surprise.
Live actors design a drama or play to perform on stage: It consists of dialog
together with direction of action, like narrative fiction, it focused on single character
or a small number of character (Fannie, 2000:96).
Drama is literary works 'that is presented on the stage with actor or characters
in it. The same statement that is expressed by (Kennedy, 1983:59) that drama is a
work of storytelling in which actors represented the characters also the performance
of a play is much more than an event for the exchange of emotion between
performers and audiences.
There are two kinds of drama, tragedy, and comedy. Tragedy drama is kind of
drama which involves event which climax unhappy disaster, the subject matter is
necessary dark and the hero is defeated by forces outside his control. And comedy
drama is drama that deals with events that inevitable fine some sorf of pleasing or
happy resolution with the subject matter is essentially light and the hero ever comes
impediments and usually in entertaining, humorous way and successful.
2.3.3.Prose
Prose is the ordinary form of spoken and written language of which unit
is the sentence, rather that the line as it is poetry. Meanwhile prose fiction is
works of the literature that can only be made by someone, enjoyed and
understood it completely ( Fannie, 2000:84). In work of literature, other to
make a good story must work every elements prose fiction is done. Prose is
also a11 serious speech, spoken or written which is not limited in a certain
rule.
According to Abrams (1981: 43), prose is a term often used inclusively
for any literary narrative which is feigned or invented, and does not purport to
be historical truth. There are many forms of prose, one of them is novel. The
word novel is from Latin novellas means something new. The word "new" is
related to the reality that navel is a kind of fiction, which appears lately in a
short story and romance. It is written in the seventeenth and the eighteenth
centuries (Croft and Cross, 1982:63). According to Abrams (1981:86), novel is
a great variety of writing that have in common only attribute of being extended
works of prose
fiction. The novel is also distinguished from the short story. Its magnitude permits a
great variety of character, greater complication of plot and modes. Novel contains
number of characters some of them are fully developed, have more incidents, scenes,
or episodes, have number of settings, and may take a long span of time.
2.4 Film
Film has the same essential with movie and motion picture. Motion picture also
called movies, film, or the cinema as one of the most popular forms of entertainment,
enable people to immerse themselves in an imaginary word for short period of time,
(Robert, 2003:207).Some films combine entertainment with instruction, to make
learning process more enjoyable. In all its forms, cinema is an art as well as a
business and those who make motion picture take grade pride in their creations.
Drama is literary works that is presented on the stage with actor or character in
it. Nowadays, the position drama itself is changed with film or the other word, film is
specialized types and modern form of drama.
In this era, drama played in film that use modern techniques as photography,
film chemistry, sound, electronic technology, and other. According to Robert, film is
the word most often use most motions, pictures, although other common words are
cinema, movies and sometime pick. It is a specially type of drama, utilizing, like
drama the techniques of dialogue, monologue, and action, (Robert, 2003:3).
Movies or film is one of the entertainment media that is really popular in the
world. According to McEwen (2001:2) " As motion picture movie or film is in every
time, place, are defined by its intrinsic and organic relationship with every aspect of
the culture".
2.4.1.Theme
Theme is the central idea or statement about life that unifies and controls the
total work, (Pickering and Hoeper, 1981;61). It means that in literature, a theme is the
main idea of the story, or the message of the author is conveying. This message is
usually about life, society or human nature. Not all stories have explicit themes.
Because all stories choose certain areas of live to focus on and deal with all stories
inherently project some kind of outlook on life that can be taken as a theme,
regardless of season.
Theme is broad ideas and allusions that established by repetition of technical
and linguistic means throughout the film, (Robert, 2003:20). The film may have more
than one theme, but it will relate each other in constructing the story from beginning
to ending.
Theme of the film can be seen clearly along the story because the film will
show the theme throughout the film. It may show from the character and personality
especially from the major character and important events accorred in the film.
2.4.2.Plot
The plot is the backbone of a story, (Stanton in Sabbichis, 1965:15). Because it is
more self-evident than some of the story's other element, we may say little about it in
analysis, but without clear knowledge of its events, its links of cause and effect, its
degree of inevitability, we cannot hope to understand the story further. Like all other
elements of a story, the plot has its own laws: it must have a should occasionally
surprise us, it must arouse and satisfy suspense.
The movement of a plot comes chiefly from its ability to arouse questions our
minds, appealing to our curiosity, hope and fear. The simplest question is "What
happens next?" But often the questionnaire more specific than this, and their answer
may be delayed for many pages.
2.5. Character
The term of character applies to any individual in a literary work. Characters in
fiction are customarily described by their relationship to plot, by the degree of
development they are given by the author and whether or not they undergo significant
character change (Pickering and hoeper, 1981:24).
According to Kenny (1966:27), “ Character is the person in the people in
function and they must be similar to the people in life”. A character is obviously
relevant to us and to our experiences if he is like ourselves or likes others whom we
know. A character is relevant if there are a lot of people like him in the real world.
Definition of character is to understand the meaning of the main character,
firstly the reader has to know what the character is, so that it is useful to explain
some of the definition of it. Characters are the players in literature works, drama
and novel and also are appealing of emotions, which can be observing from
action. In drama characters usually do thing for certain reason so the characters
have identifiable motives behind them. Most plays have central motives and in
general these are giant human emotions, which motivate most people in real life.
In other opinion said that character and imagined person, created by the
playwright in dialogue and stage direction, made particularly by actors.