Skills Practice Answers. Skills Practice 1 1.9,434,880 mL 2.17.8 cases 3.0.333 pallet 4.a) 0.1560 m b) 4.1x10 10 c) 92,000 μm d) 91,600 nm 5.a) 2.229x10.

Skills Practice Answers

Skills Practice 1

1. 9,434,880 mL2. 17.8 cases3. 0.333 pallet4. a) 0.1560 m b) 4.1x1010 c) 92,000 μm d) 91,600

nm5. a) 2.229x107 b) 8.07x106 c) 5.41x1020 d) 1.12x107

6. a) 2.300021x1010 b) 3.51x10-9

7. a) 235,400 b) 0.000000003400

Skills Practice 2

1. 325.22. 18,0003. 0.01754. 0.7905. 28,910,0006. 277. 4.9x1012

8. 1.86x105

Skills Practice 81. a) 21 b) Scandium (Sc) c) 222. Atoms of the same element (having the same

number of protons) with a different number of neutrons.

3. a) -2 b) sulfur c) 174. 1;35. +26. 307. B) ions8. Strontium (Sr)

Symbol neutrons protons electrons atomic # mass #

80 56 54 56 136

31 25 25 25 56

120 79 79 79 199

21 20 18 20 41

Skills Practice 9

1. a) 74.92 amu b) Arsenic (As)2. a) 51.99 amu b) Chromium (Cr)3. The most abundant is the one with a mass of

40.00 amu. 4. 41.996 amu

Skills Practice 10

1) Ground state: the normal energy level that an electron occupies. Excited state: when an electron has absorbed energy to occupy a higher energy level.

2) 7.11x10-8 m3) 8.62x10-20 J4) 3.68x10-19 J5) a) 8.52x1014 Hz b) 5.65x10-19 J6) f=7.68x1014 Hz wavelength= 3.91x10-7 m

Skills Practice 11

1) There is no such thing as an f sublevel in the third energy level. Also, an f sublevel if it existed would have seven orbitals instead of four.

2) 83) 104) 25) Orbitals = 9 Electrons =186) 507) 4p

Skills Practice 13

1) a. ends in: 3d b. ends in: 4d c. ends in: 4p2) a. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d4

b. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p3 c. 1s22s22p63s23p64s2

3) Because of Hund’s Rule the 2p sublevel should look like: 1s 2s 2p4) Three

Skills Practice 14

1. a. 5 b. 2 c. 6 d. 8 e. 72. a. 2-8-3 b. 2-6 c. 2-8-63. Column 14 or IVA4. a. 5 dots b. 2 dots c. 4 dots d. 7 dots

Skills Practice 15

1. Abbreviated electron configurations: a. [Ar] 4s23d104p2

b. [Xe] 6s2

c. [Ar] 4s23d104p5

d. [Xe]6s24f145d106p3

e. [Ar] 4s23d5

f. [Xe]6s24f145d9

2. Column 6 (or VIB)3. 5th row4. 3rd row5. Each d sublevel can hold 10 electons6. Each p sublevel can hold 6 electrons

Skills Practice 16

1. The second energy level feels a +13 charge and the outer energy level feels a +5 charge.

2. Sulfur’s outer level of electrons feels a +6 charge pulling on it from the nucleus. Silicon’s outer level feels a weaker charge of +4 and therefore it is not pulled as close to the nucleus as sulfur’s outer level.

3. Chlorine is lower in the periodic table which would indicate that it is larger than lithium, but it is also located further to the right which would indicate that it is smaller.

4. a) S, Al, Mg, Na b) C, Si, Sn, Pb c) Br, Se, Ca, K d) C, B, Be, Mg, Ca e) Cl, P, Al, Ga

f) Ne, O, S, Se

Skills Practice 17

1. It is relatively hard to remove the first electon. 2. a) Ca, As, Se, Br b) Bi, As, P, Nc) Ga, Al, Si, S d) K, Li, C, O e) Po, Te, S, O e) In, Sn, Te, I 3. Beryllium; After its two outermost electrons are removed, the next electron would need to be removed from an inner energy level, which is much more difficult. 4. Larger atoms tend to have smaller first ionization energies because the outer electrons are farther from the nucleus. Since the electrons are farther, the force of attraction from the nucleus is less.

Skills Practice 18

1. Fluorine atom: 2-7; Fluorine ion: 2-82. 0; all atoms have a neutral charge. 3. +24. -2, -1, -1, +2, +1, +2, +3, -3, -2, -1, +2, +1

Skills Practice 191. Ion Symbol

a. P-3

b. Mg+2

c. Rb+1

d. F-1

e. Al+3

f. S-2

2. Rewritea. BaSb. Rb3N

c. LiCld. AlNe. MgBr2

f. Al2O3

3. Formulasa. Na2S

b. AlCl3

c. Ca3P2

d. BaO

4. Namesa. Sodium sulfideb. Aluminum chloridec. Calcium phosphided. Barium oxide

5. +1, +2, +3, +/-4, -3, -2, -1

Skills Practice 201. LiC2H3O2

2. Na3PO4

3. Mg(OH)2

4. Omit5. (NH4)2S

6. K2O

7. AlPO4

8. NaOH9. Omit10.Omit

11.Calcium oxide12.Barium chloride13.Potassium phosphate14.Magnesium hydroxide15.Omit16.Sodium acetate17.Lithium sulfate18.Ammonium sulfate19.Aluminum cyanide20.Beryllium chlorate

Skills Practice 21

1. MnF4

2. (NH4)3PO4

3. Ni(NO3)2

4. Na3N

5. Al2(SO4)3

6. Cr(OH)3

7. Fe3(PO4)2

8. CuCl2

9. Copper(II) oxide10.Iron(II) sulfate

11.Ammonium sulfide12.Nickel(II) Phosphate13.Chromium(III)

hydroxide14.Barium chlorate15.Manganese(IV) nitride16.Copper(I) carbonate17.618.319.420.8

Skills Practice 221. Dinitrogen pentoxide2. Triphosphorus heptoxide3. Trisulfur tetrafluoride4. Carbon dioxide5. Dinitrogen hexoxide6. Copper(II) sulfate7. Ammonium carbonate8. Sulfur hexafluoride9. H2O4

10.N3S5

11.CO2

12.N20

13.Fe(NO3)2

14.CCl4

15.C3H7

16.H3PO4

17.NO2

18.CH2

19.C6H9O

20.N2H3O2

21.S2O7

22.C4H3O4

Skills Practice 28

Skills Practice 29

Skills Practice 301) 7.02 x 1024 molecules2) 1121 grams3) Quantity of particles needed to equal an

element’s atomic mass in grams. 4) 1180 grams5) 183.4 amu; 183.4 g/mol6) 3.32 moles7) 1.22 x 1024 atoms 8) 78.6 g/mol9) 4655 grams10)1.81 x 1024 molecules

Skills Practice 31

1)15.4%2)a- 25.8% b- 64.7%3)a- 53.8% b- 34.4%4)N2O5

5)N3O6

6)a- C3H4O b- C24H32O8

7)C18H27O36

Skills Practice 32

1)35.0 g2)345 g LiNO3; 100 g Ca

3)117 g Na3P; 239 CaSO4

4)181.7 g Al(NO3)3; 142 g CaCl2

5)41.8 g of each product