Skeletal System: Structure and Function
Functions
Support: body structure and shape Protection: vital organs surrounded Movement/Anchorage of Muscles Mineral Storage: calcium & phosphorus Blood Formation
Functions of Bone Support—bones form the framework of the body and
contribute to the shape, alignment, and positioning of the body parts
Protection—bony “boxes” protect the delicate structures they enclose
Movement—bones with their joints constitute levers that move as muscles contract
Mineral storage—bones are the major reservoir for calcium, phosphorus, and other minerals
Hematopoiesis—blood cell formation is carried out by myeloid tissue
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Bone Composition
Collagen: chief organic constituent (protein)
Inorganic Calcium Salts: Vitamin D essential for absorption
Classification of Bones on the Basis of Shape
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 5.1
Short Bones
Cube-shaped Allows flexible
movement Carpals, tarsals,
metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges
Flat Bones
Flat Plates Protect Vital Organs Provide Broad Surface
Area for Attachment of Muscles
Cranial Bones, Facial Bones, Scapula, Sternum
Irregular Bones
Peculiarly Shaped to Provide Support and Protection with Flexibility
Vertebrae, Ribs, Ear, Hip, Hyoid
Bone Marrow - Red Hematopoietic Tissue In cancellous bone in children In adults: cancellous bone of vertebrae,
hips, sternum, ribs, cranial bones, proximal ends of femur and humerus
Forms RBCs, platelets, some WBCs and destroys old RBCs and some foreign materials
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1. Skull 2. Mandible 3. Sternum 4. Ribs 5. Vertebrae 6. Pelvis 7. - 8. - 9. Carpals 10. Metacarpals 11. Phalanges 12. Femur 13. Patella 14. Fibula 15. Tibia
16. Clavicle 17. Scapula 18. Humerus 19. Radius 20. Ulna 21. Tarsals 22. Metatarsals 11. Phalanges