1 SIXTH ECONOMIC CENSUS, 2013 Directorate of Economics & Statistics Planning (Statistics) Department Government of Tripura, Agartala. www.destripura.nic.in www.ecostat.tripura.gov.in 0 100000 200000 300000 EC - 1980 EC - 1990 EC - 1998 EC - 2005 EC - 2013 56641 85517 104427 189423 236773 Number of establishments 0 500000 EC - 1980 EC - 1990 EC - 1998 EC - 2005 EC - 2013 134397 220558 268257 385708 404024 Number of employments
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1
SIXTH ECONOMIC CENSUS, 2013
Directorate of Economics & Statistics
Planning (Statistics) Department
Government of Tripura, Agartala.
www.destripura.nic.in
www.ecostat.tripura.gov.in
0
100000
200000
300000
EC -1980
EC -1990
EC -1998
EC -2005
EC -2013
56641 85517
104427
189423 236773
Number of establishments
0
500000
EC -1980
EC -1990
EC -1998
EC -2005
EC -2013
134397 220558 268257
385708 404024
Number of employments
2
CONTENTS
Sl. No.
Item Page
1 Executive Summary 1-3
CHAPTER
2 Chapter I : Introduction 4-11
3 Chapter II : Concepts & Definitions 12-18
4 Chapter III : Results At-A Glance 19-41
5 Chapter IV : Agricultural Establishments 42-48
6 Chapter V : Non-agricultural Establishments 49-58
7 Chapter VI : Handloom, Handicraft Establishments 59-64
8 Chapter
VII
: Women Entrepreneurs 65-69
TABLES
9 Statistical Tables 71-132
ANNEXURES
10 Annexures : I to VII 134-147
3
Officer and staff of Economic Census Unit
associated with the publication:
Joint Director Sri A. K. Chanda
Statistical Officer Sri Dilip Sarkar
Inspector Sri Chitta Ranjan Debmarma
Sri Dipak Acherjee Smti Mina Sinha
Investigator
Sri Rajib Debbarma
Smti Susmita Saha
Directorate of Economics & Statistics,
Government of Tripura, Shankar Chowmuhani, Agartala, e-mail : [email protected] Web site : www.destripura.nic.in
www.ecostat.tripura.gov.in
4
Sixth Economic Census, Tripura
Executive Survey
The Sixth Economic Census, 2013 was the complete count of all
establishments excluding crop production and plantation covered both rural and urban areas of the State.
Field work was carried out independently during 15th May to 15th June, 2013 by the Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Government of
Tripura involving the District Magistrate & Collectors and Sub-divisional Magistrates as a part of All India Programme.
The Sixth Economic Census enumerated all establishments engaged in
various agricultural and non-agricultural activities excluding crop production & plantation as well as public administration, defense and
compulsory social security.
Data relating to handloom and handicrafts establishments were collected
for first time.
Enumeration Blocks (EBs) of Population Census 2011 were used as the
primary geographical units for collection of data in the un-devided four distract frame.
About 3,753 enumerators and 1,750 supervisors were engaged to collect
data from 7,284 Enumeration Blocks of the State.
Establishments:
As per the Sixth Economic Census; 2,36,773 establishments were found
to be in operation. Out of them 1,45,295 (61.36%) were found located in rural areas and remaining 91,478 (38.64%) were located in urban areas.
Out of 2,36,773 establishments; 2,16,976 (91.6%) were non-agricultural
establishments and 19,797 (8.36%) were agricultural establishments (excluding crop production & plantation).
Over an intervening period of about 8 years between Fifth Economic
Census, 2005 and Sixth Economic Census, 2013 the total number of establishments in Tripura has increased from 1,89,423 in 2005 to 2,36,773 in 2013 - registering a overall growth of 25% during the period.
Out of total 2,36,773 establishments; 19,848 (8.38%) belong to primary
sector (excluding crop production and plantation), 43,531 (18.38%) belongs to secondary sector and 1,73,394 (73.23%) pertain to tertiary
sector.
5
Own Account Establishments (OAEs) (i.e. establishments without any
hired worker) were 1,87,408 (79.15%) and remaining 49,365 (20.85%) were the establishments with at least one hired worker.
About 92.93% were under private ownership and remaining 7.07% were
as Government or PSU.
About 10,925 establishments were found as handloom/handicraft
establishment in Tripura.
Livestock was the major economic activity (73.58%) of agriculture sector.
Retail trade (41.13%) followed by manufacturing (17.07%), other services activities (8.43%), education (8.15%), transportation (7.94%) and accommodation and food service activities (5.95%) were the major
economic activities of the non-agricultural sector of the State.
Majority of the establishments 2,29,390 (96.88%) were perennial in nature. About 6,193 (2.62%) of the establishments were seasonal and
remaining 1,190 (0.50%) of the establishments were casual.
More than 29,892(12.62%) of all establishments in the State were home based establishments, i.e. inside household. Another 47,015 (19.86%)
establishments were operating from outside household without fixed structure, and remaining 1,59,866 (67.52%) establishments were operating from outside households with fixed structure.
Out of the total 2,36,773 establishments in operations, percentage share
of various social and religious group as follows : ST: 31,461 (15.31%), SC: 44,980 (21.89%), OBC: 51,001 (24.82%) and Others 78,053
Around 4,04,024 persons were found employed in 2,36,773 establishments with an average of 1.71 employee per establishments.
Out of total 4,04,024 persons employed; 2,33,436 persons(57.78%)
employed in rural areas and 1,70,588 persons (42.22%) employed in urban areas.
While employed in Own Account Establishments was of the order of 2,15,170 persons (53.25%), the employment in establishments with at
least one hired worker was about 1,88,854 persons (46.74%).
Out of total 4, 04,024 persons employed; 3,25,956 persons(80.67%) were male workers and remaining 78,068 persons (19.32%) were female
workers.
6
Out of total 4,04,024 persons employed; 3,76,159 persons (93.10%) were
found engaged in non-agricultural activities and remaining 27,865 persons (6.90%) were found engaged in agricultural activities( excluding crop production and plantation).
Tertiary sector or service sector has pivotal role in the context of number
of persons employed. The percentage share of persons employed in service sector establishments was 73.14%, followed by secondary sector
with the percentage share of 19.69%.
About 18,200 persons were employed in the handloom/handicraft
establishments.
About 3,92,300 persons were employed in perennial establishments; 10,023 persons were employed in seasonal establishments and
remaining 1,701 persons were employed as casual workers.
Women Entrepreneurs:
Number of establishments owner by women entrepreneurs was 14,506 (6.13%).
These establishments provided employment to 19,880 persons (4.92%),
out of which 14,951 persons (75.21%) were without hired workers.
Out of establishments under women entrepreneurs, about 2,552 (17.59%) belong to agricultural activities, with livestock dominating
therein having a share of 2,256 (88.40%). Among non-agricultural activities owner by women entrepreneurs, manufacturing and retail trade were dominant ones with corresponding percentage of 5,048
(42.23%) and 3,430 (28.69%), respectively.
Out of the total establishments under women entrepreneurs, percentage
share of various social and religious groups was as follows: ST: 25.21%, SC: 18.74%, OBC: 20.98% and Others: 35.08%; Hindu:
81.13%, Muslim: 6.35% and Christian: 4.34%, Buddhist: 2.18%.
7
Sixth Economic Census Report
Chapter – I
Introduction:
Economic Census (EC) is the complete count of all establishments excluding crop production and plantation (i.e. units engaged in production
and/or distribution of goods and services not for the purpose of sole consumption) located within the geographical boundaries of the State. Earlier,
five Economic Censuses have been conducted during 1977, 1980, 1990, 1998 and 2005. The Sixth EC was conducted from 15th May to 15th June, 2013 in the State independently by the Directorate of Economics & Statistics
Government of Tripura as a part of All India Programme under guidelines and methodology of the Economic Statistics Division, Central Statistics Office
(CSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programmer Implementation (MOSPI), Government of India, New Delhi .
All economic activities – agricultural and non-agricultural, except those involved in crop production and plantation, defense and compulsory social scrutiny, related to production and/ or distribution of groups and/ or services
were covered. The main agricultural activities covered under the Sixth Economic Census include livestock production, agricultural support activities,
hunting, forestry, logging, fishing and aquaculture. Non-agricultural activities covered under Sixth Economic Census includes mining and quarrying, manufacturing, electricity, gas and water supply, sewerage, waste
management, construction, wholesale and retail trade, transport and storage, accommodation and food service, information and communication, financial and insurance, real estate, professional, scientific and technical,
administration and support services, education, human health and social work, arts, entertainment & recreation etc. These economic activities whether
they are in household or institutional in private and public were covered without exception.
The efficient formulation, implementation and evaluation of any sectoral policies depends largely on reliable data at even below district level. Economy
of any region or state can be broadly classified into two sectors, viz., i) agricultural and ii) non-agricultural. Though a fairly good system of agricultural statistics has been built-up over the decades like data on tenure
and tenancy, land utilization, operational holdings, irrigation status especially through the Agriculture Census as well as Agriculture Input Survey. The data on livestock are fairly available through Livestock Census on a quinquinnial
basis. On the otherhand, there exists no such system of flow of reliable data from the un-organised part of non-agricultural sector of the economy of any
region or state. The data in-respect of organised non-agricultural segments like registered factories, mines, railways, civil aviation, state transport undertakings, banks, insurance companies, educational institutions, hospitals
etc. are being collected on regular basis.
8
Reliable and timely data base is the basic necessity for any sound and systematic policy making. Availability of reliable information, preferably at
micro-level is the key for effective planning and development. While economic statistics in-respect of organised segments of the non-agricultural economy are
being collected more or less regularly, it is not so in regard to its un-organised sector, even though due to its significant contribution towards Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) and also in generation of employment opportunities.
Infact, the un-organized sector plays an important role in capital formation and in generation of employment with relatively larger share in the State‟s GSDP.
Another objective of the Economic Census is to provide detailed
information for follow-up surveys to be undertaken by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), Government of India on major sector of non-agricultural economy like trade, manufacturing, hotel & restaurant, transport, storage and
warehousing as well as services etc.
History and Background of Economic Census:
(1) First Economic Census,1977 (EC-1977) :
The Bowley Robertson Committee commissioned a study in 1934 to explore the possibilities of conducting Economic Census in India. The main
aim of the All India Economic Census is to bridge data gaps in the un-organised sector of non-agricultural economy covering unregistered
manufacturing, trade, transport, services, etc.
In order to fill the data gaps in un-organised sector of non-agricultural economy covering un-registered manufacturing, trade, transport, services, etc.
The Central Statistical Office (CSO), Government of India, launched the first ever Economic Census in the country during 1977 in-collaboration with the States Directorate of Economics & Statistics.
The coverage was restricted to only non-agricultural establishments employing at least one hired worker on a fairly regular basis. Data on items such as description of activity number of persons usually working, type of
ownership etc. were collected.
(2) Second Economic Census, 1980 (EC-1980) :
The Second Economic Census was conducted in 1980 along with the
house-listing operations of Population Census 1981. This was done with a view to economising resources, manpower, time and money. The scope and coverage
was enlarged in economic activities both agricultural and non-agricultural whether employing any hired worker or not were covered, except those engaged in crop production and plantation.
The information on location of establishment, description of economic
activity carried out, nature of operation, type of ownership, social group of
owner, total number of workers usually engaged with its hired component and break-up of male and female workers were collected. The items, on which
information were collected in Second Economic Census, were more or less the
9
same as those collected in the First Economic Census. However, based on experience gained in the First Economic Census certain items viz. years of
operation, value of annual output/ turnover/ receipt, mixed activity or not, registered/ licensed/ recognized and act or authority, if registered were
dropped.
Based on the frame thrown-up by EC-1980, the follow-up surveys were carried out, one in 1983-84 on hotels and restaurants, transport, storage and
warehousing and services and second in 1984-85 on un-organized manufacturing and Third in 1985 on wholesale and retail trade.
(3) Third Economic Census, 1990 (EC-1990) :
The Third Economic Census was also synchronised with the house listing operations of the Population Census-1991 on the same pattern as EC-1980. The coverage was similar to that of EC-1980. All States / UTs except
Jammu & Kashmir, where Population Census-1991 was not undertaken, were covered.
Moreover, it was felt necessary to update the information collected in the
Second Economic Census in 1980 so as to assess the changes in the structure
of establishments, the growth in employment etc., in the un-organized sector over a period of ten years. The Third Economic Census sponsored by the Central Statistical Office, Government of India was carried out in-
collaboration-with all the State Directorates of Economics and Statistics.
Based on the frame thrown up by EC-1990 four follow up surveys were carried out by the National Sample Survey Office, Government of India.
i) Establishments survey covering mining and quarrying, storage and warehousing, 1992-93.
ii) Establishment survey covering hotels and restaurants and transport, 1993-94.
iii) NSS 51st round covering directory, non-directory and own account
establishments in un-registered manufacturing, 1994-95. iv) Directory trade establishments survey in 1996-97, NSS 53rd round
covered the residual part of the unorganised trade, 1997.
(4) Fourth Economic Census, 1998 (EC-1998) :
With a view to meeting the demand of various user departments for the
data on unorganised sectors of the economy and considering the nature of large number of small units which are subject to high rates of mobility and mortality, it was felt that the economic census must be brought back to
quiquennial nature so that an up-to-date frame can be made available once in five years for conducting the follow up surveys. The Fourth Economic Census
was planned during 1996 but due to various reasons the scheme could be launched only in 1998 in all States/ UTs.
10
The overall responsibility for organization and independent conduct of the Fourth Economic Census rested with the Directorate of Economics &
Statistics, Government of Tripura in the State. Infact, the Directorate of Economics & Statistics conducted the Fourth Economic Census, independently, as a part of All India Programme.
Based on the frame thrown up by Fourth Economic Census, 1998, the
following surveys were carried out by the National Sample Survey Office, Government of India.
i) Special establishment survey on un-organised sector, 1998-99.
ii) Survey on un-organised manufacturing, 2000-11 (NSS 56th
Round). iii) Survey on un-organized establishments in service sector
iv) Survey on un-organised manufacturing, 2005-06 (NSS 62nd Round).
v) Survey on un-organised establishments in service sector excluding trade, 2006-07 (NSS 63nd Round).
(5) Fifth Economic Census, 2005 (EC-2005) :
To fill the data gaps of un-organized sector of the economy, the Fifth
Economic Census was also conducted independently by the Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Government of Tripura in 2005 like previous Fourth Economic Census, 1998 as a part of All India Programme.
The main objective of Fifth Economic Census-2005 was to meet the
demand of various user departments for the data on un-organized sectors of
the economy and also to update the frame for National Sample Survey (NSS).
Based on the frame thrown up by Fifth Economic Census, the following
surveys were also carried out by the National Sample Survey Office, Government of India.
i) NSS 67th Round during 2010-11 on un-incorporated non-agricultural enterprises excluding construction.
ii) NSS 73rd round during 2015-16 with coverage similar to
The Sixth Economic Census, 2013 also provides data on number of
establishments and number of persons employed there-in, activity wise, of all the sectors in the State excluding crop production & plantation, public
administration, defense and compulsory social security. The up-to-date information would also provide data for comprehensive analysis of the structure of State‟s economy. It also provides time series data for various
analysis and trend.
11
Objectives:
The Sixth Economic Census which mainly gives activity-wise and area-
wise head count of enterprises, employed and other main characteristics in numerical terms and also measure the impact of the government economic policies.
To provide detail information on operational and economic variables,
activity wise of all the establishments of the State.
To generate information on number of establishments, employing 8 or more workers and their area wise operation in the State.
To provide information on number of handloom and handicraft
establishments and employment there-in in the State.
It also provides data for sample frame for follow-up surveys for various
economic estimates like Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP), per capita income etc. of the State.
Geographical Coverage:
The Sixth Economic Census, 2013 was conducted both in rural and
urban areas of Tripura without exception. Enumeration Blocks (EBs) of Population Census-2011 were used as primary geographical units for data collection in the un-divided four districts frame. Census village refers to those
areas classified and covered as villages during Population Census-2011 conducted by the Registrar General of India, Ministry of Home Affairs,
Government of India, New Delhi and 7,284 Enumeration Blocks (EBs) of the State were enumerated during 15th May to 15th June, 2013.
Scope and Coverage:
The Sixth Economic Census was conducted both in rural and urban areas as per the similar pattern followed for Population Census-2011 frame. All
economic activities both agricultural and non- agricultural, except those involved in crop production and plantation, public administration, defence and compulsory social security; related to production and or distribution of goods
and/or services other than for the sole purpose of own consumption were covered.
The Sixth Economic Census was conducted under the Collection of Statistics Act, 2008 in the State.
However, as were done in earlier Economic Censuses, the following
activities were kept out of the purview of Sixth Economic Census, 2013.
i) Establishments of shelter-less and nomadic population, which keep moving place to place and also came either without shelter or with makeshift shelter.
ii) Establishments engaged in some illegal activities like smuggling,
gambling, beggary, prostitution etc.
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iii) Domestic servants, whether they work in one household or in a
number of households, drivers etc. who undertake jobs for others on wages.
iv) All wage-paid employees of casual nature.
v) Household members engaged in household chores.
vi) Persons doing different types of jobs depending on the availability
of work, e.g., loading, un-loading helping a mason or a carpenter, doing earthwork for a contractor.
vii) Household members working for other households and earning
some money which is insignificant.
viii) Households in which none of the members is engaged in any
gainful activity i.e., households depending on remittance, rent, interest etc.
Conferences:
All Indian Conference of State secretaries in-charge of Planning
and Directorate of Economics & Statistics to discuss various operational issues relating to implementation of the scheme was organised by the Central Statistics Office (ESD), Government of
India, on 20th December, 2011 at New Delhi.
The State level meeting was also held under the Chairmanship of
the Chief Secretary, Tripura on 8th January, 2013 at Agartala with all line and user Departments for finalising operational modalities in the State.
The Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Government Tripura
has been organized a North-Eastern Regional Training Workshop during 08th to 9th April, 2013 at Pragna Bhawan, Agartala for all
eight North-Eastern States.
Period of field operations:
The field work of Sixth Economic Census was conducted during 15th May
to 15th June 2013 both in rural and urban areas covering all districts of the
State.
Schedules Covered: Three schedules mainly: i) 6A: House and Establishment listing
schedule, ii) 6B: Establishment Abstract and iii) 6C: Directorate of Establishment schedule were used and canvassed in the Sixth Economic
Census.
13
The field work was carried by the Assistant Teachers as Enumerators and Senior Teachers and other State Government Officials as Supervisors on
honorarium basis.
The Sub-Divisional Magistrates were engaged as Charge Officers for both rural and urban areas. The Block Development Officers were also engaged as Additional Charge Officer for effective for smooth conducting the field
operations. The District Magistrate and Collectors were remaining overall incharge for smooth field operations in the respective districts.
2. The ultimate area unit of enumeration was Enumeration Block (EB) of Population Census - 2011. An EB broadly cover about 120 households or a
population of nearly 600 or so. EB means a specific area that was allotted to an enumerator for the purpose of carrying out of Population Census-2011.
In order to ensure complete coverage, it was necessary to locate and identify each and every house in the EB. Therefore, it was essential for
enumerator to go round the EB and become familiar with its boundaries, land marks and location of houses with the help of Layout Map (LM) and Abridged House list (AHL) of Population Census 2011.
Based on the frame thrown-up by Sixth Economic Census, the following
follow up Surveys have so far been undertaken or planner by the National
Sample Survey Officer, Government of India.
i) NSS 73rd Round during 2015-16 on un-incorporated non-agricultural enterprises excluding construction.
ii) NSS 74th round during 2016-17 on Establishment Focused Survey
on service sector.
The Abridged House-List (AHL) of Population Census-2011 provided for
the identification particulars i.e., names and codes of States, District, Tehsil/PS/ Block, Town/Village, Ward and Enumeration Block. It also
provides house-list particulars such as EB number, census house number, purpose for which census house is used, household number, name of the head of household, population of EB, number of residential houses and total
number of households. Both these documents were helped to complete coverage of the EBs.
Post Enumeration Check
Post Enumeration Check (PEC) was conducted in all districts immediately after completion of the field work. Two villages and two urban blocks were selected at random in each district. The field operations of the PEC
was done by the Officials of the Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Tripura.
Release of Provisional Results
In order to meet the immediate needs of various users, the quick
tabulation of Sixth Economic Census data was processed and tabulated and finalized on 13th May 2014 and send to Central Statistics Office, Government
of India, New Delhi for inclusion in All India provisional Report.
14
Data Processing
The Schedule 6A of Sixth Economic Census were scanned and digitised
at SSC, Faridabad, NCR under ICR Technology. The data entry of Schedules 6B and 6C were processed in the Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Tripura. After running the edit programme, the error list files were generated
which were further verified and corrected for reliable estimates.
Agricultural 19797 (8.36%)
Non-agricultural 216976
(91.64%)
Chart : 1.1 Percentage of agricultural and non-agricultural
establishments in Tripura
Agricultural Non-agricultural
15
Chapter – II Concepts and Definitions:
Establishments
An establishment is a unit or an economic entity situated in a single
location in which predominantly one kind of economic activity is carried out so that at least a part of the goods and /or services produced by the unit is sold. For example, it can be an office providing services to the consumers/ clients on
fee or payment basis, a shop selling the provisions of day to day consumption / use, a factory producing or manufacturing a goods item, or a house
themselves or by hiring person(s) or with a combination of the two. The activity may be carried out within fixed premises/permanent structure or without having any permanent structure.
Agricultural Establishments
An agricultural establishment for the purpose of this Economic Census
is one engaged in production of agriculture good (other than crop production &
plantation by the farmers or a group of farmers or any agency), agricultural services, hunting, trapping & game propagation, livestock production, forestry
and logging as well as fishing and aquaculture, where at least some part of the production or services is sold out. Establishments engaged in activities pertaining to crop production and plantation though the agriculture sector
were not covered. Thus primarily cultivators themselves were outside the purview of the Economic Census. However, services incidental to crop production or plantation provided/ undertaken by any one individual or a firm
or a company by charging fee or rent/ compensation e.g. machinery & equipment for tilling/cultivation, preparation of field or sowing harvesting/
chaffing, transportation of agriculture goods/ produce, charging for irrigation facilities etc. as their principal activity were included and the establishments engaged in such activities were enumerated.
It may be noted that while the growing of tea, coffee, rubber, tobacco,
etc. were not classified as agricultural establishments for the purpose of this census, however, establishments engaged in processing of tea, coffee, tobacco etc. were covered.
Agricultural Broad Activates:
1) Agricultural activities (except crop production & plantation) 2) Live Stock
3) Forestry & Logging 4) Fishing & Aqua Culture
Non-agricultural Establishments:
Establishments engaged in activities other than agricultural activities as
defined above are termed as non-agricultural establishments.
16
Non-Agricultural Broad Activities:
1) Mining & quarrying, 2) Manufacturing,
3) Electricity, gas, steam & air conditioning, 4) Water supply and sewerage and waste management,
5) Construction, 6) Sale, maintenance and repair of motor vehicles and motor cycles, 7) Wholesale trade,
8) Retail trade, 9) Transport and storage, 10) Accommodation and food service activities,
11) Information & communication, 12) Financial & insurance activities,
13) Real estate activities, 14) Professional, scientific & technical activities, 15) Administrative and support service activities,
16) Education, 17) Human health and social work activities, 18) Arts entertainment, sports & amusement and recreation,
19) Other Services activities. Following types of establishments were kept out of census coverage:
Agriculture: Establishments growing perennial and non-perennial crops including plantation crops.
Government Offices: Establishments engaged in public administration covering all Ministries, Departments at Central and
State/ UT Government Level and also Local Self Government. This includes Courts, Tax Office, Offices of Ministry of Defence (Air Force, Navy and Army), Police, ESIC, EPFO etc.
However, government schools. institutions, colleges, hospitals, hostels/ flats, guest houses, government banks, all public sector
undertakings including that of Ministry of Defence equipment production or sensitive‟s material corporations, undertakings etc. were covered.
Establishments involved in gambling and betting activities declared illegal by the Government.
International organizations such as United Nations and its agencies, Foreign Embassies/ Consulates etc.
Household:
A household is a group of persons usually living together and taking
their meals from a common kitchen. It includes temporary stay away (those
whose total period of absence from household is expected to be less than six months) but excludes temporary visitors and guests (with expected total stay of
less than six months). There may be a household of persons related by blood or a household of unrelated persons or having a mix of both but satisfying above condition of a household. Example of households having unrelated
persons/members are boarding houses, messes, hotels, recue houses, jails, ashrams etc. These are called „Institutional Households‟.
17
Census House:
A census house is a building or a part of building having a separate
main entrance from the road or common courtyard or staircase, etc., used, or
recongnised as a separate unit. It may be occupied or vacant. It may be used for residential, commercial or for both purposes.
Premises:
Premise is census house or part of a census house occupied by a unit/household. If the activity of the enterprise carried out by a unit/
household extends beyond the boundaries of a single house to a group of contiguous houses and in rare cases a group of houses in close proximity, the entire group of houses is regarded as single premise.
Worker:
All persons (including children under 15 years of age) working in an
establishment either as owners, members of the household working as a co-
owner or partner or helping the owner in running the establishment, whether hired or not, besides regular and salaried employees, casual/ daily wage
labourers are considered as workers for that establishment. A worker may serve the establishment in any capacity either as primary worker or as supervisor. Sales persons appointed by an establishment for selling/marketing
its produce or services of apprentices, supporting workers, paid or unpaid are also treated as workers. The owner running the establishment would also be
considered as a worker and counted for the purpose. Concepts of various types of ownership:
Building:
A building is generally a single structure available on the ground. Usual structure will have four walls and a roof. But in some areas, the natural
construction of houses is such that there may not be any wall. For example, a conical roof almost touches the ground and an entrance is also provided and there will not be any wall as such. Such structures should be treated as
buildings.
Unit:
A unit located in a house is an entity engaged in some gainful economic
activities involving production and or distribution of goods and or services such as a workshop; manufacturing unit, an office, a firm, a school, a hospital, places of worship etc.
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Establishment:
The establishment is a unit situated in a single location in which predominantly one kind of economic activity is carried out such that at least a part of the goods and/or services produced by the unit goes for sale (i.e. entire
produce is not for sole consumption). Premise:
Premise is a census house or part of a census house occupied by a unit/
household. If the activity of the establishment is carried out by a unit/ household extends beyond the boundaries of a single house to a group of contiguous houses and in rare case, a group of houses in close proximity, the
entire group of houses is regarded as a single premise. Agricultural Establishment:
An agricultural establishment for the purpose of this Census would be
one, engaged in production of agriculture goods (other than crop production & plantation by the farmers or a group of farmers or any agency), agricultural services, hunting, trapping & game propagation, where at least some part of
the production or services is sold out. Establishments engaged in activities
pertaining to crop production and plantations though in the agriculture sector will not be covered. Thus primarily cultivators themselves would be excluded from the census. However, services incidental to crop production or plantation provided / undertaken by any one individual or a firm or a company by charging fee or rent/compensation e.g. machinery & equipment for tilling/cultivation, preparation of field or sowing harvesting/chaffing, transporting of agriculture goods/produce charging for irrigation facilities etc. as their principal activity would be included and the establishments engaged in such activities would be enumerated.
Non-Agricultural Establishment: Establishments engaged in activities other than agricultural activities (like
crop production & plantation, growing of tea, coffee, rubber, tobacco etc.) will be termed as non-agricultural establishments; i.e. activities which do not fall in the broad activity codes 01 to 04 and are covered under code 05 to 23 in column 12 of Schedule 6A.
Handloom/Handicraft Activity:
Handicraft described as a craft or occupation requiring skilled use of hands. Handicrafts are items made by hand, often using simple tools. These items can be functional, artistic and/or traditional in nature. The need to enumerate crafts in the Sixth Economic Census is to understand and reflect the huge contribution artisan communities make to India‟s economy.
Thus, to summarise, skill of worker and use of hand are two prerequisites for handicraft. It must be predominantly made by hand. It does not matter if some machinery is also used in the process.
19
Handicrafts range from the very simple (diyas, kulhars) to the very complex (stone temples, enamel jewellery). Certain products like baskets, brooms, pots, diyas, mats and chiks could range from very simple to quite complex, but are traditionally considered as handicrafts even in their simplest forms.
At the same time, certain handmade articles are not usually categorized as handicrafts. Activities involving human labour without skill are usually not included.
Nature of Operation: If the entrepreneurial activity is carried on or likely to be carried on throughout
the year more or less regularly, it is treated as perennial activity. If the activity of the establishment is confined to a particular season i.e. fixed months of a year, the same is called the seasonal activity. The economic activity of the establishment which is neither perennial nor seasonal is termed as casual.
Worker: All persons (including children under 15 years of age) working in an
establishments either as owners, members of the household working as co-owner or partner or helping the owner in running the establishment, whether hired or not, besides regular and salaried employees, casual/daily wage labourers would be considered as workers for that establishment.
Own account workers:
They are the self-employed who operate their establishments on their own
account or with one or few partners and who during the reference period by and large, run their establishments without hiring any labour. They may however, have unpaid helpers, mostly family members, to assist them in their activity of the establishments.
Employers: The self-employed persons who work on their own account with one or a few
partners and by and large run their establishments by hiring labour are the employers.
National Industrial Classification (NIC):
The description of activity of the establishment in one of the important items of
information to be carefully recorded. The description should be adequately elaborated to enable proper classification and coding of the entrepreneurial activity during scrutiny and coding stages. Based on the description of the activity / activities, the code(s) will be given in 3-digit level as per NIC – 2008 book supplied.
Type of ownership: The type of ownership of an establishments is classified as (a) Government
including PUSs, (b) Private Proprietary, (c) Private Partnership, (d) Private Corporate Establishment (Companies), (e) Private Self-Help Group, (f) Private Co-operative Societies and (g) Private Non Profit Institution.
20
Government/Public Sector Undertaking:
Establishment which are wholly owned/ run/ managed by Central or State Governments, quasi-government institutions, local government bodies like Zilla/ Gram Panchayat, Zilla Parisad, City Corporation, Municipal
authorities, autonomous bodies like Central/ State/ deemed to be Universities, Education boards, and government owned institutions like schools, libraries etc. set up by the government, with 100% funding are usually called
government establishments. Those run with more than 50% share of the government and remaining share coming from other sources will be treated as
government/ public sector undertaking. All establishments which are not treated as Government/ Public Sector
establishment will be treated a private establishments and classified into one of the following:
Proprietary establishment:
When an individual is the sole owner of an establishment it is a proprietary establishment.
Partnership establishment:
Partnership is defined a „relationship between two or more persons who
have agreed to share the profits of a business carried out by all or any one of
them acting for all‟. There may be two or more owners in a firm, belonging to the same or different household, on a partnership basis, with or without
formal registration. All partnership establishments registered under Partnership Act, 1932 were also covered in the Economic Census.
Private corporate establishment (companies):
Those Private Establishments (companies) registered under the Companies Act, 1956 and carrying out economic activities fall under the category of „Private Corporate Establishments‟. It includes private limited and
public limited companies, as well as establishments registered under Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008.
Non-Profit Institution:
Non-Profit Institution are legal or social entities created for the purpose
of producing goods and services whose status does not permit them to be a
source of income/ profit or other financial gain for the units that establish, control or finance them.
21
Cooperative Societies:
A cooperative society is one that is formed through the co-operation of a number of persons, recognized as members of the society, to benefit themselves. In the process, the funds are raised by members‟ contribution/
investments and the profits generated out of the society‟s activities are shared by the members. Such societies are usually registered under Co-operative Societies Act, 1912.
Self-Help Groups (SHGs):
A self-help group (SHG) is a financial intermediary usually composed of
10-20 local persons. Members make small regular savings/ contributions over a few months until there is enough capital in the group to begin lending. Funds are then lent back to the members or to others in the village for any
purpose. Many SHGs are „linked‟ to banks for the delivery of microcredit. SHG need not be registered.
Nature of operation:
If the entrepreneurial activity is carried on or likely to be carried on (for
newly started establishments) throughout the year more or less regularly, it is
treated a perennial activity. If the activity of the establishments is confined to a particular season i.e.
fixed months of a year, the same is called the seasonal activity. The economic activity of the establishment which is neither perennial nor seasonal is termed
a casual. In case of casual entrepreneurial activity, it is carried out occasionally depending upon the availability of time and resources.
Number of persons employed on the last working day in relation to day
of visit:
The number of persons found working comprising, hired, non-hired
(including family members; unpaid apprentice and owner himself),on the last working day in the establishment with gender breakup: male and female, and the total had been recorded. Eunuchs & Hermaphrodite workers are added
under male. Regular wage/ salaried workers, who are temporarily absent on the last working day were also counted. In case of working owner/other family
workers (i.e. Self-employed persons), those „normally‟ work in the establishment but could not work on the last working day, were also included.
22
Chapter – III Results At-A-Glance
3.1. Establishments
The final result of Sixth Economic Census, shows that there were
2,36,773 establishments in Tripura engaged in different economic activities
other than crop production and plantation in 2013. Out of which, 1,45,295 establishments (61.36%) were in rural areas and remaining 91,478
establishments (38.64%) in urban areas. Around 1,87,408 (79.15%) of the establishments running without any hired workers. The remaining 49,365 (20.85%) establishments run with at least one hired workers. Among these
establishments, 2,16,976 (91.64%) were engaged in non-agricultural activities while rest 19,797 (8.36%) were engaged in agricultural activities other then crop production and plantation.
Out of the total 1,87,408 own account establishments, 1,68,403
(89.86%) were engaged in non-agricultural activities, while the rest 19,005
(10.14%) were engaged in agricultural activities other than crop production and plantation. As far as establishments with hired workers are concerned,
48,573 (98.40%) were engaged in non-agricultural activities, and rest 792 (1.60%) were engaged in agricultural activities.
In rural areas, there were 1,45,295 establishments in the State. Out of these, 17,168 establishments constituting 11.82% were found engaged in
agricultural activities, rest 1, 28,127 forming 88.18% were in non-agricultural activities. Out of total 19,797 agricultural establishments, 17,168 establishments comprising 86.72% were in rural areas. The 1,18,636 rural
establishments (81.65%) were own account establishments and remaining 26,659 (18.35%) rural establishments with hired workers.
Rural 145295
(61.36%)
Urban 91478
(38.64%)
Chart :- 3.1 Percentage share of rural and urban establishments
in Tripura
Rural Urban
23
In urban areas, out of total 91,478 establishments, 88,849 establishments constituting 97.13% were found engaged in non-agricultural
activities and only 2,629 establishments (2.87%) pursued agricultural activities. The 68,772 ( 75.18%) were the own account establishments without
hired workers. Among the non-agricultural establishments in urban area. 66,382 (74.71%) were own account establishments and 22,467 ( 25.29%) were establishments with hired worker.
About 96.88% of total establishments, constituting 2,29,390 had
perennial activities. Around 2,05,495 establishments constituting 86.79% of
total establishments, operated under private ownership. The number of establishments working without premises was 19.86%.
The location wise details of the number and type of establishments of
Tripura with few selected characteristics are presented in the Table – 3.1.
Table : 3.1
Sl. No.
Type of establishment Rural - 2005 Rural - 2013 Urban - 2005 Urban - 2013
Handicraft/Handloom NA NA 6,604 4.55 NA NA 4,321 4.72
24
3.2. Employment
About 4,04,024 persons, 2,33,436 (57.78%) in rural areas and 1,70,588
(42.22%) in urban areas were reported to be working in the establishments
found during the Census.
The number of persons usually working in non-agricultural sector was
3,76,159 (93.10%) and rest 27,865 (6.90%) were in agricultural sector in 2013.
The share of non-agricultural rural employment in the total rural employment was 89.85% and whereas the share of non-agricultural urban employment to total urban employment was 97.56%. The distribution of non-
agricultural employment between rural and urban areas was 55.76% and 44.24%, respectively. Only 2.44% of the persons employed in urban areas are
working in agricultural sector. Hired labour formed a sizable percentage of the total number of persons
working in the establishments. Total 1,56,261 persons constituting 38.68% of total the employment is the hired labour. Of the 1,56,261 hired workers 71,901 constituting 46.01% were employed in urban establishments and
remaining 84,360 hired workers constituting 53.99% were employed in rural establishments.
The share of female workers in total employment was 78,068 which is
around 19.32% of total employment. The females employed in rural areas was
22.56%. The corresponding percentage in urban areas was 14.89% numbering 25,404. Among the hired workers, 47,909 (30.66%) were females.
With premises 73824 (80.70%)
Without premises
17654 (19.30%)
Chart :- 3.2 Percentage share of urban establishments with and
without premises
With premises Without premises
25
The average number of persons employed per establishments was 1.71
on the whole, whereas it was 1.60 in rural areas and 1.86 in urban areas. The average number of persons working per own account establishments (OAEs)
was 1.15 and per establishment with at least one hired worker was 3.83. The details of employment by location with male / female break-up is presented in Table - 3.2.
Table : 3.2
Sl.No.
Type Rural Urban
Combined Number % Number %
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1. Workers usually working in Agricultural Establishments
i) Male 16,924 71.4% 3,044 73.1% 19,968
ii)Female 6,777 28.6% 1,120 26.9% 7,897
iii)Total 23,701 100% 4,164 100% 27,865
2. Workers usually working in Non-Agricultural Establishments
i) Male 1,63,848 78.2% 1,42,140 85.4% 3,05,988
ii)Female 45,887 21.8% 24,284 14.6% 70,171
iii)Total 2,09,735 100% 1,66,424 100% 3,76,159
3. Workers usually working in All Establishments
i) Male 1,80,772 74.8% 1,45,184 79.25% 3,25,956
ii)Female 52,664 25.2% 25,404 20.75% 78,068
iii)Total 2,33,436 100% 1,70,588 100% 4,04,024
4. Workers usually working in OAEs
i) Male 1,27,757 85.7% 89,847 91.04% 2,17,604
ii)Female 21,319 14.3% 8,840 8.96% 30,159
iii)Total 1,49,076 100% 98,687 100% 2,47,763
5. Workers usually working in Establishments with hired workers
i) Male 53,015 62.84% 55,337 76.96% 1,08,352
ii)Female 31,345 37.16% 16,564 23.04% 47,909
iii)Total 84,360 100% 71,901 100% 1,56,261
With premises 115934(79.79%)
Without premises
29361(20.21%)
Chart :- 3.3 Percentage share of rural establishments with and
without premises
With premises Without premises
26
3.3. Economic activity-wise agricultural and non-agricultural
establishments
The economic activity-wise distribution of agricultural and non-agricultural establishments, which were grouped into 23 major activity group, 4 for agricultural activities and 19 for non-agricultural activities, by type of
establishments and by location is presented in Table 3.3 and 3.4, respectively. Among the agricultural establishments livestock services dominated with
its total share of 73.58% followed by fishing & aqua culture 12.21%, forestry and logging 10.71% and agriculture (other than crop-production & plantation)
3.50% , respectively.
Table : 3.3
Sl. No.
Major Activity Group
Rural Urban Combined
OAE
Estt.
With hired
workers
Total OAE
Estt. With hired
workers
Total OAE
Estt. With hired
workers
Total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1. Agriculture other than crop production & plantation
Number of agricultural establishments by major activity groups
27
In non-agricultural sector, retail trade, manufacturing, other service activities, education, transport and accommodation were found most
important economic activities in the state. These six economic activities together shared more than 88.67% of the establishments in non-agricultural
segment. Retail trade, the major economic activity in the State alone share for more than 41% of the non-agricultural establishments and therefore, dominated over all other economic activities in the State. This was followed by
manufacturing (17.07%), other service activities (8.43%), education (8.15%), transport (7.94%) and accommodation and food service activities (5.95%).
In non-agricultural economic activities, the maximum number of workers was found engaged in retail trade 29.39% following by education (19.87%), manufacturing (17.55%), other services (6.91%) and transportation
& storage (5.96%) in the state. Taking together, these five economic activities accounted over 79.68% of the total employment in non-agricultural sector.
31
Rural employment was accounted for 57.78% of the total employment.
Among the agricultural establishments rural employment was 85.06% and in non-agricultural establishments, the proportion of rural employment was
55.76% in the State.
3.5. Establishments with selected characteristics
The detailed of establishments with selected characteristics by their type
and by location are presented in the Table – 3.7.
Distribution of establishments with selected characteristics are as
Distribution of all establishments both agricultural (other than crop
production and plantation) and non-agricultural by major economic activities by their sources of finance is presented in Table – 3.9. Out of total 2,36,773 establishments in the State, 1,92,803 establishments were found to be self
financing. Number of establishments financed by financial institutions and Government sources were 3,473 and 23,235 respectively. A total of 15,093 establishments were reported to have taken assistance of other like NGO,
voluntary organizations etc.
Distribution of all establishments by major activity groups and by source of finance are given below.
District-wise number of establishments and employment there-in
(Population Census 2011) by location (rural/ urban/ combined) and by type of establishments (own account establishments / establishment with hired workers) have been presented in Table – 3.10 and 3.11 respectively.
District-wise percentage distribution of establishments & employment by
location (Population Census – 2011 frame) is given below.
Table : 3.10
Sl. No.
Districts Establishments Employment
Rural Urban Combined Rural Urban Combined
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 West Tripura 54,703
(37.65%) 58,947
(64.44%) 1,13,650
(48%) 90,984
(38.98%) 1,14,851 (67.33%)
2,05,835 (50.94%)
2 South Tripura 46,195
(31.79%) 14,960
(16.35%) 61,155
(25.83%) 71,225
(30.51%) 24,965
(14.64%) 96,190
(23.81%)
3 Dhalai 16,251
(11.19%) 4,256
(4.65%) 20,507 (8.66%)
26,819 (11.49%)
6,796 (3.98%)
33,615 (8.32%)
4 North Tripura 28,146
(19.37%) 13,315
(14.56%) 41,461
(17.51%) 44,408
(19.02%) 23,976
(14.05%) 68,384
(16.93%)
All Tripura 1,45,295 (100%)
91,478 (100%)
2,36,773 (100%)
2,33,436 (100%)
1,70,588 (100%)
4,04,024 (100%)
48%
25.83%
8.66%
17.51%
Chart :- 3.7
District-wise distribution of establishments
West Tripura South Tripura Dhalai North Tripura
34
3.9. Establishments at district level (Population Census-2011 frame)
It has been observed from Table – 3.11 that West Tripura District accounted for more than 48% of total number of establishment. It was followed by South Tripura District and North Tripura District with 25.83% and 17.51%
respectively. Dhalai District accounted for lowest concentration of the establishments with 8.66% in the State.
The district-wise distribution of number of establishments by their type
i.e., Own Account Establishments (OAE) and Establishments (EST) with at
least one hired workers is given below in Table – 3.11.
District-wise total number of establishments by their types is shown below.
Table : 3.11
Sl. No.
Districts OAE %age EST %age Total %age
1 West Tripura 87,913 46.91% 25,737 52.14% 1,13,650 48%
2 South Tripura 49,789 26.57% 11,366 23.02% 61,155 25.83%
3 Dhalai 16,582 8.85% 3,925 7.95% 20,507 8.66%
4 North Tripura 33,124 17.67% 8,337 16.89% 41,461 17.51%
All Tripura 1,87,408 100% 49,365 100% 2,36,773 100%
The district wise concentration of agricultural and non-agricultural establishments by major activity groups are presented in Table 3.12.
50.94%
23.81%
8.32%
16.93%
Chart :- 3.8 District-wise distribution of employment
West District South District Dhalai North District
35
Table : 3.12
Sl. No.
Major activity
Establishments
West Tripura
South Tripura
North Tripura
Dhalai Total
1 Agriculture other than crop production & plantation
218 332 35 107 692
2 Livestock 4,951 6,157 1,638 1,820 14,566
3 Forestry and Logging 1,004 541 202 374 2,121
4 Fishing and aquaculture 875 581 565 397 2,418
5 All agricultural activities 7,048 7,611 2,440 2,698 19,797
6 Mining and Quarrying 13 14 4 20 51
7 Manufacturing 17,001 10,509 3,239 6,298 37,047
8 Electricity, Gas steam & Air Conditioning Supply
185 124 30 102 441
9 Water supply; Sewerage, waste management and remediation activities.
202 131 72 145 550
10 Construction 2,747 1,271 379 1,096 5,493
11 Whole sale and retail trade;
repair of motor vehicles and motor cycles
1,712 698 197 668 3,275
12 Whole sale trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles
2,182 736 126 563 3,607
13 Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles
46,035 21,041 7,411 14,747 89,234
14 Transportation and Storage 9,027 3,599 1,125 3,476 17,227
15 Accommodation and Food service activities
6,138 3,431 1,064 2,281 12,914
16 Information and Communication
478 245 95 197 1,015
17 Financial and insurance activities
932 464 77 377 1,850
18 Real Estate Activities 538 222 128 298 1,186
19 Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities
24 Other service activities not else where classified
8,473 4,492 1,662 3,662 18,289
25 All Non-agricultural activities 1,06,602 53,544 18,067 38,763 2,16,976
All agricultural & non-agricultural activities
1,13,650 61,155 20,507 41,461 2,36,773
3.10. Females workers
Female employment
There were about 78,068 female employments which was 19.32% of the total employment in 2013. In 5th Economic Census, the total female workers
were 60,579, which constituted 15.71% of the total work force. In 1998, Economic Census, the total female workers were 42,945, which constituted 16% of the total work force. The following table depicts the female workers in
agriculture and non-agriculture sectors.
36
Table : 3.13.
Sl.
No. Economic activity
Female Workers
1998 2005 2013
A. Agriculture:
i) Own account establishment 826 3,935 7,658
ii) Establishments with hired workers 123 723 239
iii) Total 949 4,658 7,897
B. Non-agriculture:
i) Own account establishment 10,765 18,543 22,501
ii) Establishments with hired workers 31,231 37,378 47,670
iii) Total 41,996 55,921 70,171
Grand total (A+B) 42,945 60,579 78,068
3.11. Women Entrepreneurs establishments:
The following Table 3.14 shows the district level (Population Census-
2011 frame) establishments and employment under Women Entrepreneurs therein as per 6th Economic Census.
All Tripura 1,87,121 202 85 1,87,408 43,733 3,341 2,291 49,365
40
3.13. Employment at district level (Population Census-2011 frame)
An analysis of Table – 3.21 reveal that West Tripura District has
provided maximum number of employment 2,05,835 persons to an extent of 50.95% of total employment followed by 96,190 (23.81%) persons have been provided employment in South Tripura District and 68,384 (16.93%) persons
in Dhalai District. The North Tripura District has provided minimum number of employment 33,615 (8.32%) persons in State.
District-wise distribution of establishments & employment by type of establishments are as follows:
Table : 3.21
Sl.
No. Districts
Establishments Employment
OAE
Estt.
With
hired workers
Total OAE
Estt. With
hired workers
Total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 West Tripura 87,913 25,737 1,13,650 99,620 1,06,215 2,05,835
2 South
Tripura 49,789 11,366 61,155 57,074 39,116 96,190
3 North
Tripura 16,582 3,925 20,507 19,685 13,930 33,615
4 Dhalai 33,124 8,337 41,461 38,791 29,593 68,384
All Tripura 1,87,408 49,365 2,36,773 2,15,170 1,88,854 4,04,024
Total : 1,45,295 2,33,436 91,478 1,70,588 2,36,773 4,04,024
Number of establishments and employments by source of finance :
a) Self finance 1,12,740 80,063 1,92,803
b) Financial Assistance from
Govt. source 17,717 5,518 23,235
c) Borrowing from financial institutions
2,168 1,305 3,473
d) Borrowing from Non-institutions / Money Lenders
1,105 385 1,490
e) Loan from Self Helf Group 551 128 679
f) Donations / Transfers from other agencies
11,014 4,079 15,093
Total : 1,45,295 91,478 2,36,773
Proprietary establishments by Sector and Sex of the owner :
a) Male 1,11,841 1,41,188 78,987 1,20,583 1,90,828 2,61,771
b) Female 9,316 11,988 5,190 7,892 14,506 19,880
c) Others 49 100 112 220 161 320
Total : 1,21,206 1,53,276 84,289 1,28,695 2,05,495 2,81,971
Women Entrepreneurs by sector and type of establishments and employments :
a) Without Hired Workers 1,18,636 1,37,457 68,772 77,713 1,87,408 2,15,170
b) With atleast one Hired Workers
26,659 95,979 22,706 92,875 49,365 1,88,854
Total : 1,45,295 2,33,436 91,478 1,70,588 2,36,773 4,04,024
Establishments and Employments by Sector
Outside household with
fixed structure 97,537 62,329 1,59,866
Outside household without fixed structure / Inside household
47,758 29,149 76,907
Total : 1,45,295 91,478 2,36,773
43
3.14. Economic Census 1980, 1990, 1998, 2005 and 2013 – A
comparison
In the first Economic Census of 1977, only establishments (employing
one hired worker) were actually covered, while in 2nd (in 1980), 3rd (in 1990), 4th (in 1998), 5th (in 2005) and 6th (in 2013) Economic Censuses both Own
Account Establishments and Establishments with hired workers were covered. Therefore, comparison is actually restricted to 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th Economic Censuses.
According to 2nd Economic Census– 1980, there were 53,641
Establishments which increased to 85,517 establishments in 3rd Economic Census–1990, these establishments increased to 1,04,427 in 4th Economic Census–1998. The total establishments were 1,89,423 in 5th Economic
Census–2005 and these establishments increased to 2,36,773 in 6th Economics Census–2013 in the State.
On the other hand, it has been observed that total employment in these Establishments rose from 1,34,397 in 2nd Economic Census-1980 to 2,20,588
in 3rd Economic Census-1990 to 2,68,257 in 4th Economic Census-1998 and 3,85,708 in 5th Economic Census-2005 and further to 4,04,024 in 6th Economic Census-2013.
The following Table – 3.24 shows the Establishments by location in rural
and urban areas of the State.
Table : 3.24.
Location Number of Establishments
EC-1980 EC-1990 EC-1998 EC-2005 EC-2013
Rural 39,432 60,721 70,378 1,38,860 1,45,295
Urban 14,209 24,796 34,049 50,563 91,478
Combined 56,641 85,517 1,04,427 1,89,423 2,36,773
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
EC -1980
EC -1990
EC -1998
EC -2005
EC -2013
56641 85517 104427
189423 236773
Number of establishments
0
200000
400000
600000
EC -1980
EC -1990
EC -1998
EC -2005
EC -2013
134397 220558
268257
385708 404024
Number of employments
44
The Table – 3.25 shows the employment scenario in the State during 1980 to 2013 as per Economic Censuses.
In addition to above, the Table – 3.26 also shows the selected characteristics of establishments Economic Censuses of 1980, 1990, 1998, 2005 and 2013 in Tripura.
Table : 3.26.
Sl.
No. Characteristics
Number of Establishments
EC-1980 EC-1990 EC-1998 EC-2005 EC-2013
Rural
1) Total Establishments 39,432 60,721 70,378 1,38,860 1,45,295
a) Own account 29,504 44,530 53,895 1,06,594 1,18,636
b) Establishment 9,928 16,191 16,483 32,366 26,659
2) Without premises 10,621 13,297 16,479 43,355 29,361
3) Without power/fuel 28,811 47,484 58,304 41,865 NA
4) Social group of ownership
a) Schedule Caste NA 8,480 13,038 25,862 26,020
b) Schedule Tribe NA 4,782 6,635 23,442 29,834
Urban
1) Total Establishments 14,209 24,796 34,049 50,563 91,478
a) Own account 9,414 16,830 24,430 35,438 68,772
b) Establishment 4,795 7,966 9,619 15,125 22,706
2) Without premises 1,910 4,335 6,068 11,019 17,654
3) Without power/fuel 11,553 12,379 28,196 1,09,145 NA
4) Social group of ownership
a) Schedule Caste NA 2,405 5,034 8,663 18,960
b) Schedule Tribe NA 105 250 564 1,627
Combined
1) Total Establishments 53,641 85,517 1,04,427 1,89,423 2,36,773
a) Own account 38,918 61,350 76,325 1,42,032 1,87,408
b) Establishment 14,723 24,157 26,102 47,391 49,365
2) Without premises 12,531 17,632 22,547 54,374 47,015
3) Without power/fuel 40,364 59,863 86,500 1,51,010 NA
4) Social group of ownership
a) Schedule Caste 6,686 10,885 18,022 34,525 44,980
b) Schedule Tribe 1,647 4,887 6,885 24,006 31,461
45
Chapter – IV
Agricultural Establishments
For the purpose of Economic Census, an agricultural establishment is defined as one engaged in plant propagation, animal production, agricultural services, hunting and trapping, forestry, logging, fishing and aquaculture
(corresponding to Groups 013, 014, 016, 017, 021, 022, 031 & 032 of NIC – 2008). Establishments engaged in activities pertaining to crop production and plantations (Group 011 of NIC – 2008) are excluded from the coverage of
Economic Census, 2013.
Establishments – According to Sixth Economic Census, there were 19,797 agricultural establishments (excluding crop production and plantation) in Tripura. They accounted for 8.36% of the total establishments. It was seen
that out of 19,797 agricultural establishments, 19,005 establishments, constituting 96% of total agricultural establishments, were own account
establishments (OAE). The rest 792(4%) were agricultural establishments with hired workers.
About 17168 (86.72%) of the agricultural establishments were located in
rural areas out of which (96.78%) of them were own account establishments
and rest were establishments with hired workers. In urban areas too own account establishments shared the major chunk 90.91% of the agricultural establishment.
Employment – Agricultural establishments (excluding crop production
and plantation) engaged 27,865 persons, which constituted 6.90% of the total employment. Of these, 25,516 (91.57%) were engaged in our account
establishments and remaining 2,349 (8.43%) establishment with hired workers.
16615
553
17168
2390
239
2629
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
OAE Estt. with hired worker All Establishment
Distribution of agricultural establishments
Rural Urban
46
About 85.06% of the total agricultural employments numbering 23,701
were working in rural areas. Out of these 93.45% persons worked in own account establishments and rest in establishments with hired worker. About 6.55% of the persons working in rural agricultural establishment were hired
workers.
In urban areas; proportion of employment in own account
establishments and in establishments with hired workers were marginally different as we observed in rural areas. About 80.86% of the total urban
agricultural employments were in own account establishments and rest 19.14% in establishments with hired worker.
Total female employment constituted 28.34% of total employment in agricultural establishments (excluding crop production and plantation).
A more higher proportion of 86.84% of the female workers in agricultural establishment were found working in rural areas. In urban areas; proportion of
female workers in agricultural establishments was13.16%. The number of agricultural establishments by type and employment
there-in are given in the Table 3.1.
The following Table – 4.1 shows the distribution of agricultural
establishments and employment therein.
Table : 4.1.
Sl. No.
Type of
Establishments & Employment
Rural Urban Combined Number Number % age Number % age
A) Own Account Establishments
I. Number 16,615 87.42% 2,390 12.58% 19,005
II. Employment
a) Total 22,149 86.80% 3,367 13.20 25,516
b) Male 16,063 86.20% 2,571 13.80% 18,634
c) Female 6,650 86.84% 1,008 13.16% 7,658
B) Establishments with at least one hired worker
I. Number 553 69.82% 239 30.18% 792
II. Employment
a) Total 1,552 66.07% 797 33.93% 2,349
b) Hired 988 62.81% 585 37.19% 1,573
c) Male 861 64.54% 473 35.46% 1,334
d) Female 127 53.14% 112 46.86% 239
C) All Establishments
I. Number 17,168 86.72% 2,629 13.28% 19,797
II. Employment
a) Total 23,701 85.06% 4,164 14.94% 27,865
b) Hired 988 62.81% 585 37.19% 1,573
c) Male 16,924 84.76% 3,044 15.24% 19,968
d) Female 6,777 85.82% 1,120 14.18% 7,897
47
The rural-urban location wise distribution of agricultural establishments by type of establishments together with certain selection characteristics of the
The distribution of agricultural workers by location, type and selected characteristics is as follows.
17168
1527
4234
2112 2629
188 373 440
19797
1715
4607
2552
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
All Establishment Non-perennial Without premises Women Entrepreneurs
Selected charecteristics of agricultural establishments
Rural Urban Combined
48
Table : 4.3.
Rural Urban Combined
No. of establish
ment
Persons working
No. of establishment
Persons working
No. of establish
ment
Persons working
All Establishments 17,168 23,701 2,629 4,164 19,797 27,865
Proprietary establishments by Social Group of Owner
a) SC 3,264 4,399 634 900 3,898 5,299
b) ST 6,996 8,878 206 238 7,202 9,116
c) OBC 2,684 3,818 753 1,236 3,437 5,054
d) Others 3,582 4,944 928 1,393 4,510 6,337
Total : 16,526 22,039 2,521 3,767 19,047 25,806
Proprietary establishments by Religion of the owner
a) Hindu 13,769 18,334 2,232 3,363 16,001 21,697
b) Islam 1,046 1,389 171 247 1,217 1,636
c) Christian 670 797 29 38 699 835
d) Sikh 1 1 0 0 1 1
e) Buddhist 473 762 46 55 519 817
f) Parsi 1 2 0 0 1 2
g) Jain 5 6 1 1 6 7
h) Others 561 748 42 63 603 811
Total : 16,526 22,039 2,521 3,767 19,047 25,806
Nature of Operation
a) Perennial 15,641 21,627 2,441 3,896 18,082 25,523
b) Seasonal 1,337 1,847 166 239 1,503 2,086
c) Casual 190 227 22 29 212 256
Total : 17,168 23,701 2,629 4,164 19,797 27,865
Type of ownership for sector
a) Govt./PSU 69 268 22 220 91 488
b) Private : Proprietary 16,526 22,039 2,521 3,767 19,047 25,806
c) Private : Partnership 69 212 30 71 99 283
d) Private : Company 0 0 0 0 0 0
e) Private : Self-Help Group 168 613 6 29 174 642
f) Private : Co-operative 12 87 2 4 14 91
g) Private : Non-Profit Institution
8 12 0 0 8 12
h) Private : Others 316 470 48 73 364 543
Total : 17,168 23,701 2,629 4,164 19,797 27,865
49
69 16526
69
0
168 12
8 316
22 2521
30
0
6 2
0 48
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Distribution of establishments in agricultural sector by type of ownership
Urban Rural
268
22039 212
0
613 87 12
470
220
3767 71
0
29 4 0
73
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Distribution of employments in agricultural sector by type of ownership
Urban Rural
50
Non-perennial Establishments : About 1,715 establishments, accounting 8.66% of the agricultural establishments, were non-perennial. Out of these,
1,527 agricultural establishments were located in rural areas and remaining 188 agricultural establishments were in urban areas.
Premises status : It has been observed that a high proportion of 23.27%
agricultural establishments numbering 4,607 operated without any fixed
premises. Out of these, 91.90% were located in the rural areas and the rest 8.10% in urban areas.
Ownership by social group : It has been observed that persons belonging
to schedule castes owned 19.69% of agricultural establishments. The percentage share of establishments owned by schedule tribes and other backward classes were 36.38% and 17.36%, respectively.
Inter-District comparison (Population Census-2011) : The district-wise
distribution of agricultural establishments by their type of location has been given in Table – 3.3. It has observed that South Tripura had the maximum
number of agricultural establishments constituting 38.45% of all agricultural establishments in the State. It was followed by West Tripura District (35.60%),
North Tripura District (13.63) and Dhalai District (12.33%).
The following Table – 4.4 shows the district-wise number of agricultural
establishments and employment (Population Census-2011 frame) there-in Tripura as per Population Census-2011.
35.60%
38.45%
12.33%
13.63%
District wise percentage share of agricultural establishments in Tripura
West Tripura South Tripura Dhalai North Tripura
51
Table : 4.4.
Sl. No.
Name of District
OAE (without hired worker) Estt. with atleast one
hired worker All Enterprise
No. of establishment
Persons working
No. of establishme
nt
Persons working
No. of establish
ment
Persons working
1. West Tripura 6,660 8,756 388 1,109 7,048 9,865
2. South Tripura 7,364 9,847 247 762 7,611 10,609
3. Dhalai 2,381 3,389 59 173 2,440 3,562
4. North Tripura 2,600 3,524 98 305 2,698 3,829
TRIPURA 19,005 25,516 792 2,349 19,797 27,865
Table : 4.5.
Sl. No.
Name of District
Rural Urban Total
No. of establishment
Persons working
No. of establishment
Persons working
No. of establish
ment
Persons working
1. West Tripura 5,529 7,356 1,519 2,509 7,048 9,865
2. South Tripura 6,954 9,656 657 953 7,611 10,609
3. Dhalai 2,293 3,341 147 221 2,440 3,562
4. North Tripura 2,392 3,348 306 481 2,698 3,829
TRIPURA 17,168 23,701 2,629 4,164 19,797 27,865
52
Chapter – V
Non-agricultural Establishments
A non-agricultural establishment for the purpose of Sixth Economic
Census has been defined as an establishment which was engaged in mining and quarrying; manufacturing; electricity; gas steam & air conditioning supply,
water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities, construction; whole sale trade except of motor vehicles and motorcycles, retail trade except of motor vehicles and motorcycles transportation and storage,
accommodation and food service activities, information and communication, financial and insurance activities, real estate activities, professional, scientific and technical activities, administrative and support service activities,
education, human health and social work activities, arts, entertainment, sports, amusement & recreation, other service activities not elsewhere
classified etc. i.e., activities corresponding to sections C to O and Q of NIC – 2008. In short establishments other than the agricultural establishments are non-agricultural establishments.
Establishments
In Tripura there were about 2,16,976 non-agricultural establishments and they accounted for 91.64% total establishments in the State.
Among the non-agricultural establishments; 1,28,127 (59.05%) were located in rural areas and the rest 88,849 (40.95%) in urban areas.
102021
26106
128127
66382
22467
88849
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
OAE Estt. with hired worker All
Distribution of non-agricultural establishments
Rural Urban
53
The own account non-agricultural establishments numbering 1,68,403 formed 77.61% of the total non-agricultural establishments. The
establishments with at-least one hired worker editing up to 48,573 constituted 22.39% of the total non-agricultural establishments. About 40.95% of the non-
agricultural establishments were in urban areas and 59.05% in rural areas. The distribution of non-agricultural establishments and employment
there-in by types of establishments with rural-urban break-up is given in Table– 5.1.
Table : 5.1.
Sl.
No.
Type of Establishments
& Employment
Rural Urban Combined
Number Number % age Number % age
Own Account Establishments
a) Number 1,02,021 60.58% 66,382 39.42% 1,68,403
b) Employment :
i) Total 1,15,308 60.80% 74,346 39.20% 1,89,654
ii) Male 1,11,694 56.14% 87,276 43.86% 1,98,970
iii) Female 14,669 65.19% 7,832 34.81% 22,501
Establishments with hired worker
a) Number 26,106 53.75% 22,467 46.25% 48,573
b) Employment :
i) Total 94,427 50.63% 92,078 49.37 1,86,505
ii) Hired 83,372 53.90% 71,316 46.10% 1,54,688
iii) Male 52,154 48.73% 54,864 51.27% 1,07,018
iv) Female 31,218 65.49% 16,452 34.51% 47,670
All Establishments
a) Number 1,28,127 59.05% 88,849 40.95% 2,16,976
b) Employment :
i) Total 2,09,735 55.76% 1,66,424 44.24% 3,76,159
ii) Hired 83,372 53.90% 71,316 46.10% 1,54,688
iii) Male 1,63,848 53.55% 1,42,140 46.45% 3,05,988
iv) Female 45,887 65.39% 24,284 34.61% 70,171
Employment
About 3,76,159 persons worked in these non-agricultural establishments; which constitute 93.10% of the total employment size. Of
these; 2,21,471 persons (58.88%) were employed in own account establishments and the remaining 1,54,688 (41.12%) in establishments with
hired workers. About 55.76% of the total employment in non-agricultural sector was engaged in rural areas, whereas 44.24% of the total employment in non-agricultural sector was in urban sector.
There were 1,54,688 hired workers working in the non-agricultural
establishments, which constitute 41.12% of total workers in the non-
agricultural sector. The 53.90% of them were found in rural areas.
54
An average employment of 1.73 persons was observed in non-agricultural establishments against all India average of 2.05 persons. The
proportion of the average employment was found 1.87 persons in urban areas and 1.63 persons in rural areas. Own Account Establishments (OAE) and Establishments with hired workers had an average employment of 1.98
persons and 2.01 persons, respectively, in these non-agricultural establishments.
Female workers constituted 18.65% of total employment in non-agricultural establishments.
The following Table – 5.2 shows the distribution of non-agricultural
employment by types of major economic activity groups.
Table : 5.2.
Sl. No.
Major Activity Group OAE % age EST* % age ALL % age
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 Mining and Quarrying 37 0.02% 1,052 0.56% 1,089 0.29%
The distribution of persons usually working in non-agricultural
establishments along with number of hired persons by district is presented in
Table – 5.6.
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
51
37047
441 550
5493 3275 3607
89234
17227
12914
1015 1850
1186 2455
1518
17677
2452 695
18289
Distribution of non-agricultural establishments (combined) in Tripura
60
The district–wise number of persons usually working and hired workers in non-agricultural establishments by districts are as under:
Table : 5.6.
Sl. No.
District Total
workers % age
Hired workers
% age %age of hired
workers to
total workers
1 West District 1,95,970 52.10% 1,05,106 56.36% 53.63%
2 South District 85,581 22.75% 38,354 20.56% 44.82%
3 Dhalai 30,053 7.99% 13,757 7.38% 45.78%
4 North District 64,555 17.16% 29,288 15.70% 45.37%
All District 3,76,159 100% 1,86,505 100% 49.58%
Directory of establishment Schedule 6C (8 or more workers establishments) :-
In Sixth Economic Census-2013 “Directory of establishment” i.e. 8 or
more workers establishment (Total worker hired and non hired 8 or more), name of the establishment, address and description of major activity, registration and other details are recorded in Directory of establishment
schedule 6(C). In Tripura, there were about 2804 establishments with Directory of Establishment/ 8 or more workers and they accounted for 1.18%
of total establishments in the state. Among the establishment with 8 or more workers establishment total
1843 (65.73%) establishment in rural areas and the rest 961(34.27%) in urban area.
Employment:-
About 66,166 persons employed in “Directory of Establishment (8 or
more workers establishment)” which constitutes 16.38% of total employment in the state and located 34,289 (51.82%) in rural areas and rest 31,877
(48.18%) in urban areas.
Table : 5.7.
SL No.
Establishment & Employment
Rural Urban Total
Number %age Number %age
1. Establishment 1,843 65.73% 961 34.27% 2,804
2. Employment 34,289 51.82% 31,877 48.18% 66,166
61
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
Rural Urban Combined
Distribution of establishments and employments in 8 or more workers establishments
Establishments Employments
62
Chapter – VI
Handloom/ Handicraft Establishments:
Background: Due to paucity of data on handloom & handicraft sector, it was decided
to capture the information regarding handloom and handicraft manufacturing establishments during Sixth Economic Census. In the main schedule on item
regarding the major activity of the establishment was included i.e. “Is it a handloom/ handicraft activity?” The enquiry was restricted to manufacturing activity only. The decision for inclusion of the item was taken at national level
after due consultation with erstwhile Planning Commission, Development Commissioner (Handicraft), Development Commissioner (Handloom), Craft
Council of India and other stake holders. The purpose of including this item in the Sixth Economic Census was to assess the number of handloom and handicraft establishments in the State as well as in the country and persons
employed therein and also for undertaking further surveys for assessing the contribution of this sector.
Definition of handloom & handicraft activity:
Handloom/Handicraft describes a craft or occupation requiring skilled use of hands. Handicrafts are items made by hand, often using simple tools. These items can be functional, artistic and/ or traditional in nature. The need
to enumerate crafts in the Sixth Economic Census is to understand and reflect the huge contribution artisan communities make to India‟s economy. Thus, to summarise, skill of worker and use of hand are two prerequisites for
handicraft. It must be predominantly made by hand. It does not matter if some machinery is also used in the process. Handicrafts range from the very simple
(diyas, kulhars) to the very complex (stone temples, enamel jewellery) work. Certain products like baskets, brooms, pots, diyas, mats and chiks could range from very simple to quite complex, but are traditionally considered as
handicrafts even in their simplest forms. As the same time, certain handmade articles are not usually categorized as handicrafts. Activities involving human
labour without skill are usually not included. Handicraft/Handloom establishments are those which involved
predominat role of human skills and performed by hands using traditional knowledge and simple tools.
Two broad categories for exclusion comprised of the following activities:
All food items like papads, pickles, etc, which may be handmade.
Items like bricks, bidis, agarbattis, mach sticks, firecrackers etc.
which are made by hand but not distinguished by distinctive skills.
For the purpose of Sixth Economic Census, the work handicraft includes
handlooms, so all manner of hand weaving activities was considered under the
same.
63
Establishment:
During Sixth Economic Census, information was collected from each of the such manufacturing unit where hand as well as skill is being used in the
manufacturing activity. In the Census, large number of activities, involving hands but not artistry/skill has been excluded despite generating employment and turn over, with a purpose to capture pure handloom & handicraft
activities. It is found that about 10,925 handloom and handicraft establishments
were in Tripura, out of which 60.45% were located in rural areas and remaining 39.55% were located in urban areas.
Further, about 8,680 (79.50%) establishments were run without hired
workers against All India similar proportion of 78.90%. Moreover, 94.98% of
these establishments were perennial, 4.19% were seasonal and rests 0.82% were casual in nature against All India similar establishments of 88.7%, 9.0%
and 2.3%. Employment:
It may be seen from the following table that during the period of Sixth
Economic Census, about 18,200 persons were employed in handloom and
handicraft sector in the State. In this sector, the percentage of persons employed in establishments in the State without hired workers was 60.79%
against All India similar proportion of 58.11%.
The following table depicts the number of handloom and handicraft establishments by nature of operations in the State.
Table : 6.1.
Rural Urban Combined
No. of
establishm
ent
Persons
working
No. of
establish
ment
Persons
working
No. of
establish
ment
Persons
working
Perennial 6,217 9,612 4,160 7,741 10,377 17,353
Seasonal 332 526 126 215 458 741
Casual 55 68 35 38 90 106
Total : 6,604 10,206 4,321 7,994 10,925 18,200
64
The following Table depicts the number of handloom and handicraft
establishments by type of ownership in the State.
Table : 6.2.
Sl. No.
Item Numbers of Establishment
Persons working
i) Government/ PSU 56 342
ii) Private :Proprietary 10,596 17,185
iii) Partnership 42 117
iv) Company 2 6
v) Self-Help Groups 14 77
vi) Co-operatives 12 110
vii) Non-Profit Institutions 2 3
viii) Others 201 360
Total : 10,925 18,200
The following Table also by number of handloom and handicraft establishments by source of finance in the State.
Table : 6.3.
Item Numbers of Establishment
Persons working
i) Self finance 9,870 15,805
ii) Financial assistance from government
sources
327 1,107
iii) Borrowing from financial institutions 189 395
iv) Borrowing from non-financial institutions
119 230
v) Loan from SHGs 49 89
vi) Donation transfer from other agencies 371 574
Total : 10,925 18,200
10,377
458 90
No. of establishments
Perennial Seasonal
17,353
741 106
No. of employments
Perennial Seasonal Casual
65
Sex of ownership of establishments:
The following Table depicts the number of handloom and handicraft by sex of ownership at private ownership level in the State.
Table : 6.4.
Rural Urban Combined
No. of
establish
ment
Persons
working
No. of
establish
ment
Persons
working
No. of
establish
ment
Persons
working
a) Male 5,512 8,337 3,933 7,264 9,445 15,601
b) Female 881 1,156 262 415 1,143 1,571
c) Others 0 0 8 13 8 13
Total : 6,393 9,493 4,203 7,692 10,596 17,185
Table : 6.5.
Sl. No.
Item Numbers of
Establishment Persons working
Rural
i) Outside HH with fixed structure 3,369 5,331
ii) Outside HH without fixed structure 682 4,875
iii) Inside HH 2,553
Rural - Total 6,604 10,206
Urban
i) Outside HH with fixed structure 2,922 5,608
ii) Outside HH without fixed structure 273 2,386
iii) Inside HH 1,126
Urban – Total 4,321 7,994
Combined
i) Outside HH with fixed structure 6,291 10,939
ii) Outside HH without fixed structure 955 7,261
iii) Inside HH 3,679
Combined – Total 10,925 18,200
Social group of the private ownership of establishments and employment:
It is observed that majority of handloom and handicraft establishments in the State 37.58% were owned by Other Backward Castes (OBC).
66
Table : 6.6.
Sl. No.
Item Numbers of Establishment
Numbers of Employment
Rural
i) SC 1,637 2,344
ii) ST 975 1,373
iii) OBC 2,290 3,479
iv) Others 1,491 2,297
Total – Rural 6,393 9,493
Urban
i) SC 774 1,245
ii) ST 46 72
iii) OBC 1,692 2,949
iv) Others 1,691 3,426
Total – Urban 4,203 7,692
Grand Total 10,596 17,185
Religion of private ownership of establishments and employment:
The following Table depicts the private ownership level establishment
and employment therein in the State.
Table : 6.7.
Sl. No. Item Numbers of
Establishment Numbers of Employment
i) Hindu 9,660 15,640
ii) Islam 426 740
iii) Christian 158 229
iv) Sikh 0 0
v) Buddhist 45 59
vi) Persi 0 0
vii) Jain 0 0
viii) Others 307 517
Total 10,596 17,185
67
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
Self finance Financialassistance
fromgovernment
sources
Borrowingfrom financial
institutions
Borrowingfrom non-financial
institutions
Loan fromSHGs
Donationtransfer from
other agencies
Handloom and handicrafts establishments & employments by source of finance
Numbers of Establishment Persons working
68
Chapter – VII
Women Entrepreneurs
Introduction
Women‟s equal access and control over economic and financial resources
is critical for the achievement of gender equality and empowerment of women as well as equitable and sustainable economic growth and development.
In Tripura female literacy rate was 82.7% as per Population Census
2011. Further, work force participation rate for female was 23.57 as per
Population Census 2011. Women have started playing important roles in decision making at all levels.
Although data on women labour force, literacy, health aspects etc., are being generated regularly though regular Censuses and Surveys but data on
women entrepreneurialship at national level is rather scanty. Therefore, during Sixth Economic Census, question related to women entrepreneurship in proprietary ownership were added. It covers sex, relation, social group,
economic activity, number of workers employed (hired and not hired) and source of finance.
It has been observed that 14,506 out of the total 2,36,773
establishments were run by women entrepreneurs in Tripura which is around
6.13% of the total number of establishments. Total workers engaged in women owned & run establishments were 19,880 persons, which is 4.92% of the total number of workers engaged in Tripura under different economic activities.
Establishments
The total number of establishments owned by women entrepreneurs was
14,506 out of which 9,316 constituting about 64.22% of the total
establishments were located in rural areas and the remaining 5,190 (35.78%) were located in urban areas. Further, about 13,168 establishments i.e.,
90.78% operated without hired workers and 1,338 (9.22%) operated with hired workers. The percentage of establishments without hired workers in rural areas was 94.34% whereas, in urban areas, it was 84.37%. The number of
women establishments involved in agricultural activities was 2,552 constituting 17.59% of the total number of establishments owned by women.
Employment
The total number of persons employed in establishments owned by women was 19,880. Further 11,988 (60.30%) persons were employed in establishments located in rural areas and 7,892 (39.70%) persons were
employed in establishments located in urban areas. 14,951 (75.21%) persons were working in establishments without hired workers whereas 4,929 (24.79%)
persons were working in establishments with hired workers.
69
The following Table depicts the number of establishments and
employments under Women Entrepreneurs by sector and social group of the owner in the State.
Table : 7.1.
Ownership
Rural Urban Combined
No. of establishment
Persons working
No. of establishment
Persons working
No. of establishment
Persons working
a) SC 1,606 1,915 1,112 1,428 2,718 3,343
b) ST 3,390 3,929 267 364 3,657 4,293
c) OBC 1,821 2,261 1,222 1,669 3,043 3,930
d) Others 2,499 3,883 2,589 4,431 5,088 8,314
Total : 9,316 11,988 5,190 7,892 14,506 19,880
The following Table depicts the number of establishments and
employments under Women Entrepreneurs by sector and nature of operation
in the State. Table : 7.2.
Ownership
Rural Urban Combined
No. of establishment
Persons working
No. of establishment
Persons working
No. of establishment
Persons working
a) Perinnial 8,660 11,146 4,926 7,560 13,586 18,706
b) Seasonal 530 687 184 239 714 926
c) Casual 126 155 80 93 206 248
Total : 9,316 11,988 5,190 7,892 14,506 19,880
The following Table depicts the distribution of establishments and employments under Women Entrepreneurs by Major Source of Finance in the State.
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
SC ST OBC Others
Distribution of establishments under women entrepreneurs by social group of owner
Rural Urban Combined
70
Table : 7.3.
Ownership
Rural Urban Combined
No. of establishment
Persons working
No. of establishment
Persons working
No. of establishment
Persons working
a) Self finance 8,222 9,994 4,631 6,639 12,853 16,633
b) Financial Assistance from Govt. source
320 912 138 427 458 1,339
c) Borrowing from financial institutions
123 220 103 305 226 525
d) Borrowing from Non-
institutions / Money Lenders 84 113 38 47 122 160
e) Loan from Self Help Group 29 36 17 21 46 57
f) Donations / Transfers from other agencies
538 713 263 453 801 1,166
Total : 9,316 11,988 5,190 7,892 14,506 19,880
The following Table depicts the number of establishments and
employments under Women Entrepreneurs by sector and religion of the owner in the State.
Table : 7.4.
Ownership Rural Urban Combined
No. of establishment
Persons working
No. of establishment
Persons working
No. of establishment
Persons working
a) Hindu 7,067 8,647 4,701 6,802 11,768 15,449
b) Islam 774 938 147 184 921 1,122
c) Christian 594 709 36 51 630 760
d) Sikh 4 5 2 4 6 9
e) Buddhist 289 347 27 43 316 390
f) Parsi 0 0 0 0 0 0
g) Jain 0 0 2 4 2 4
h) Others 588 1,342 275 804 863 2,146
Total : 9,316 11,988 5,190 7,892 14,506 19,880
The following Table depicts the distribution of establishments and
employments under Women Entrepreneurs as per employment class in the State.
Table : 7.5.
Ownership
Rural Urban Combined
No. of establishment
Persons working
No. of establishment
Persons working
No. of establishment
Persons working
a) 1-5 9,247 11,132 5,101 6,866 14,348 17,998
b) 6-9 40 267 65 425 105 692
c) 10 & above 29 589 24 601 53 1,190
Total : 9,316 11,988 5,190 7,892 14,506 19,880
The following Table depicts the distribution of broad activity wise total number of establishments and employments under Women Entrepreneurs in the State.
71
Table : 7.6.
No. of establishment Persons working
Broad activity Without Hired
Workers
With Atleast
One Hired
Worker
Total Without Hired
Workers
With Atleast
One Hired
Worker
Total
01 - Activities relating to agriculture other than crop production & plantation
Total 118636 26659 145295 68772 22706 91478 187408 49365 236773
Type of establishment Type of establishment Type of establishment
Broad
activity
Table-1: Total No. of establishments by Broad activity, sector (Rural/Urban/Combined) and type of establishment(Without Hired Workers, With Atleast one Hired
21 - Human health & social work activities 4211 595 14.1 566 13.4 29 .7 0 .0
22 - Arts entertainment, sports & amusement and recreation 541 316 58.4 295 54.5 17 3.1 4 .7
23 - Other service activities not else where classified 15482 6344 41.0 6100 39.4 243 1.6 1 .0
Sub total : Non-Agricultiural Activities 209735 131237 62.6 121639 58.0 9510 4.5 88 .0
Total 233436 153276 65.7 141188 60.5 11988 5.1 100 .0
Table : 14.A : Broad activity wise Number and Percentage distribution of persons employed in proprietary establishments by Sex of the owners and sector in Tripura
Broad activity
99
Sector = Urban
Total No. of
Persons
Employed
Total Persons
Employed in
Proprietary
establishments
% of Persons
Employed in
Proprietary
Establishments
Male % Male Female % Female Others % Others
01 - Activities relating to agriculture other than crop production & plantation 119 97 81.5 96 99.0 1 1.0 0 .0
Total 170588 128695 1547.0 120583 2094.6 7892 202.0 220 3.4
Table : 14.A : Broad activity wise Number and Percentage distribution of persons employed in proprietary establishments by Sex of the owners and sector in Tripuraa
Broad activity
100
Total No. of
Persons
Employed
Total Persons
Employed in
Proprietary
establishments
% of Persons
Employed in
Proprietary
Establishments
Male % Male Female % Female Others % Others
01 - Activities relating to agriculture other than crop production & plantation 957 917 95.8 887 92.7 30 3.1 0 .0
Total 404024 281971 69.8 261771 64.8 19880 4.9 320 .1
Table : 14.B : Broad activity wise Number and Percentage distribution of persons employed in proprietary establishments by Sex of the owners and sector in Tripura
Broad
activity
101
Sector = Rural
Total No. of
Persons
Employed
Total Persons
Employed in
Proprietary
establishments
% of Persons
Employed in
Proprietary
Establishments
SC % SC ST % ST OBC % OBC Others%
Others
01 - Activities relating to agriculture other than crop production & plantation 838 820 97.9 168 20.0 169 20.2 232 27.7 251 30.0
Table : 15.A : Broad activity wise Number and Percentage distribution of persons employed in proprietary establishments by Social Group of the owners and sector in Tipura
Broad
activity
102
Sector = Urban
Total No. of
Persons
Employed
Total Persons
Employed in
Proprietary
establishments
% of Persons
Employed in
Proprietary
Establishments
SC % SC ST % ST OBC % OBC Others%
Others
01 - Activities relating to agriculture other than crop production & plantation 119 97 81.5 23 19.3 5 4.2 37 31.1 32 26.9
Table : 15.A : Broad activity wise Number and Percentage distribution of persons employed in proprietary establishments by Social Group of the owners and sector in Tripura
Broad
activity
103
Sector : Rural
Total No. of
Persons
Employed
Total Persons
Employed in
Proprietary
establishments
% of Persons
Employed in
Proprietary
Establishments
SC % SC ST % ST OBC % OBC Others%
Others
01 - Activities relating to agriculture other than crop production & plantation 957 917 95.8 191 20.0 174 18.2 269 28.1 283 29.6
Table : 15.A. : Broad activity wise Number and Percentage distribution of persons employed in proprietary establishments by Social Group of the owners in Tripura
Broad
activity
104
Sector = Rural
Total No.
of Persons
Employed
Total Persons
Employed in
Proprietary
establishments
% of Persons
Employed in
Proprietary
Establishments
Hindu % Hindu Islam%
Islam
Christi
an
%
Christi
an
Sikh % SikhBuddhi
st
%
Buddhi
st
Parsi%
ParsiJain % Jain Others
%
Others
01 - Activities relating to agriculture other than crop production & plantation 838 820 97.9 659 78.6 75 8.9 22 2.6 0 .0 41 4.9 0 .0 0 .0 23 2.7
Table : 16.A : Broad activity wise Number and Percentage distribution of persons employed in proprietary establishments by Religion of the owner and sector in Tripura
Broad
activity
105
Sector = Urban
Total No.
of Persons
Employed
Total Persons
Employed in
Proprietary
establishments
% of Persons
Employed in
Proprietary
Establishments
Hindu % Hindu Islam%
Islam
Christi
an
%
Christi
an
Sikh % SikhBuddhi
st
%
Buddhi
st
Parsi%
ParsiJain % Jain Others
%
Others
01 - Activities relating to agriculture other than crop production & plantation 119 97 81.5 90 75.6 3 2.5 0 .0 0 .0 1 .8 0 .0 0 .0 3 2.5
Table : 16.B : Broad activity wise Number and Percentage distribution of persons employed in proprietary establishments by Religion of the owner and sector in Tripuraa
Broad
activity
106
Total No.
of Persons
Employed
Total Persons
Employed in
Proprietary
establishments
% of Persons
Employed in
Proprietary
Establishments
Hindu % Hindu Islam%
Islam
Christ
ian
%
Christ
ian
Sikh % Sikh Buddhist%
BuddhistParsi % Parsi Jain % Jain Others
%
Others
01 - Activities relating to agriculture other than crop production & plantation 957 917 95.8 749 81.7 78 8.5 22 2.4 0 .0 42 4.6 0 .0 0 .0 26 2.8
Table : 16.C : Broad activity wise Number and Percentage distribution of persons employed in proprietary establishments by Religion of the owner in Tripura
Broad
activity
107
Table : 17 : District wise total number of establishments for all broad activity by sector and type of establishment in Tripura
Number of Establishments
Sector
Rural Urban Combined
Type of establishment Type of establishment Type of establishment
Without Hired
Workers
With Atleast One Hired
Worker Total
Without Hired
Workers
With Atleast One Hired
Worker Total Without Hired
Workers
With Atleast One Hired
Worker Total
District 01 - West Tripura 44287 10416 54703 43626 15321 58947 87913 25737 113650
Total 8789 527 9316 4379 811 5190 13168 1338 14506
Type of establishment Type of establishment Type of establishment
Broad
activity
Table : 33: Total no. of establishments under women entrepreneurs by broad activity, sector (Rural/Urban/Combined) and type of establishment (without hired workers, with at least one hired
worker and all ) in Tripura
Number of establishments without Hired Workers
Sector
Rural Urban Combined
132
Without
Hired
Workers
With Atleast
One Hired
Worker Total
Without
Hired
Workers
With Atleast
One Hired
Worker Total
Without
Hired
Workers
With Atleast
One Hired
Worker Total
01 - Activities relating to agriculture other than crop production & plantation 15 14 29 1 0 1 16 14 30
Total 10048 1940 11988 4903 2989 7892 14951 4929 19880
Type of establishment Type of establishment Type of establishment
Broad
activity
Table : 34 : Broad Activity wise total number of persons employed in establishments under Women Entrepreneurs by sector and type of establishment in Tripura
Number of persons employed
Sector
Rural Urban Combined
133
Table : 35 : District wise Total number handloom / handicraft establishments and Source of Finance in Tripura
Number of establishments without Hired Workers
Major source of finance
1 - Self finance
2 - Financial Assistance from Govt.
sources
3 - Borrowing from financial
institutions
4 - Borrowing from Non-
institutions / Money
Lenders
5 - Loan from Self Help
Group
9 - Donations / Transfers from other agencies
Total
District 01 - West Tripura 4963 196 115 75 23 191 5563
02 - South Tripura 2638 49 22 9 8 84 2810
03 - Dhalai 493 17 8 5 5 7 535
04 - North Tripura 1776 65 44 30 13 89 2017
Total 9870 327 189 119 49 371 10925
Table 36 : District wise Total number of persons employed in handloom / handicraft establishments and Source of Finance in Tripura
Number of persons employed
Major source of finance
1 - Self finance
2 - Financial Assistance from Govt.
sources
3 - Borrowing from financial
institutions
4 - Borrowing from Non-
institutions / Money
Lenders
5 - Loan from Self Help
Group
9 - Donations / Transfers from other agencies
Total
District
01 - West Tripura 8377 729 228 156 37 296 9823
02 - South Tripura 3910 143 40 19 12 109 4233
03 - Dhalai 714 93 28 6 6 26 873
04 - North Tripura 2804 142 99 49 34 143 3271
Total 15805 1107 395 230 89 574 18200
134
Table : 37 : District wise Total number of handloom / handicraft establishments by sector and Nature of Operation in Tripura
Number of establishments without Hired Workers
Sector
Rural Urban Total
Nature of operation Nature of operation Nature of operation