NATURAL SOLUTIONS TO MAN-MADE PROBLEMS CITADEL ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS Six months treatment cut 95% of priority PAH pollutants from coke oven effluent. Citadel Biocat+TM provided the bioremediation in situ of 150,000 cubic meters of contaminated soil at a decommissioned coke oven effluent lagoon. Several decades of steel production had created a residue of significant amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s), along with soluble components such as cyanide, phenols and ammonia. Cost studies indicated that that bioremediation followed by stabilisation of inorganics and establishment of vegetation was the cheapest option. Citadel Biocat+TM was included in the bioremediation protocol having provided in earlier tests a natural solution to breaking down gelatinous sludge from the bottom of the lagoon. The lagoon was dried out and the tarry sludges and contaminated soils excavated and formed into windrows within the confines of the original lagoon. 20% by volume of hay and organic compost was added to the top of the piles and was mixed together using a self propelled windrow machine. A. BEFORE BIOREMEDIATION B. AFTER BIOREMEDIATION C. MIXING WINDROWS BY MACHINE At the same time 25 litres of Citadel BioCat+TM 8% solution with 0.05% surfactant was sprayed per cubic meter of soil. The windrows were turned periodically (circa four to six weekly) and additional applications of Citadel BioCat+TM 8% solution with 0.05% surfactant were made at 25 litres per cubic meter of soil. After four to six months there was no visible tarry material in the windrows and analysis showed that priority PAH pollutants had been reduced in volume by at least 95%. PAH’s eliminated to less than 0.05% of original volumes were Benzo(a) anthracene, Flouranthene and Phenanthrene, whilst the lowest remaining volume percentage of a PAH was Benzo(pyrene) at 11.3%. RAY LONG, MANAGING DIRECTOR // +41 795 269 460 // [email protected] CONTACT
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Citadel environmental SolutionS
Six months treatment cut 95% of priority PAH pollutants from coke oven effluent.
Citadel Biocat+TM provided the bioremediation in situ of 150,000 cubic meters of contaminated soil at a decommissioned coke oven effluent lagoon.
Several decades of steel production had created a
residue of significant amounts of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAH’s), along with soluble components
such as cyanide, phenols and ammonia.
Cost studies indicated that that bioremediation
followed by stabilisation of inorganics and
establishment of vegetation was the cheapest
option. Citadel Biocat+TM was included in the
bioremediation protocol having provided in earlier
tests a natural solution to breaking down gelatinous
sludge from the bottom of the lagoon.
The lagoon was dried out and the tarry sludges and contaminated soils excavated and formed into windrows within the confines of the original lagoon. 20% by volume of hay and organic compost was added to the top of the piles and was mixed together using a self propelled windrow machine.
A. BEFORE BIOREMEDIATION B. AFTER BIOREMEDIATION
C. MIXING WINDROWS BY MACHINE
At the same time 25 litres of Citadel BioCat+TM
8% solution with 0.05% surfactant was sprayed
per cubic meter of soil. The windrows were turned
periodically (circa four to six weekly) and additional
applications of Citadel BioCat+TM 8% solution with
0.05% surfactant were made at 25 litres per cubic
meter of soil. After four to six months there was no
visible tarry material in the windrows and analysis
showed that priority PAH pollutants had been
reduced in volume by at least 95%. PAH’s eliminated to less than 0.05% of original volumes were Benzo(a)anthracene, Flouranthene and Phenanthrene, whilst the lowest remaining volume percentage of a PAH was Benzo(pyrene) at 11.3%.
RAY LONG, MANAGING DIRECTOR // +41 795 269 460 // [email protected]
CITADEL BIOCAT+
BioremediationCitadel Biocat+ brings simplicity to the bioremediation of complex hydrocarbons.
Whatever the bioremediation challenge, Citadel
BioCat+ has the natural solution for it. To date, in
situ solutions have been achieved for reduction
of PAH’s in coke oven effluent lagoons, and COD
compliance for waste water treatment and food
processing lagoons.
BiogasIncreased biogas production of 20 - 35% has been made in Anaerobic Digestion plants.
Other benefits to biogas generation have been
stability and reduced cycle time. Agricultural
applications also include feed water
augmentation for increased livestock health and
yields. Horticulture and fish farming can achieve
commercial benefits from the role of Citadel
Biocat+ in microbial bionutrition.
Other potential applications+ Mechanical soil washing techniques.
+ Treatment and restoration of lakes and waterways.
+ In situ treatment of ground water pollution.
+ Reduction of organic sludge in waste water treatment to cut operational costs and extend plant capacity.
+ Healthy, cost-effective emergency sanitation.
+ Biological treatment of contaminated lagoon sludge, bitumen, and acid tars.
+ De-contamination of soils and waste water.
NATURESORB
SpillsIdeal for hydrocarbons and chemical spills on land and water, NatureSorb is a 100% natural, heat-activated sphagnum moss harvested in Canada.
+ Absorbs oils, fuels, chemicals and solvents on contact.
+ Field tested and the preferred solution of industry professionals.
+ Absorbs 10 times its own weight.
+ Non-abrasive, non-toxic, non-leaching.
NatureSorb can also be used for soil remediation,
water filtration and ionisation of heavy metals.
CITADELENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS
CES is a company that specialises in bioremediation and bionutrition.
Applying state-of-the-art biotechnology,
we continuously develop new products
and applications to keep pace with the
ever changing environment. CES assembles
a dynamic team of specialists and
environmentally friendly technologies, tailor-
made to the solution required by the customer.
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RAY LONG, MANAGING DIRECTOR // +41 795 269 460 // [email protected]
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Citadel environmental SolutionS
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