Situation Analysis: mangrove communities, markets, stakeholders, institutions and policies in Vietnam Stuart W Bunting 1 1 Centre for Environment and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK Centre for Environment and Society Back to Office Report 2007-SWB2, University of Essex, Colchester UK
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stakeholders, institutions and policies in Vietnam
Stuart W Bunting1
1Centre for Environment and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
Centre for Environment and Society Back to Office Report 2007-SWB2, University of Essex, Colchester UK
Citation: Bunting, S.W., 2007. Situation Analysis: mangrove communities, markets, stakeholders, institutions and policies in Vietnam. Centre for Environment and Society Back to Office Report 2007-SWB2. University of Essex, UK. Author contact details:
Centre for Environment and Society Department of Biological Sciences University of Essex Colchester CO4 3SQ UK Email: [email protected]
ADB Asian Development Bank CBO Community Based Organisation CP Communication Plan DFID Department for International Development (UK Government) DoE Department of Environment DoF Department of Fisheries EC European Commission FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (UN) IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources IWMI International Water Management Institute KAP Knowledge Attitudes and Practices MANGROVE Mangrove ecosystems, communities and conflict: developing knowledge-
based approach to reconcile multiple demands (EC project) MERD Mangrove Ecosystem Research Division NGO Non-Government Organisation NR Natural Resources NRSP Natural Resources Systems Programme PAP Participatory Action Planning PAPD Participatory Action Plan Development PU-PAPi Peri-Urban Participatory Action Planning and Implementation STEPS Social, Technical, Environmental, Political, Sustainability UN United Nations UNCDF United Nations Capital Development Fund UNDP United Nations Development Programme WB World Bank WWF World Wildlife Fund
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Contents
Section Heading Page Glossary iii 1 Introduction 1 2 Progress review - Vietnam National University 1 3 Site selection 1 4 Stakeholders 2 4.1 Stakeholder terminology 3 4.2 Stakeholder analysis 4 5 Institutional Analysis 5 5.1 Agreed Institutional Analysis outline 6 6 Participatory Community Appraisal and Rapid Rural Appraisal 7 7 Markets 7 8 Activities to finalise WP1 commitments 10 8.1 Agreed forward work plan 10 9 Preparation for P2 reporting 15 References 16 Annex 1 Work programme & Workpackage 1 – Situation Analysis outline presentation Annex 2 VNU progress report presentation Annex 3 Situation Analysis, Institutional Analysis and Site selection review Annex 4 Tools and approaches for stakeholder analysis and interaction in mangroves and
adjacent coastal areas
Annex 5 Some experience from education activities on mangrove protection in coastal
areas, Vietnam
Annex 6 Draft news item for MANGROVE website Annex 7 Reporting checklist for MANGROVE partners Annex 8 Schedule of meetings Hanoi 3rd - 10th Feb 2007
Tables and Figures
Object Heading Page Table 1 Selection criteria for the field site in Vietnam 2 Figure 1 Venn diagram showing relationships between stakeholders 4 Table 2 Marketing checklists developed during the INCO-DEV PAPUSSA project 8 Table 3 Agreed timeline for MERC and CERE activities 11
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1
1. Introduction
Situation Analysis (WP1) objectives stated in the project proposal are to: complete a
multidisciplinary situation appraisal of mangrove ecosystems at sites in Indonesia,
Thailand and Vietnam; raise awareness of their role in poor livelihoods; conduct an
institutional analysis. The Situation Analysis commenced at the start of the project in
August 2005 and background information collated and presented at the project inception
meeting in Bangkok, November 2005. However, owing to the delay in fully implementing
the project owing to the withdrawal of one partner the completion of this phase of work,
planned for March 2006, was significantly delayed. Having taken into account the delay in
project implementation and the dispersal of funds it is considered reasonable to expect that
this phase of the project will now be completed in June 2007. An overview presentation
concerning the status of the project, proposed work plan and detailed description of
Workpackage 1 – Situation Analysis was presented to the MERD team at the start of the
visit (Annex 1).
2. Progress review - Vietnam National University
During the inception workshop members of the Vietnam National University team gave
presentations on the current status of mangroves in Vietnam (MANGROVE Project,
2005). Appropriate study sites were proposed based on mutually agreed selection criteria
and stakeholder groups associated with the sites identified and their positions and
relationships explored; institutional, legal and policy frameworks were discussed. During
the PMG and Project Inception meeting 2 members of the VNU team participated in
planning WP1, 2, 3 and 4 activities. As with other partners, VNU faced a significant delay
in implementing fieldwork activities owing to the withdrawal of a partner jeopardising the
project. Despite this it was possible to retain the core of the team and to make further
progress on collating background information and data, as well as developing contacts
with other university faculties and Hanoi University of Education, Hanoi. Following the
decision to disperse the pre-financing payment to the consortium the Coordinator at VNU
undertook to find replacement team members and new appointments have been made. An
overview of progress was presented to the coordinator by the VNU team (Annex 2).
3. Site selection
Cognisant of changing circumstances since the project inception meeting, criteria
developed to assess the suitability of potential study sites (Table 1) were reviewed and the
earlier assessment and site selection reconsidered. Having reviewed the situation again it
was apparent that, based on criteria agreed by the consortium at the Project Inception
Meeting in Bangkok i.e. the significance of the remaining mangrove area, associated
livelihoods, ecosystem services provided, existing knowledge and logistics, Nam Dinh still
represented the most promising study site for the MANGROVE Project. However, owing
to recent development and a significant increase in research activity in the proposed Nam
Dinh National Park and Ramsar site area, it was decided to shift the focus of research in
the MANGROVE Project to the adjacent Tien Hai Nature Reserve.
Table 1. Site selection criteria for the field site in Vietnam
Criteria Quang
Ninh
Hai
Phong
Nam
Dinh
Can Gio Ben Tre Ca Mau
Existing knowledge/data 3 4 5 5 3 3
Significance 3 4 5 5 4 4
Livelihood 5 5 5 3 3 2
Typhoon buffer 4 5 5 2 2 2
Carbon sink /accumulation 3 3 3 5 5 5
Replanting ages 3 3 4 5 4 2
Logistics
Permission 4 4 5 5 4 4
Travel 3 4 4 3 2 2
Communication 3 4 4 4 2 3
Existing projects 2 3 5 4 3 4
Total 12 15 17 16 11 13
Note: preliminary identification: 5, very high; 4, high; 3, average; 2, low; 1, very low.
4. Stakeholders
Several user groups, civil society groups, CBOs, NGOs, local and national government
departments associated with mangroves and adjacent coastal areas were identified during
the project inception meeting (MANGROVE Project, 2005). This section aims to provide
some guidance on how these groups, collectively referred to as stakeholders, can be
further differentiated and their positions and relationships explored, highlighting areas of
conflict and tension that the project team can subsequently work to resolve. Within this
strategy the concept of engagement is central; DFID (2001) described the nature of
engagement as:
2
‘Involving those who stand to win or lose from policy or institutional reform, or
who may influence the reform process, helps to make the interests of key
stakeholders transparent and to build ownership of the reform process.’
4.1. Stakeholder terminology
Basic terminology draws on the DFID Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets (DFID,
2001) where primary stakeholders are the intended beneficiaries of reform and key
stakeholders are those who can influence the outcome of the reform process1. Within the
category of key stakeholders it has sometimes been found useful to differentiate further
between secondary and tertiary stakeholders - based on geographic scale, management
role and interest. Stakeholders have been further categorised by various authors and
authorities, for example, Grimble (1998) described direct stakeholders as being ‘those
involved with the causes or consequences of a problem or issues and affected by actions
taken to alleviate in’ and indirect stakeholders as those ‘who can positively or negatively
influence the process and can play a role in strategies to solve the problems’.
Perhaps practical sometimes to categorise stakeholders in broad, unsophisticated
hierarchies, as in some aspects of the MANGROVE Project proposal, this is a shortcoming
that demands consideration. Such an approach fails to acknowledge the capabilities of
poor and vulnerable people (excluding perhaps poorest of the poor) to influence livelihood
outcomes. As Chambers (2005) says ‘The challenge is how to give voice to those who are
left out and to make their reality count’. Furthermore, although not wishing to perpetuate
divisive patron-client relationships, Chambers (2005) noted that ‘The tendency for local
elites to capture projects and programmes and use them for their own benefit should
indeed by recognized as a fact of life.’ Dealing with such realities and understanding the
roles of leadership, patronage, unions, political parities and frequently coercion and
extortion, may present opportunities to achieve more effective implementation and
sustainable livelihoods enhancements for poor people (Bunting, 2006). Discussing the
probability that local elites will monopolise initiatives, Chambers (2005) comments:
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1 Reference to beneficiaries implies passive receipt of aid or assistance from a benefactor or supporter, this feels at odds with the concept of participatory action and learning. Similarly, reform invokes a sense of fundamental reorganisation, root and branch reform, whereas the actual outcomes might be more subtle.
‘there are benefits as well as costs in this. Leaders are often leaders because they
have ability, and projects may be better managed through their participation.
Leaders, especially where there is an active political party, may seek support and
legitimacy and so have an incentive to spread the benefits of projects to more
rather than fewer people.’
4.2. Stakeholder Analysis
Five elements constituting a situation analysis were outlined in the DFID Sustainable
Livelihoods Guidance Sheets (DFID, 2001) thus:
- identify and define level of influence of primary stakeholders,
- identify and define characteristics of key stakeholders,
- assess manner in which they might affect or be affected by reform,
- understand relations between stakeholders, including real or potential conflicts and
expectations between stakeholders,
- assess capacity of different stakeholders to influence reform process.
Considering urban governance, Rakodi and Lloyd-Jones (2002) proposed that the
relationship between stakeholders could be represented using a Venn diagram (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Venn diagram showing relationships between stakeholders (source Rakodi and Lloyd-Jones, 2002)
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Martin et al. (2001) proposed a series of approaches to identify and explore stakeholder
interests:
- small meetings with a few key stakeholders where other stakeholder groups are
identified,
- stakeholder workshops to facilitate detailed exploration of activities, interests,
contributions and opportunities for new networks, with information tabulated or
represented using Venn diagrams (Figure 1)
- individual interviews with representatives of the main stakeholder groups, to discuss
issues, perceptions, constraints and significant in relation to the MANGROVE Project
objectives, potential areas of conflicts
- in-depth discussions with separate stakeholder groups
- joint focus groups with representatives of each stakeholder groups, to discuss issues
arising from earlier meetings and develop a strategic vision for uptake promotion with
policy makers.
Within the various framework proposed above it is important to remember that policy
makers are stakeholders too, and that their involvement is critical in developing a strategic
vision. It is important to engender ownership of the process as policy-makers are unlikely
to adopt an innovative strategy developed by other stakeholders in isolation. However,
where it is difficult to involve policy-makers, an autonomous initiative to plan and resolve
tensions would probably gain recognition, and if it were sufficiently representative and
authoritative would be difficult to ignore. The outline of the Stakeholder Analysis was
presented to the VNU team and discussed at length (Annex 3) as were participatory
research tools that might prove useful when working in physically, socially and
STREAM, 2006. Workshop on capacity building for situation analysis of mangroves ecosystem and
communities. Hanoi and Nam Dinh, Vietnam, 4-8 December 2006. (online at:
www.streaminitiative.org/Mangrove)
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Annex 1
Dr Stuart BuntingCentre for Environment and Society, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UKTel: +44 (0)1206 872219; Email: [email protected]
Annex 1
1. Centre for Environment and Society, University of Essex (UOE), England
2. Fisheries and Fish Culture Group, Wageningen University (WUR), The Netherlands
3. Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Sweden4. Mulawarman University (MU), Indonesia5. Kasetsart University (KU), Thailand6. Vietnam National University (VNU), Hanoi, Vietnam7. Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA), Thailand
8. Sub-contractors
- support the evaluation of mangrove derived goods and services with stakeholders
(e.g. application of the damage schedule approach outlined by Chuenpagdee and Vasconcellos (2000))
- support for ecological survey and data analysis- *gender expert to support the design, implementation and
evaluation of project activities (Gender Framework Analysis)
- audit (under management budget)
*a commitment was made that each Asian partner would employ at least one researcher with a background in social sciences
12 Present outcomes– Local and national stakeholders in workshops at each site (check and verify
findings)
Annex 2
Organizing a group’ meeting:- To assign on detailed tasks of each
team;- To discuss the methods to implement
the tasks.
Rational for site selection• Important for the country• Example for the world• Representativeness for the
wetland/mangrove
Location Mangrove Ecosystem Research Station(MERS) belonging to MERDat Giao Thuy District, Nam Dinh Province
Methodology
� Collect existing information, documents, reports and all relevant data and literature at the national, provincial, district and community levels;
� Identify and fill gaps (of data and information); � Analyze collected data and information to clearly
define any outstanding problems for the Vietnamese policy contexts;
� Carry out additional surveys and interviews if needed;
� Propose scenario(s) and estimate impacts;� Evaluate analysed methodology and application.
A. Surveys of existing conditions/ Status
1. Natural conditions- Land use / Land cover- Plant species composition and trends- Animal species composition and trends- Ecosystems and their functions- Water resources
Annex 2
A. Surveys of existing conditions/ Status
2. Socio-economic conditionsSocial
� Income� Income redistribution system/ Equity of income� Education level� Poverty (National standard)� Land tenure� Access to resources� Population (including fertility rate) density and growth� Pollution and diseases� Infant mortality� Access to food and other basic needs
A. Surveys of existing conditions/ Status
Economic/ Production� Identify economic sectors;� Category of economic structure;� Investment capital for exploitation� Potential markets (export)� Market failures
A. Surveys of existing conditions/ Status
Policies� Mechanism of unsustainable changes� Socio-economic development programmes
(National and provincial levels)� Poverty reduction (CPRGS)� Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP)� Subsidies (minor)� Five million hectare program (reforestation)� Land titling or exclusion� Decree 109/2003
B. Linkage
1. Biodiversity� Ecosystem types� Ecosystem area change� Ecosystem quality (Quality of forest – 3
categories: rich, medium, poor; Reflection of species diversity);
� Species trend indices (all species)� Natural stocks of economic value (economic
value species: animal, NTFP)
B. Linkage
2. Human wellbeing (Goods and services of ecosystems)Supporting services
� Habitat� Fishery production (aquaculture/catching)� Agricultural production� Fish, craps, etc. � Waterbirds� Non-timber forest products� Water quality� Flood/ storm, mitigation;� Soil erosion control� Coastal and dyke protection� Soil stabilization
management and policy- Statistical data and reports of local
authorities 2. Reports of local authorities3. Statistical data 4. Maps
Scientific papers: Biodiversity, natural systems/ecosystems1. Ministry of Fisheries, 2003. Scientific research works of the fishery sector for the phase of 1996 - 2000. Hanoi
Agricultural Publishing House: 472pp. (in Vietnamese)2. Phan Nguyen Hong, Tran Van Thuy (project leader), 2004. Project: Assessing diversity of plant vegetation
and flora in Giao Thuy District, Nam Dinh Province – a scientific basis for planning sustainable development of wetland ecosystems in coastal zones of Northern Vietnam. Programme of the oriented planning for some wetland ecosystems in the coastal zones of Northern Vietnam for sustainable development: 102pp. (in Vietnamese).
3. Phan Nguyen Hong, Tran Van Thuy (project leader), 2004. Project: Assessing diversity of plant vegetation and flora in Thai Thuy District, Thai Binh Province – a scientific basis for planning sustainable development of wetland ecosystems in the coastal zone of Northern Vietnam. Programme of the oriented planning for some wetland ecosystems in the coastal zones of Northern Vietnam for sustainable development: 103pp. (in Vietnamese).
4. List of phytoplankton species in the Red River mouth area (in Vietnamese)5. Le Xuan Hue, Nguyen Thi Thu Ha, 2002. Insects in the mangrove area of Giao Thuy District (Nam Dinh) and
Tien Hai District (Thai Binh) (in Vietnamese).6. Duong Van Coi (Program leader), 1998. Investment project of establishment of protective mangrove forests
in Nam Dinh Province for the phase 1999-2010 (in Vietnamese).7. Forest Inventory and Planning Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, 2003. Investment
project of Xuan Thuy National Park of Nam Dinh Province (in Vietnamese).8. Mangrove Ecosystem Research Division, 2002. Report on Can Gio Mangroves – Ho Chi Minh City and Xuan
Thuy Ramsar site in the Red River Delta. UNEP project (in Vietnamese).9. List of lower plant species in the coastal and estuarine areas of Thai Binh (in Vietnamese).10. Vu Trung Tang, Tran Thanh Than, 2001. Fish species composition in Tien Hai Nature Reserve, Thai Binh
Province (in Vietnamese).11. Mai Trong Nhuan. Brief summary for Ba lat estuary demonstration site
Annex 2
Scientific papers: Biodiversity, natural systems/ecosystemsIn: Mangrove Ecosystem Research Division, 2004. Mangrove Ecosystem in the Red River
coastal zone: Biodiversity, Ecology, Socio-economics, Management and Educaion. Phan Nguyen Hong (ed.): 509pp:
1. Studying and preserving strong cellulase genetic sources of some Streptomyces isolated from the mangrove soil in Giao ThuyDistrict (Nam Dinh Province) and Tien Hai District (Thai Binh Province). Mai Thi Hang, Doan Van Thuoc
2. Study on diversity of the Aspergillus strains isolated from the mangrove forests in Nam Dinh and Thai Binh provinces. Mai ThiHang, Phan Thi Phuong Hoa
3. Study on phytosociology in the mangrove area of Thuy Truong Commune, Thai Thuy District, Thai Binh Province. Nguyen Thi Kim Cuc, Dao Van Tan, Phan Nguyen Hong
4. Characteristics of mangroves vegetation in Giao Thuy District. Phan Nguyen Hong, Dao Van Tan, Vu Thuc Hien, Tran Van Thuy5. Data on benthos in the mangrove areas of the Red River mouth. Do Van Nhuong, Hoang Ngoc Khac6. Some characteristics of Ocypodidae - Brachyura in the mangrove ecosystem of Giao Thuy District, Nam Dinh Province. Do Van
Nhuong, Keiji Wada7. Insect diversity in some mangrove forests of Nam Dinh and Thai Binh provinces. Le Xuan Hue, Nguyen Thi Thu Ha8. Fish composition in the mangrove of northern communes of Giao Thuy District, Nam Dinh Province. Duong Ngoc Cuong, Tran Minh
Khoa9. Composition of fish species at Tien Hai Wetland Nature Reserve, Thai Binh Province. Tran Thanh Than10. Characteristics of fish composition and fisheries in the coastal area of Nam Dinh Province. Vu Trung Tang11. Amphibians and reptiles in the coastal areas of Nam Dinh and Thai Binh provinces. Le Nguyen Ngat, Tran Giang Hoan12. The bird resource of Xuan Thuy National Park. Le Dinh Thuy13. Study of the anatomical structure and development of the reproductive organs of Kandelia obovata Sheue, Liu & Yong. Nguyen Thi
Hong Lien14. Some development stages of reproductive organs of Aegiceras corniculatum (L.)15. Blanco naturally growing in the coastal area of Northern Vietnam Nguyen Thi Hong Lien, Phan Nguyen Hong16. Research on bacteria in the mangrove ecosystem of some areas in Giao Thuy District, Nam Dinh Province and insecticidal effect of
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Nguyen Thi Thu Ha, Le Xuan Hue17. Some biological characteristics of yeasts and their role in the mangrove ecosystems in Nam Dinh Province. Vuong Trong Hao,
Nguyen Thi Hai Yen, Tong Thi Mo
Scientific papers: Biodiversity, natural systems/ecosystemsIn: Mangrove Ecosystem Research Division, 2004. Mangrove Ecosystem in the Red River coastal
zone: Biodiversity, Ecology, Socio-economics, Management and Educaion. Phan Nguyen Hong (ed.): 509pp:
18. Study of Streptomyces in soil samples from the mangroves of Nam Dinh and Thai Binh provinces. Nguyen Thanh Dat, Duong Minh Lam, Doan Van Thuoc
19. Micro - organisms in decomposing fallen leaves in the Kandelia obovata forest planted in Giao Lac Commune, Giao Thuy District, Nam Dinh Province. Mai Sy Tuan, Nguyen Thi Hong Hanh, Doan Van Thuoc
20. Effects of some ecological factors and planting techniques on the survival rate and growth performance of Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engler in Thai Binh and Nam Dinh provinces. Tran Mai Sen, Dao Van Tan, Phan Hong Anh, Chiharu Miyamoto, Seiji Suda and Tetsumi Asano
21. The effects of stand-age and inundation on the carbon accumulation in soil of mangrove plantation in Nam Dinh, Northern Vietnam. Nguyen Thanh Ha, Reiji Yoneda, Ikuo Ninomiya, Ko Harada, Dao Van Tan, Mai Sy Tuan and Phan Nguyen Hong
22. Effects of low temperature on the growth and survival rate of Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engler planted in GiaoLac Commune, Giao Thuy District, Nam Dinh Province. Dao Van Tan, Tran Van Ba
23. Assessing the quality of the planted mangrove forest through forest structure and coverage in Giao Lac Commune, Giao Thuy District, Nam Dinh Province. Vu Doan Thai, Mai Sy Tuan
24. Mangroves as a coastal protection from waves in the Tonkin delta, Vietnam. Yoshihiro Mazda, Michimasa Magi, Motohiko Kogo and Phan Nguyen Hong
25. The relationship between benthos and mangrove forests in the coastal provinces of Northern Vietnam. PhamDinh Trong, Phan Nguyen Hong
26. Some results of research on benthos attached to mangroves and their adverse impacts. Hoang Ngoc Khac, Do Van Nhuong
27. The application of GIS to the management of mangrove plantations at Giao Thuy District . Nguyen Thi Kim Cuc28. Distribution of mangrove species during the Holocene period in the Red River delta, Vietnam. Nguyen Hoang Tri,
P.G.E.F. Augustinus, Dinh Van Thuan, Nguyen Dich Dy, Mai Duc Tan and Do Van Tu
Scientific papers: Socio-economic, natural resource management and policy
1. Le Van Hien, Mai Sy Tuan, 2003. Initial study on litterfall production and natural forest structure in Xuan Thuy National Park, Giao Thuy District, Nam Dinh Province. In: the proceedings of the scientific workshop “Results of scientific research and awareness raising for local communities in the mangrove areas of Nam Dinh and Thai Binh Provinces” 23-24 Dec. 2002, Hanoi, Agricultural Publishing House.
2. Hoang Van Thang (project leader), 2001. Proposal of the science and technology research task of environment: surveying, evaluating and recommending plans for management and sustainable use of coastal and estuarine wetlands in Nghia Hung District, Nam Dinh Province (in Vietnamese).
3. Questionnaire information on seed crabs in Nam Dinh (in Vietnamese)4. Questionnaire information on exploitation of natural resources and relevant issues in Nam Dinh (in
Vietnamese)5. Vu Trung Tang (program leader), 2005. Final report of the Environmental Preservation “Oriented
planning for some wetland ecosystems in the coastal zones of Northern Vietnam for sustainable development” Vietnam National University, Hanoi and Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment: 230pp. (in Vietnamese).
6. HuÖ, 2004. Coastal Resource use and management in a village of northern Vietnam. Doctoral theisis. Institute of social studies, the Hague. TheNetherlands.
7. Le Xuan Tuan and Phan Thi Thuy, 1998. The role of magrove restoration in fishery resource in coastal communes of Thai Binh and Nam Dinh Province. In: P. N. Hong et all (Eds.). Proceedings of the national workshop on "Sustainable and economically efficient utilization of natural resources in mangrove ecosystem". Nha Trang, 1-3 November 1998. Agricultural Publishing House, Hanoi 1999:187-189.
8. Pedersen et al.,1996). Pedersen. A, Nguyen Huy Thang, Vu Van Dung, Hoang Trong Tri, 1996. The Conservation of Key Coastal Wetland Sites in the Red River Delta. Birdlife International Conservation Report Number 8.
Scientific papers: Socio-economic, natural resource management and policy
9. Adger (1997) Adger, W.N., 1997. Income inequality in former centrally planned economies: results from the agricultural sector in Vietnam. Global environmental change working paper 97-06, Central for social and economic research on the global environmental, University of east aglia and university college London.
10. UNDP-GEF Medium-sized Project Brief, 2000. Conservation of Coastal Wetland in the Red River Delta: 19p.
11. Kevin Watkins, 1997. Reports of OXFAM on poverty in the (reference). Political Publisher (in Vietnamese).
12. Biodiversity action plan for Vietnam. Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the Global Environment Facility Project VIE/91/G31
13. People’s Committee of Giao Thuy District, 1998. Programme of implementation of the Central Resolution 4 (VIII session) (in Vietnamese)
14. The five million hectare afforestation programme15. 5 MHR Partnership Secretariat, International Cooperation Department, Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Development, 2001. Five Million Hectare Reforestation, Program Partnership, Synthesis Report16. Secretariat of the 5 MHRP Partnership, MARD, 2000. Proceedings of the national workshop on
Challenges and vision for the 5 million ha reforestation program organized by partnership support program for the 5 million hectare reforestation program.
17. Announcement of biodiversity report in Vietnam18. Decree 109/2003/ND-CP of the Government on conservation and sustainable exploitation of wetland
areas
Scientific papers: Socio-economic, natural resource management and policyIn: Mangrove Ecosystem Research Division, 2004. Mangrove Ecosystem in the Red River coastal
zone: Biodiversity, Ecology, Socio-economics, Management and Educaion. Phan Nguyen Hong (ed.): 509pp:
1. Local awareness about mangroves and institutions surrounding coastal resource use in Thai Binh and Nam Dinh coastal areas. Le Kim Thoa, Nguyen Hoang Tri, Phan Hong Anh
2. Assessment of socio-economic situation in coastal rehabilitated mangrove areas in four districts of Nam Dinh and Thai Binh provinces. Nguyen Huu Tho, Nguyen Hoang Tri, Le Kim Thoa
3. Socio - economic study of the protection and management of rehabilitated mangroves in Thai Binh and Nam Dinh provinces. Nguyen Hoang Tri, Nguyen Huu Tho, Le Kim Thoa, Nguyen Thi Kim Cuc
4. Community - based mangrove forest management in Giao Lac Commune, Giao Thuy District, Nam DinhProvince. Le Thi Van Hue
5. Management and sustainable use of estuarine wetlands of Nghia Hung District, Nam Dinh Province. Hoang Van Thang, Dang Anh Tuan
6. Planning the management of vegetation in the mangrove areas of Giao Thuy District for sustainable development. Phan Nguyen Hong, Nguyen Duy Minh, Quan Thi Quynh Dao, Tran Van Thuy
7. Some propagation and education activities of the exhibition programme "For the green of mangroves". Phan Nguyen Hong, Le Xuan Tuan, Le Kim Thoa, Phan Thi Minh Nguyet, Tran Minh Phuong, Nguyen ThiKim Cuc,Quan Thi Quynh Dao, Nguyen Thi Kieu Oanh, Phan Hong Anh
8. The effectiveness of organizing a visit for secondary students of outstanding academic performance and disadvantaged students to Mangrove Ecosystem Research Station. Nguyen Thi Kieu Oanh, PhanNguyen Hong
9. Study on some propaganda models to raise awareness about mangrove forest protection of coastal local communities. Nguyen Huu Tho, Phan Nguyen Hong, Tran Minh Phuong
10. Evaluating the propaganda and education effectiveness of "Mangrove forest clubs" in secondary schools in coastal areas. Tran Minh Phuong, Phan Thi Minh Nguyet
Reports of local authorities1. Nguyen Van Phan, 2003. Thematic report on socio-economic status of coastal
estuarine zones of Nam Dinh and orientations for development. The project: “Building up the community based model of conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and management of sensitive ecosystems in the coastal estuarine areas of Nghia Hung, Nam Dinh” (in Vietnamese).
2. Nguyen Viet Cach, 2002. Xuan Thuy wetland protected area constraints, solutions and recommendations. In: Proceedings of UNESCO-MAB regional seminar ecotone X: Ecosystem valuation - for assessing functions, goods and services of coastal ecosystems in Southeast Asia and SeaBRnet meeting for coastal biosphere reserves. With Fund-in-trust support from the government of Japan. Hanoi, 19 - 23 Nov 2001, CRES/MAB Vietnam.
3. People’s Committee of Giao Thuy District, 2003. Report on results of the implementation of political tasks in 2003, orientations, objectives, and tasks in 2004. (in Vietnamese)
4. People’s Committee of Giao Thien Commune, 2003. Report on the results of the implementation of the socio-economic and national defense tasks of 2002 and orientations for the year 2003 (in Vietnamese).
5. People’s Committee of Giao Xuan Commune, 2004. Report on the results of the task implementation of the year 2003, orientations for socio-economic development in 2004 (in Vietnamese).
Annex 2
Reports of local authorities
6. People’s Committee of Giao Thuy District, 2004. Report on fishery development directions of Giao Thuy District in 2004 and solutions (in Vietnamese).
7. People’s Committee of Nam Dinh Province, 2003. Planning management, protection and development of Xuan Thuy National Park for the phase of 2004-2020 (in Vietnamese).
8. People’s Committee of Giao Thuy District, 2002. Report on implementation of socio-economic tasks of the year 2001, orientations and socio-economic development tasks for the year 2002 (in Vietnamese).
9. People’s Committee of Giao Thuy District, 2001. Report on implementation of socio-economic tasks of the year 2000, orientations and socio-economic development tasks for the year 2001 (in Vietnamese).
10. People’s Committee of Giao Thuy District, 1999. Report on implementation of socio-economic tasks of the year 1998, orientations and socio-economic development tasks for the year 1999 (in Vietnamese).
11. People’s Committee of Giao Thuy District, 2002. Master plan for socio-economic development of Giao Thuy District to the year 2010 (in Vietnamese).
12. People’s Committee of Giao Thuy District. Brief report on planning land use to the year 2010 in Giao Thuy District (in Vietnamese). .
Statistical data and Maps
� Statistical Bureau of Nam Dinh Province, 2004. Report on socio-economic status for the six months of 2004 (in Vietnamese).
� Statistical data of Giao Thuy District (1995-2004)� Statistical data of Nam Dinh Province (1995-2004)� Map of Giao Thuy District (administration and land use) � Map of land use of Giao Thuy District 1998, 2000, and 2004.� Maps of the coastal districts of Thai Binh and Nam Dinh Provinces� Map of mangrove vegetation in the coastal area of Giao Thuy
District, Nam Dinh Province
Time tableStep 1: Collecting data and information: consultant/ ask policy makers)
Step 2: - Find gaps - Interim workshop- Fill the gaps:
Step 3: - Analysis of relationships/ linkages- Build model- Develop scenario(s) and estimate the impacts
Step 4: Finalising- Final paper - National Workshop- International workshop (Participations)
Thank you!
Annex 3
Dr Stuart BuntingCentre for Environment and Society, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UKTel: +44 (0)1206 872219; Email: [email protected]
- Basic terminology draws on the DFID Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets (DFID, 2001) where:- primary stakeholders are the intended beneficiaries of reform and- key stakeholders are those who can influence the outcome of the reform process[1].
- Within the category of key stakeholders it has sometimes been found useful to differentiate further between secondary and tertiary stakeholders - based on geographic scale, management role and interest.
[1] Reference to beneficiaries implies passive receipt of aid or assistance from a benefactor or supporter, this feels at odds with the concept of participatory action and learning. Similarly, reform invokes a sense of fundamental reorganisation, root and branch reform, whereas the actual outcomes might be more subtle.
When considering stakeholders the concept of engagement is central; DFID (2001) described the nature of engagement as:
‘Involving those who stand to win or lose from policy or institutional reform, or who may influence the reform process, helps to make the interests of key stakeholders transparent and to build ownership of the reform process.’
Martin et al. (****) proposed a series of approaches to identify and explore stakeholder interests:
• small meetings with a few key stakeholders where other stakeholder groups are identified,
• stakeholder workshops to facilitate detailed exploration of activities, interests, contributions and opportunities for new networks, with information tabulated or represented using Venn diagrams (Figure 1)
• individual interviews with representatives of the main stakeholder groups, to discuss issues, perceptions, constraints and significant in relation to the MANGROVE Project objectives, potential areas of conflicts
• in-depth discussions with separate stakeholder groups• joint focus groups with representatives of each stakeholder groups, to
discuss issues arising from earlier meetings and develop a strategic vision for uptake promotion with policy makers.
Five elements constituting a stakeholder analysis were outlined in the DFID Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets (DFID, 2001) thus:
• identify and define level of influence of primary stakeholders,• identify and define characteristics of key stakeholders,• assess manner in which they might affect or be affected by reform,• understand relations between stakeholders, including real or potential
conflicts and expectations between stakeholders,• assess capacity of different stakeholders to influence reform process.
Considering urban governance, Rakodi and Lloyd-Jones (2002)proposed that the relationship between stakeholders could be
represented using a Venn diagram.
Annex 3
Biosphere Reser e MB
- Forestry rangers
- Coat Guard/Frontier Army
- DONRE
- DARD
- Department of Fishery (DOF)
- Nature Reserve MB
- National Park MB
- Ramsar MB
- Provincial PC
- Distict PC
- Commune PC
- Farmer association
- Veterant Association
- Youth Association
- Women association
- Seadike maintenance
- Red-cross members
Key stakeholders
- Marine product traders
- School students
- Teachers
- Researchers
- Forestry guards
- Sedge culture
- Salt pan
- Crab seed collecting
- Bee-keeping
- Fish, crab, seaweet culture
- Shrimp culture
xxxxxx- Clam culture
xxxxxxxx- Trapping
xxxxxxxx- Collecting
xxxxx- FM-small
xxx- FM-Trawlers
- Fishmen
x- Farmer
Marine product traders
School students
Teachers
Researchers
Forestry guards
Sedge culture
Salt
pan
Crab seed collecting
Beekeeping
Fish, crab, seaweetculture
Shrimp culture
Clam culture
Trapping
Collecting
FMsmall
FMTrawlers
Fishmen
FarmerPrimary stakeholders
Potential Conflicts
Meet key stakeholder representatives to discuss mangrove management and planning:
• define their role/responsibilities/influence• identify principles/planning framework/legislation/etc…that guides
decision-making• give emphasis to issues relevant to coastal livelihoods: classification
of activity, zoning, relevant legislation, references to livelihoods in official documentation,
• define the priority of mangrove conservation with respect to other activities
Meet key stakeholder representatives to discuss mangrove management and planning:
• elicit perceived constraints to mangrove conservation and wise use• investigate initiatives to address these problems• discuss the perceived benefits of mangrove conservation and wise
use• discuss historical land-use change that has impacted on mangrove
area and discuss future prospects in light of planning initiatives, state level development objectives, globalization, international agreements, climate change
Describe actor/stakeholder roles in managing coastal natural resources and in guiding the formal land-use planning process, including their jurisdiction, sphere of influence and their position within the overall hierarchy. Furthermore, identify strategically significant user groups, institutions or committees, and individuals therein, that guide and influence policy formulation.
Develop the management/planning hierarchy to include landowners,leaseholders, community management bodies and employees and their power, influence and roles
Assess the knowledge needs of key actors/stakeholders interviewed and the most appropriate pathways for disseminating project outputs i.e. workshop participation, technical reports, media communications
Assess the potential role of strengthened civil society groups, producer associations and more informed advocates for the poor and local planners in developing appropriate management/development strategies for mangroves and adjacent coastal areas.
Develop a work programme to assess systematically the priority assigned by different institutions to mangrove conservation and wise use,constraints and opportunities associated with these practice andstrategies to manage these systems equitably
Report back on findings at stakeholder forum for verification and triangulation
Vietnam’s Project sitePreliminary identification (5: very high, 4: high, 3: average, 2: low, 1: very
Following capacity-building support provided by NACA to the Vietnam National
University (VNU) and anticipating the start of fieldwork in Vietnam, Dr Stuart
Bunting, University of Essex, travelled to Bangkok from the 3rd to 10th February 2007
to meet with colleagues form the Mangrove Research Ecosystem Division, VNU,
discuss progress and plan activities required to complete the objectives for the first
phase of the MANGROVE Project. Activities in this phase include: multidisciplinary
situation analyses of mangrove ecosystems at selected sites in Indonesia, Thailand and
Vietnam; stakeholder, market and institutional analysis; development of
communication plans for each project site; increasing awareness amongst
stakeholders concerning the role of mangroves in poor livelihoods. Furthermore, joint
meetings between Dr Bunting, Prof Hong, Prof Tri and Song Ha Nguyen and
Edwards Smith, STREAM, NACA were held to plan the implementation of
Sustainable Livelihoods Analysis and Participatory Rural Appraisal work in the field
... more on this here soon.
Ann
ex 7
Rep
ortin
g ch
eck
list
As
per c
ontra
ctor
al a
gree
men
t
a)A
ctiv
ity re
port
(per
iodi
c) (t
o be
pro
vide
d by
the
PI)
b)M
anag
emen
t rep
ort:
1)a
just
ifica
tion
of th
e re
sour
ces
depl
oyed
by
each
con
tract
or2)
Form
C (p
lus
send
ing
exce
l ver
sion
s to
EC
)3)
Sum
mar
y fin
anci
al re
port
cons
olid
atin
g th
e cl
aim
ed c
osts
4)E
xpla
natio
n of
Maj
or c
osts
item
s (S
ectio
n 1)
5)C
ost B
udge
t Fol
low
-up
Tabl
e6)
Est
imat
e of
ow
n st
aff c
ontri
butio
n w
ith c
osts
not
cov
ered
by
the
proj
ect
Per
son
Mon
th S
tatu
s Ta
ble
Exp
lana
tion
of th
e im
pact
of a
ny m
ajor
dev
iatio
ns fr
om c
ost b
udge
t and
from
pe
rson
-mon
ths
by e
ach
cont
ract
or d
urin
g th
e re
porti
ng p
erio
d
c)S
uppl
emen
tary
repo
rts re
quire
d by
any
Ann
ex to
the
cont
ract
d)A
udit
Cer
tific
ates
atta
ched
to F
orm
C(in
Per
iod
4 on
ly)
e)C
o-or
dina
tor s
hall
info
rm th
e C
omm
issi
on o
f the
am
ount
of i
nter
est o
req
uiva
lent
ben
efits
yie
lded
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pre-
finan
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as re
ceiv
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om th
eC
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Dis
tribu
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of th
e C
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ncia
l con
tribu
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Tabl
e: fo
rm
Part
ners
a)b)
b)1
b)2b
)3b)
4b)
5b)
6d)
e)f)
a)b)
b)1b
)2b)
3b)
4b)
5b)
6d)
e)f)
a)b)
b)1b
)2b)
3b)
4b)
5b)
6d)
e)f)
Uni
vers
ity o
f Ess
exO
rigin
als
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
inc
n/a
Ele
ctro
nic
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
inc
n/a
Wag
enin
gen
Uni
vers
ityO
rigin
als
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
inc
n/a
Ele
ctro
nic
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
inc
n/a
Sw
edis
h E
nviro
nmen
t Ins
titut
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rigin
als
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
inc
n/a
Ele
ctro
nic
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
inc
n/a
Mul
awar
man
Uni
vers
ityO
rigin
als
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
inc
n/a
Ele
ctro
nic
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
inc
n/a
Kas
etsa
rt U
nive
rsity
Orig
inal
sn/
an/
an/
an/
ain
cn/
aE
lect
roni
cn/
an/
an/
an/
ain
cn/
aC
entre
for N
atur
al R
es &
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iro S
tudi
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atio
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niO
rigin
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n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
inc
n/a
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ctro
nic
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
inc
n/a
Net
wor
k of
Aqu
acul
ture
Cen
tres
in A
sia-
Pac
ific
Orig
inal
sn/
an/
an/
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cn/
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ain
cn/
a
Dea
dlin
es fo
r Par
tner
sEn
d of
D
ays
Dea
dlin
e fo
r sub
mis
sion
to th
e EC
Perio
dD
raft
Elec
tron
ic fo
rms
Orig
inal
sA
udit
Cer
tific
ates
Jul-0
6+
4515
/09/
2006
Jul-0
7+
4515
/09/
2007
Jul-0
8+
4515
/09/
2008
Jul-0
9+
4515
/03/
2009
P2 (1
3-24
)P3
(25-
36)
P4 (3
7-48
)A
ug 0
6 - J
ul 0
7A
ug 0
7 - J
ul 0
8A
ug 0
8 - J
an 0
9
Part
ners
Dea
dlin
e
15/0
8/20
0601
/09/
2006
07/0
9/20
0615
/08/
2007
01/0
9/20
0707
/09/
2007
15/0
8/20
0801
/09/
2008
07/0
9/20
0815
/02/
2009
01/0
3/20
0907
/03/
2009
07/0
3/20
09
Annex 8. Schedule of meetings Hanoi 3rd Feb to 10th Feb 2007
Saturday 3rd Feb
09:35 Arrive Hanoi, Vietnam Car to Hotel, Hanoi
Sunday 4th Feb
09:00-10:30 Meeting with Prof Hong and MERD team members, MERD Office, Hanoi
Monday 5th
09:00-12:15 Meeting with VNU team, MERD Office, Hanoi 14:00-16:00 Discussion with VNU tam 16:00-17:30 Preparation presentation
Tuesday 6th
09:00-12:00 Meeting with VNU team and STREAM/NACA representatives 13:00-17:30 Preparing report and presentation on WP 1 methodology and guidelines
Wednesday 7th
09:00-13:30 Meeting with VNU team, VNU presentations and report writing 13:30-17:30 Fieldtrip to handicrafts village
Thursday 8th
09:00-11:30 Discussion and work plan preparation with VNU team 12:30-14:00 Report writing 14:00-18:00 Report writing - Situation Analysis, Market Analysis, Institutional Analysis
Friday 9th
09:00-13:00 Forward planning presentation from VNU, discussion, report writing 14:00-16:00 Joint meeting with VNU, STREAM/NACA, UOE to discuss implementation 16:00-17:30 Report writing