SITI-ALIAH-BT.-JAAFAR-51116212226.pdf

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SMART LOCK FOR CONTROLLED MEDICINE

SITI ALIAH BINTI JAAFAR

(51116212226)

NORAIN BINTI OMAR

(51116212123)

Report Submitted to fulfils the Partial Requirements for

Diploma of Engineering Technology in Medical Electronics

Universiti Kuala Lumpur

SEPT 2014

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I declare that this report entitle "Smart Lock for Controlled Medicine" is the results

of my own research excepts as citied n the references. The report has not been

accepted for any diploma and is not concurrently submitted in candidate of any

other diploma.

Signature : ..............................................................

Name : ....................................................................

Date : ......................................................................

Signature : ..............................................................

Name : ....................................................................

Date : ......................................................................

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We have examined this report and verify that it meets the program and University

requirements for the Diploma of Engineering Technology in Medical Electronics.

Date: Day/Month/Year Signature : ..................................................

Supervisor's Name : ..........................................................................

Official Stamp

Date: Day/Month/Year Signature : ..................................................

Co-Supervisor's Name : ....................................................................

Official Stamp

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All the praise is to Allah SWT because for blessing us in this project

period, we finally finished this project for the subject that is Final Year

Project. And also all respect to our Prophet Muhammad S.A.W, his royal

family and his dear friends.

We also want to give thanks to our Supervisor, Mr. Mohammed Razif

bin Mohammed Noordin, for his guidance and help in solving the projects

dysfunction that we have made during project completion week by week.

Without his helps, it is impossible for us to complete this project.

We also want to give thanks to our family that have been very

supportive to us, give us advices and financial help for completing our

project. Last but not least, we want to thank our friends for helping us by

sharing their brilliant ideas for this project.

We hope that our effort plus sacrifices by all of involved individual

that helps us with itching process will get blessing from Allah SWT. We

hope that this assignment can be benefited for all, so that our effort is not

wasted. Finally we want to say that, all of the good things is comes from

Allah and all bad things come from ourselves.

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CONTENT

TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………….…………….….i

DECLARATION…………………………………………………….…….……...…ii

APPROVAL PAGE………………………………………………………….……..ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………..….iv

LIST OF CONTENT……………………………………………………………..v-vii

LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………..viii

ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………..……..….…ix

CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction of chapter…………………………………………....…1

1.2 Project Background…………………………………………………..2

1.3 Objectives………………………………………………………………2

1.4 Scope of Project/Limitation………………………………………...3

1.5 Problem Statement…………………………………………………..3

1.6 Summary of Chapter………………………………………………..4

CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………5

2.2 History of password access lock………………………………….5

2.3 Types of Smart Lock for Controlled Medicine…………………..6

2.3.1 Keypads……………………………………………………….6

2.3.2 Access Control……………………………………………….7

2.3.3 Biometrics…………………………………………………….7

2.3.4 RFID…………………………………………………………....7

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2.4 Component Detail……………………………………………….…......8

2.4.1 Arduino Nano……………………………………………….....8-9

2.4.2 TIP 122 Transistor………………………………………....…..10

2.4.3 1KΩ Resistor…………………………………………..…...11-12

2.4.4 220 Ω Resistor……………………………………………..13-16

2.4.5 12V Relay……………………………………………….……17-19

2.4.6 12V Magnetic Lock………………………………………...20-21

2.4.7 Bi Colour LED……………………………………………...22-23

CHAPTER 3- METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………....24

3.2 Block Diagram………………………………………………………...24

3.2.1 Block Diagram Explanation………………………….…..…25

3.3 Methodology Flow Chart…………………………………….……...26

3.3.1 Flow Chart Explanation………………………………….…..27

3.4 Flow Chart Operation…………………………………………….….28

3.4.1 Flow Chart Explanation…………………………………..….29

3.5 Budgeting…………………………………………………………..….29

3.6 Time Planning……………………………………………………...…30

3.7 Step To Do PCB Design and Fabrication………………..…..31-32

3.8 Arduino Program using Arduino Software………………..……..33

3.9.1 Software……………………………………………...….….…33

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3.9.2 Arduino Software…………………………………………33-34

3.9.3 Program that are used…………………………………………...35-37

CHAPTER 4 - RESULT AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Introduction………………………………………………………..38

4.2 Result from Software………………………………………….…38

4.3 Result from Hardware……………………………………….…..39

4.4 Analysis………………………………………………………….39-40

CHAPTER 5-CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Introduction………………………………………………………41

5.2 Conclusion…………………………………………………….41-42

5.3 Project Suggestion……………………………………………..42

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LIST OF FIGURE

Figure ……………………………………………………………………………..page

Figure 1………………………………………………………………………………8

Figure 2……………………………………………………………………………..10

Figure 3……………………………………………………………………………..11

Figure 4……………………………………………………………………………..13

Figure 5……………………………………………………………………………..15

Figure 6……………………………………………………………………………..17

Figure 7……………………………………………………………………………..20

Figure 8……………………………………………………………………………..22

Figure 9……………………………………………………………………………..24

Figure 10…………………………………………………………………………....26

Figure 11…………………………………………………………………………....28

Figure 12…………………………………………………………………………....31

Figure 13…………………………………………………………………………....39

Figure 14…………………………………………………………………………....40

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ABSTRACT

Smart Lock for Controlled Medicine is a proper standard security

which are the medicine or drugs will be secured or in most organization that

means locked and available to only doctor or authorized healthcare

professional. The objectives of this project are to upgrade medication

storage with smart security system instead of using keys which can ease

doctor or parents to access to their necessary drugs safely and under

control while making a product that are totally kid-proof. To make this

project which is smart lock for controlled medicine, Arduino Nano was used

as a main component and also as a microcontroller. The other components

are TIP 122 transistor, 12v relay and magnetic lock and also power

supplies. This project was expected to function well and successful. With

some improvement that we put by some technology, this project has al lot

of potential to be developed in future for community benefits.

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CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction of chapter

Securing medicine or drugs are very important especially at the hospital and at

home. For medication storage, the key elements include security, safety and

integrity. With the standard or existing medication storage, medicine or drugs are

not totally secured because of using keys to access the medication storage.

By applying some technologies, medication storage are need to be improved

because nowadays, drugs or medicine was always been misused. With just using

keys to open the medication storage, so many dangerous situation could be

happen such as loss of keys or keys have been duplicated by irresponsible

person. This could contributed to the commission of the crime.

Smart Lock for Controlled medicine is a product that are proper standard security

which are the medicine or drugs will be secured or in most organization that

means locked and available to only doctor or authorized healthcare professional.

This product is suitable for hospital or home to reduce criminal in misuse drugs

and totally kid-proof.

Smart Lock for Controlled Medicine is desirable because it can increase the

security level to secure medicine or drugs. It was programmed to open when the

correct 4 digit password and '*' was pressed. The timer will countdown for 30

seconds before it automatically locked again. To lock the door before the

countdown reaches zero, the user need to press ' * ' again. To change the entry

lock, the user need to type 4 new digit code and press '#'.

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1.2 Project Background

Smart Lock for Controlled Medicine was chosen as a project for this Final Year

Project are because to create a user friendly project and inexpensive medication

storage. Some surveys and comparison about current security system was done

and as a result, one system that difference from current security system that

available in market are decided to be made. Besides, keypad was used as the

input for the coding system, Arduino Nano as the microcontroller, 12v magnetic

lock as the lock for this project. Smart lock for controlled medicine will be chosen

by consumer in every house in this country because the system was affordable

and friendly user; complete package that can complete with the current system.

1.3 Objectives

The objective of this project are to make this project as a most important

ingredients in medical instrument, to upgrade medication storage with smart

security system instead of using keys, to reduce criminal among teens such as

misuse drugs or stolen at hospital, to ease doctor or parents to access to

necessary drugs or medicine safely and under control. Besides, to create a user

friendly, inexpensive security system and to increase the security level.

By using the password as a security code, the security level was increase. This

code is important to recognize the user, which have the right equity to disable the

system. These system also have timer, another unique security feature.

This Smart Lock For Controlled Medicine is very easy to access if the user still

remember the passcode. By following the method and technical knowledge, we

hope these goals can achieve to make this project success and function properly.

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1.4 Scope of Project/Limitation

This project that is Smart Lock For Controlled Medicine does not need complex

and not too short according to the study and it should relate to the study basic idea

and operation of digital code lock.The project identifies the suitable type of Arduino

to develop interfacing link between hardware circuit and software programming.

The lock will be opened once the correct password was entered and accepted and

the countdown timer will start and the door will be locked again when the timer

reaches zero. The project that was produced must involve the use of components

and circuit that have been studied and understood.

1.5 Problem Statement

This product that is Smart Lock For Controlled Medicine is a product that can

solved the problem in securing controlled medicine at hospital or at home. BY

designing this smart lock, the user can easily access to their necessary medicine

safely and under control instead of standard medication storage that are just using

key to secure the drug or medicine.

Other than that, misuse of drug are criminal that are need to be worried these day.

To save the nation form this criminals, this smart lock for medication storage was

designed and created to reduce the criminal. By using password to access the

medication storage, the thief does not have chances to open the medication

storage by duplicating keys or anything. This product also can train the user to not

hide their medicine in hiding place to avoid children to found that medicine

because the user may forget the hiding place. With this product, medicine can be

stored at specific place and this product was totally kid-proof.

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1.6 Summary of Chapter

This first chapter consist of the introduction, Project Background, Objective, Scope

of Project/Limitation and Problem Statement. Chapter 1 discussed about an

introduction of the project. The main idea is about the background, Objectives,

Scope of Project/Limitation and Problem Statement of the Project was discussed.

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CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

Smart Lock for Controlled Medicine secure and secure drug and medicine form

any hazard such as crime or accident. These security system are often developed

and implemented following a risk assessment, which determines what internal and

external factors pose the greatest threat and proposes means to reduce this

threat. Technologies to diminish risk is access control measures such as password

entry system to help authorized healthcare professional to access. The project

identifies the suitable type of Arduino as a microcontroller to develop interfacing

link between hardware circuit and software programming. This project do not need

complex and not too short according to the study and it should relate to the study

basic idea and operation of digital code lock.

2.2 History of password access lock

In the 1950s, electronic locks preceded the modern access key and card control

used today. These early electronic locks required keys that were not user-specific,

and thus anyone with the correct key could access locked materials personal

identification numbers (PIN) remedied this weakness in the 1960s by tying

together facility access and individual password codes. The further development of

smart cards incorporated individual access right optically or magnetic logging and

multiple access levels. These keys and individual codes were both required to gain

access to resource. Biometric access controls were developed in the mid-1970s

as a result of concerns over risks associated with PINs and coded information.

Both keys and codes could be stolen. By examining unique human characteristics,

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biometric access controls provided more accurate identification and weren’t as

easy to counterfeit. Computer security measures such as password and encrypted

information were also established to protect digital data.

2.3 Types of Smart Lock for Controlled Medicine

2.3.1 Keypads

A keypads system is a combination lock usually appearing as a plastic input

device with at least ten numbered keys. The correct sequence of numbers must be

selected in order to gain entry. The level of security provided is a function of the

number of combinations available: the more available, the more secure the lock.

Computer- controlled keypads consist of local and centralized devices that accept

input and coded information. Keypad system are vulnerable to brute force attacks

when all possible numerical combinations have been tried. When keypad system

are in isolated areas, unauthorized attempts at entry might remain unnoticed for

long-term probing (attempts to guess codes over a long period) might also go

unnoticed.

Such weaknesses in keypad system may be overcome by placing them in visible

location and by incorporating frequent code changes, time penalties, and error

alarms. Frequent code changes, while effective in minimizing long-term probing,

require notification to all authorized entrants. Time penalties freeze or lock

up the system when a correct code hasn’t been entered within the allotted time.

This penalty significantly increase the amount of required to break into a system

using trial-and-error code guessing. Error alarms sound when incorrect codes are

entered, drawing attention to individual trying to gain entry.

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2.3.2 Access Control

Access control measure ensure that only authorized personnel have access to

restricted resource and thereby reduce the likelihood of criminal infiltration and

misuse. Keypads, cards, and proximity system are the most common automatic

interfaces between the access system and personnel. Access controls are a

common feature in increasingly sophisticated security management system for

offices. Not only can they deter unauthorized persons from gaining entry, but they

may also track suspicious activities of authorized users, such as late- night visits

and other unusual patterns.

2.3.3 Biometrics

As bio-metrics become more and more prominent as a recognized means of

positive identification, their use in security systems increases. Some new

electronic locks take advantage of technologies such as fingerprint scanning,

retinal scanning, iris scanning and voice print identification to authenticate users.

2.3.4 RFID

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is the use of an object (typically referred to

as an RFID tag) applied to or incorporated into a product, animal, or person for the

purpose of identification and tracking using radio waves. Some tags can be read

from several meters away and beyond the line of sight of the reader. This

technology is also used in modern electronic locks.

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2.4 Component Detail

2.4.1 Arduino Nano

Figure 1 : Arduino Nano

Arduino is a family of single-board microcontrollers, aimed toward building

interactive objects or environments in an easy way. The hardware consists of

open-source board designs based on various 8-bit Atmel AVR microcontrollers or

32-bit Atmel ARM processors. The systems provide sets of digital and analog I/O

pins that can be interfaced to various extension boards and other circuits. Some

models also feature a USB interface for loading code from personal computers.

The first Arduino was introduced in 2005. Its designers sought to provide an

inexpensive and easy way for hobbyists, students, and professionals to create

devices that interact with their environment using sensors and actuators. Common

examples for beginner hobbyists include simple robots, thermostats and motion

detectors. Arduino boards come with a simple integrated development

environment (IDE) that runs on regular personal computers and allows users to

write programs for Arduino using C or C++.

Arduino boards can be purchased assembled or as do-it-yourself kits. Hardware

design information is available for those who would like to assemble an Arduino by

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hand. It was estimated in mid-2011 that over 300,000 official Arduinos had been

commercially produced, and in 2013 that 700,000 official boards were in users'

hands.

An Arduino board consists of an Atmel 8-bit AVR microcontroller with

complementary components that facilitate programming and incorporation into

other circuits. An important aspect of the Arduino is its standard connectors, which

lets users connect the CPU board to a variety of interchangeable add-on modules

known as shields. Arduinos have used the mega AVR series of chips, specifically

the ATmega8, ATmega168, ATmega328, ATmega1280, and ATmega2560. A

handful of other processors have been used by Arduino compatibles.

2.4.2 TIP 122 Transistor

Figure 2 : TIP 122 Transistor

A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic

signals and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material with at least

three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to

one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the current through another pair of

terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be higher than the controlling

(input) power, a transistor can amplify a signal. Today, some transistors are

packaged individually, but many more are found embedded in integrated circuits.

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The transistor is the fundamental building block of modern electronic devices, and

is ubiquitous in modern electronic systems. Following its development in 1947 by

American physicists John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley, the

transistor revolutionized the field of electronics, and paved the way for smaller and

cheaper radios, calculators, and computers, among other things. The transistor is

on the list of IEEE milestones in electronics, and the inventors were jointly

awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for their achievement.

2.4.3 1KΩ Resistor

Figure 3 : 1KΩ Resistor

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical

resistance as a circuit element. Resistors act to reduce current flow, and, at the

same time, act to lower voltage levels within circuits. In electronic circuits resistors

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are used to limit current flow, to adjust signal levels, bias active elements,

terminate transmission lines among other uses. High-power resistors that can

dissipate many watts of electrical power as heat may be used as part of motor

controls, in power distribution systems, or as test loads for generators. Resistors

can have fixed resistances that only change slightly with temperature, time or

operating voltage. Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements (such

as a volume control or a lamp dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light,

humidity, force, or chemical activity.

Resistors are common elements of electrical networks and electronic circuits and

are ubiquitous in electronic equipment. Practical resistors as discrete components

can be composed of various compounds and forms. Resistors are also

implemented within integrated circuits.

The electrical function of a resistor is specified by its resistance: common

commercial resistors are manufactured over a range of more than nine orders of

magnitude. The nominal value of the resistance will fall within a manufacturing

tolerance.

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2.4.4 220 Ω Resistor

Figure 4 : 220 Ω Resistor

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical

resistance as a circuit element. Resistors act to reduce current flow, and, at the

same time, act to lower voltage levels within circuits. In electronic circuits resistors

are used to limit current flow, to adjust signal levels, bias active elements,

terminate transmission lines among other uses. High-power resistors that can

dissipate many watts of electrical power as heat may be used as part of motor

controls, in power distribution systems, or as test loads for generators. Resistors

can have fixed resistances that only change slightly with temperature, time or

operating voltage. Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements (such

as a volume control or a lamp dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light,

humidity, force, or chemical activity.

Resistors are common elements of electrical networks and electronic circuits and

are ubiquitous in electronic equipment. Practical resistors as discrete components

can be composed of various compounds and forms. Resistors are also

implemented within integrated circuits.

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The electrical function of a resistor is specified by its resistance: common

commercial resistors are manufactured over a range of more than nine orders of

magnitude. The nominal value of the resistance will fall within a manufacturing

tolerance.

Resistor Colour Code

A resistor colour code is a colour marking which translates into a numerical value

of the resistor. The marking on the body is in the form of bands, and follows the

IEC60062 specifications as defined in their portable document file (PDF). There

are two colour code systems currently in use, which include the four-band system,

and five-band system. This multi-page article provides calculators, tables, and

charts as a quick guide.

The five-band system provides more precision, as there are three bands dedicated

for the significant digits. The fourth band is usually the multiplier, and the fifth band

is the tolerance.

However, there are exceptions to this rule, and if the fourth band is gold or silver

indicating tolerance, then the third band is the multiplier, and the fifth band

becomes the temperature coefficient value.4 Band Chart

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Figure 5 : Colour code for resistor

Here is a four-band chart showing a 1 k resistor colour code as an example. As

you can see, it has brown, black, and red bands. The final gold band identifies the

tolerance ± 5%.

The four-band system is the most commonly used system because it is the easiest

to learn in schools, and is usually good enough for hobby use. There are two

bands dedicated for the significant digits. The third band is the multiplier, and the

fourth band is the tolerance.

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How to Read

People are often wondering how to read the colour code, and the sad fact is that it

is extremely easy. Although at first it might appear difficult, with practice you

should be able to decode in your head without using a calculator. Therefore, my

advice is not to rely on any calculators for this.

Each colour band represents a numeral, and in a four-band system, the first two

bands represent the first two significant digits of the value. The third band

represents the multiplier, or the number of zeros to append, and the fourth digit is

simply the tolerance information.

In a five-band system, the first three bands represent the significant digits of the

value, whilst the fourth band is the multiplier, and the fifth band is the tolerance.

The following sections of this page show some examples of how to read resistor

colour code. You can treat them as exercises.

Colours and numbers naturally associate and are very easy to remember,

therefore if you can remember them then try to do so without any silly poem or

rhymes.

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2.4.5 12V Relay

Figure 6 : 12V Relay

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet

to mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used,

such as solid-state relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a

circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control

and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal.

The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers: they

repeated the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitted it on another

circuit. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers

to perform logical operations.

A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an

electric motor or other loads is called a contactor. Solid-state relays control power

circuits with no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device to perform

switching. Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple

operating coils are used to protect electrical circuits from overload or faults; in

modern electric power systems these functions are performed by digital

instruments still called "protective relays".

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A simple electromagnetic relay consists of a coil of wire wrapped around a

soft iron core, an iron yoke which provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux,

a movable iron armature, and one or more sets of contacts (there are two in the

relay pictured). The armature is hinged to the yoke and mechanically linked to one

or more sets of moving contacts. It is held in place by a spring so that when the

relay is de-energized there is an air gap in the magnetic circuit. In this condition,

one of the two sets of contacts in the relay pictured is closed, and the other set is

open. Other relays may have more or fewer sets of contacts depending on their

function. The relay in the picture also has a wire connecting the armature to the

yoke. This ensures continuity of the circuit between the moving contacts on the

armature, and the circuit track on the printed circuit board (PCB) via the yoke,

which is soldered to the PCB.

When an electric current is passed through the coil it generates a magnetic

field that activates the armature, and the consequent movement of the movable

contact(s) either makes or breaks (depending upon construction) a connection

with a fixed contact. If the set of contacts was closed when the relay was de-

energized, then the movement opens the contacts and breaks the connection, and

vice versa if the contacts were open. When the current to the coil is switched off,

the armature is returned by a force, approximately half as strong as the magnetic

force, to its relaxed position. Usually this force is provided by a spring, but gravity

is also used commonly in industrial motor starters. Most relays are manufactured

to operate quickly. In a low-voltage application this reduces noise; in a high

voltage or current application it reduces arcing.

When the coil is energized with direct current, a diode is often placed

across the coil to dissipate the energy from the collapsing magnetic field at

deactivation, which would otherwise generate a voltage spike dangerous to

semiconductor circuit components. Some automotive relays include a diode inside

the relay case. Alternatively, a contact protection network consisting of a capacitor

and resistor in series (snubbed circuit) may absorb the surge. If the coil is

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designed to be energized with alternating current (AC), a small copper "shading

ring" can be crimped to the end of the solenoid, creating a small out-of-phase

current which increases the minimum pull on the armature during the AC cycle.

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2.4.6 12V Magnetic Lock

Figure 7 : 12V Magnetic Lock

An electromagnetic lock, magnetic lock, or maglock is a locking device that

consists of an electromagnet and an armature plate. There are two main types of

electric locking devices. Locking devices can be either "fail safe" or "fail secure". A

fail-secure locking device remains locked when power is lost. Fail-safe locking

devices are unlocked when de-energized. Direct pull electromagnetic locks are

inherently fail-safe. Typically the electromagnet portion of the lock is attached to

the door frame and a mating armature plate is attached to the door. The two

components are in contact when the door is closed. When the electromagnet is

energized, a current passing through the electromagnet creates a magnetic flux

that causes the armature plate to attract to the electromagnet, creating a locking

action. Because the mating area of the electromagnet and armature is relatively

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large, the force created by the magnetic flux is strong enough to keep the door

locked even under stress.

Typical single door electromagnetic locks are offered in both 600 lbs. and

1200 lbs. dynamic holding force capacities. A "fail safe" magnetic lock requires

power to remain locked and typically not suitable for high security applications

because it is possible to disable the lock by disrupting the power supply. Despite

this, by adding a magnetic bond sensor to the lock and by using a power supply

that includes a battery backup capability, some specialized higher security

applications can be implemented. Electromagnetic locks are well suited for use on

emergency exit doors that have fire safety applications because they have no

moving parts and are therefore less likely to fail than other types of electric locks,

such as electric strikes.

The strength of today's magnetic locks compares well with that of

conventional door locks and they cost less than conventional light bulbs to

operate. There are additional pieces of release hardware installed in a typical

electromagnetic locking system. Since electromagnetic locks do not interact with

levers or door knobs on a door, typically a separate release button that cuts the

lock power supply is mounted near the door. This button usually has a timer that,

once the button is pressed, keeps the lock unlocked for either 15 or 30 seconds in

accordance with NFPA fire codes. Additionally a second release is required by fire

code. Either a motion sensor or crash bar with internal switch is used to unlock to

door on the egress side of the door automatically.

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2.4.7 Bi Colour LED

Figure 8 : Bi Colour LED

Bi-color LED is two different LED emitters in one case. There are two types

of these. One type consists of two dies connected to the same two leads

antiparallel to each other. Current flow in one direction emits one color, and

current in the opposite direction emits the other color. The other type consists of

two dies with separate leads for both dies and another lead for common anode or

cathode, so that they can be controlled independently.

Light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a

basic pn-junction diode, which emits light when activated. When a suitable voltage

is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within

the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called

electroluminescence, and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the

photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor.

An LED is often small in area (less than 1 mm2) and integrated optical

components may be used to shape its radiation pattern.

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Appearing as practical electronic components in 1962, the earliest LEDs

emitted low-intensity infrared light. Infrared LEDs are still frequently used as

transmitting elements in remote-control circuits, such as those in remote controls

for a wide variety of consumer electronics. The first visible-light LEDs were also of

low intensity, and limited to red. Modern LEDs are available across the visible,

ultraviolet, and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness.

Early LEDs were often used as indicator lamps for electronic devices,

replacing small incandescent bulbs. They were soon packaged into numeric

readouts in the form of seven-segment displays, and were commonly seen in

digital clocks.

Recent developments in LEDs permit them to be used in environmental and

task lighting. LEDs have many advantages over incandescent light sources

including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved physical

robustness, smaller size, and faster switching. Light-emitting diodes are now used

in applications as diverse as aviation lighting, automotive headlamps, advertising,

general lighting, traffic signals, and camera flashes. However, LEDs powerful

enough for room lighting are still relatively expensive, and require more precise

current and heat management than compact fluorescent lamp sources of

comparable output.

LEDs have allowed new text, video displays, and sensors to be developed,

while their high switching rates are also useful in advanced communications

technology.

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CHAPTER 3- METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

This chapter will discuss the function of each circuit. In the order to

develop a project, it must be plan the strategy before start to build a project. The

Gantt chart is very importance because it will guide the progress of the whole

project. The design of home security system can be essentially divided into two

parts, first, the hardware and the second one is the software. The hardware

implementation is done by the design and research for the circuit including the

component selection. In the software part, the program codes are created base on

the usage of the microcontroller and the programming Arduino used.

3.2 Block Diagram

Figure 9 : Block Diagram

3.2.1 Block Diagram Explanation

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Smart Lock for Controlled Medicine is activated by two power supplies ; 5V

dc is supplied to the microcontroller that is Arduino Nano and 12V dc is supplied to

energise the magnetic lock. From the block diagram, the first step is keypad. The

user must enter the code password that is four digits. After the four digits

password was entered, the microcontroller will read the send the output to the bi-

colour LED. When the wrong password was detected, the LED will red which

means the current passes in one direction through them. When the correct

password was entered, the LED will green and send signal to relay through TIP

122 transistor. The relay will activated and cut the circuit, so that no current will

pass to the magnetic lock and the door can be opened. The timer countdown will

start and the relay is deactivated automatically and the door will be locked again

when the timer reaches zero.

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3.3 Methodology Flow Chart

Figure 10 : Methodology Flow Chart

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3.3.1 Flow Chart Explanation

First of all, after done all the researches about the the information of the

project (literature review) that includes datasheet, component details, and software

that will be used, a block diagram was designed to know and identify the input,

process and the output. For drawing a PCB layout, PCB wizard software was

chosen and Arduino software was used as a compiler to upload the coding to the

microcontroller. After constructing circuit, the circuit need to be tested to analyse

the functionality. The circuit will be compared to see the functionality, and it

repeatedly tested and reconstruct until it functions correctly. When the functionality

is correct, the next step is draw a conclusion and done.

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3.4 Flow Chart Operation

Figure 11 : Flow Chart Operation

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3.4.1 Flow Chart Explanation

Smart Lock for Controlled Medicine operate for 24 hours to secure and

protect controlled medicine or drugs. After entering the password, the LED will

green if the password is correct and will red if the password entered is wrong.

When the LED is green, the door can be opened and timer countdown will active

and the door will automatically locked again when the timer reaches zero.

3.5 Budgeting

List of Component

No. Component Name Quantity Unit / Price

(RM)

Amount

(RM)

1 Arduino Nano 1 31.00 31.00

2 Resistor 2 0.15 0.30

3 TIP 122 Transistor 1 1.00 1.00

4 Bi-color LED 1 2.50 2.50

5 12v Relay 1 5.00 5.00

6 12v Magnetic Lock 1 180.00 180.00

7 Small Cupboard 1 40.00 40.00

8 Perspex 1 20.00 20.00

9 PCB Board 1 23.00 23.00

10 Wire Jumper (single core) 1 roll 18.00 18.00

TOTAL (RM) 320.80

Table 1 : Budgeting

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3.6 Time Planning

Table 2 : Time Planning

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3.7 Step To Do PCB Design and Fabrication

Figure 12 : Step To Do PCB Design and Fabrication

Step 1: Prepare a layout of the circuit on any commonly used PCB designing

software. A layout is a design which interconnects the components according to

the schematic diagram (circuit diagram). Take a mirror image print of the layout on

the OHP sheet using a laser printer. Make sure that the design is correct with

proper placement of the components.

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Step 2: Cut the copper board according to the size of layout. A copper board is the

base of a PCB, it can be single layer, double layer or multiplayer board.

Single layer copper board has copper on one side of the PCB, they are used to

make single layer PCBs, it is widely used by hobbyist or in the small circuits. A

double layer copper board consists of copper on both the sides of the PCB. These

boards are generally used by the industries. A multilayer board has multiple layers

of copper; they are quite costly and mainly used for complex circuitries like mother

board of PC

Step 3: Rub the copper side of PCB using steel wool. This removes the top oxide

layer of copper as well as the photo resists layer if any.

Step 4: Place the OHP sheet (wax paper) which has the printed layout on the PCB

sheet. Make sure that the printed/mirror side should be placed on the copper side

of PCB.

Step 5: Put a white paper on the OHP sheet and start ironing. The heat applied by

the electric iron causes the ink of the traces on the OHP sheet to stick on the

copper plate exactly in the same way it is printed on the OHP sheet. This means

that the copper sheet will now have the layout of the PCB printed on it. Allow the

PCB plate to cool down and slowly remove the OHP sheet. Since it is manual

process it may happen that the layout doesn’t comes properly on PCB or some of

the tracks are broken in between. Use the permanent marker and complete the

tracks properly.

Step 6: Now the layout is printed on PCB. The area covered by ink is known as

the masked area and the unwanted copper, not covered by the ink is known as

unmasked area. Now make a solution of ferric chloride. Take a plastic box and fill

it up with some water. Dissolve 2-3 tea spoon of ferric chloride power in the water.

Dip the PCB into the Etching solution (Ferric chloride solution, Fecl3) for

approximately 30 mints. The Fecl3 reacts with the unmasked copper and removes

the unwanted copper from the PCB. This process is called as Etching. Use pliers

to take out the PCB and check if the entire unmasked area has been etched or

not. In case it is not etched leave it for some more time in the solution.

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Step 7: Take out the PCB wash it in cold water and remove the ink by rubbing it

with steel wool. The remaining area which has not been etched is the conductive

copper tracks which connect the components as per the circuit diagram.

Step 8: Now carefully drill the PCB using a drilling machine on the pads.

Step 9: Put the components in the correct holes and solder them

3.8 Arduino Program using Arduino Software

3.9.1 Software

The software section consist of a few parts which are compiler and

programmer. The compiler is the integrated with the program editor to compile the

written program. The programmer function to upload the program into the

microcontroller.

3.9.2 Arduino Software

There are many other microcontrollers and microcontroller platforms

available for physical computing. Parallax Basic Stamp, Netmedia's BX-24,

Phigets, MIT's Handyboard, and many others offer similar functionality. All of these

tools take the messy details of microcontroller programming and wrap it up in an

easy-to-use package. Arduino also simplifies the process of working with

microcontrollers, but it offers some advantage for teachers, students, and

interested amateurs over other systems:

Inexpensive - Arduino boards are relatively inexpensive compared to other

microcontroller platforms. The least expensive version of the Arduino module can

be assembled by hand, and even the pre-assembled Arduino modules cost less

than $50

Cross-platform - The Arduino software runs on Windows, Macintosh OSX, and

Linux operating systems. Most microcontroller systems are limited to Windows.

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Simple, clear programming environment - The Arduino programming environment

is easy-to-use for beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced users to take

advantage of as well. For teachers, it's conveniently based on the Processing

programming environment, so students learning to program in that environment

will be familiar with the look and feel of Arduino

Open source and extensible software- The Arduino software is published as open

source tools, available for extension by experienced programmers. The language

can be expanded through C++ libraries, and people wanting to understand the

technical details can make the leap from Arduino to the AVR C programming

language on which it's based. Similarly, you can add AVR-C code directly into your

Arduino programs if you want to.

Open source and extensible hardware - The Arduino is based on Atmel's

ATMEGA8 and ATMEGA168 microcontrollers. The plans for the modules are

published under a Creative Commons license, so experienced circuit designers

can make their own version of the module, extending it and improving it. Even

relatively inexperienced users can build the breadboard version of the module in

order to understand how it works and save money.

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3.9.3 Program that are used.

Step I - Initialize the EEPROM

#include <EEPROM.h>

/* initialise EEPROM with default code */

void setup()

EEPROM.write(0,'1');

EEPROM.write(1,'2');

EEPROM.write(2,'3');

EEPROM.write(3,'4');

void loop()

This simple program should be uploaded to the Arduino before going any further. All it does is use the EEPROM library to initialise the first four EEPROM locations with the ASCII characters for 1, 2, 3 and 4. Note, ASCII is required as the keypad library function is designed to convert keypad presses into characters (more on this later).

Step 2: The actual code

Now the EEPROM initialised and the real code was put in place.

#include <Keypad.h>

#include <EEPROM.h>

// standard keypad set-up code taken from Alexander Brevig

// keypad example "HelloKeypad" in IDE File->Examples->Keypad

const byte ROWS = 4; //four rows

const byte COLS = 3; //three columns

char keys[ROWS][COLS] =

'1','2','3',

'4','5','6',

'7','8','9',

'*','0','#'

;

// this may be different on different keypads - please check!

byte rowPins[ROWS] = 11, 6, 7, 9; //connect to the row pinouts of the keypad

byte colPins[COLS] = 10, 12, 8; //connect to the column pinouts of the keypad

// attach keypad

Keypad keypad = Keypad( makeKeymap(keys), rowPins, colPins, ROWS, COLS );

booleanisOpen=false; // flag determining the state of the lock

booleanisValid=false; // flag determining the validity of an input

char entryCode[4]='1','2','3','4'; // The code you need (overwritten from

EEPROM)

char inputB[4]='*','*','*','*'; // the keypad input buffer

inti;

long t=-1;

// set up the device

void setup()

Serial.begin(9600); // this is added for debugging - allows you to echo the keys

to the computer

pinMode(5,OUTPUT); //LED 1

pinMode(4,OUTPUT); //LED 2

pinMode(3,OUTPUT); //SOLENOID

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digitalWrite(3,LOW); // SOLENOID OFF

digitalWrite(4,LOW); //

digitalWrite(5,HIGH); // 4 LOW, 5 HIGH BI-COLOUR LED IS RED

/*

read code from EEPROM

IMPORTANT - initialise first otherwise you'll never get in!

*/

for (i=0;i<4;i++)

entryCode[i]=char(EEPROM.read(i));

void loop()

// t is the count-down timer. It is set when the lock is

// open and counts down to zero, at which point the lock is closed

if (t>0) t--;

if (t<=0)

isOpen=false;

digitalWrite(3,LOW); // SOLENOID OFF

digitalWrite(4,LOW);

digitalWrite(5,HIGH); // 4 LOW, 5 HIGH BI-COLOUR LED IS RED

char key = keypad.getKey(); // get a key (if pressed)

if (key)

Serial.println(key); // echo to computer fo debugging

if (key=='*') // if '*' check the last four digits are the entry code

Serial.println(inputB[0]);

Serial.println(inputB[1]);

Serial.println(inputB[2]);

Serial.println(inputB[3]);

// could do in a loop, but didn't!

if(inputB[0]==entryCode[0] &&

inputB[1]==entryCode[1] &&

inputB[2]==entryCode[2] &&

inputB[3]==entryCode[3] )

isOpen=true; // code ok - set open flag true

inputB[0]='*'; // reset input buffer

inputB[1]='*';

inputB[2]='*';

inputB[3]='*';

t=1000000; // reset countdown timer

else

isOpen=false; // code wrong - set open flag false

//isOpen=!isOpen;

if(isOpen)

digitalWrite(3,HIGH); // SOLENOID ON

digitalWrite(4,HIGH);

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digitalWrite(5,LOW); // 4 HIGH, 5 LOW BI-COLOUR LED IS GREEN

else

digitalWrite(3,LOW); // SOLENOID OFF

digitalWrite(4,LOW);

digitalWrite(5,HIGH); // 4 LOW, 5 HIGH BI-COLOUR LED IS RED

else

// a key other than '*' has been pressed

/*

lock is open and '#' pressed - store last 4 keys in eeprom as

new lock, but only if last 4 entries are digits

*/

if (isOpen&& key=='#')

// check a valid 4 digit code is in the iput buffer

isValid=true;

for (i=0;i<4;i++) if(inputB[i]=='*' || inputB[i]=='#') isValid=false;

if (isValid)

for (i=0;i<4;i++)

entryCode[i]=inputB[i]; // copy contents of input buffer to code buffer

EEPROM.write(i,entryCode[i]); // write the values in the EEPROM so they stay!

// flash LED to signal change

for (i=0;i<4;i++)

digitalWrite(4,LOW);

digitalWrite(5,HIGH);

delay(500);

digitalWrite(4,HIGH);

digitalWrite(5,LOW);

delay(500);

else

// a digit has been pressed. First shift the contents of the key buffer

along...

for (i=0;i<3;i++)

inputB[i]=inputB[i+1]; // you lose the first key in the buffer doing this

inputB[3]=key; // ...then add the new key at the end of the list

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CHAPTER 4 - RESULT AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Introduction

This chapter presents the result and analysis of the whole project. This

process is required to determine the performance and achievement of the project.

The result must consider all objectives and scope that had been mention previous.

The analysis is based on problems encountered during project development and

the solution, comparison of overall project's result with project's objectives,

explanation on project's functionality or multifunction part and final result that

already achieve.

4.2 Result from Software

For programming simulation, the software that are used is Arduino

software because Arduino Nano was used in this project. After finished writing the

coding on the software, we run the coding by clicking run button. After the result

shows no error, it means there is no error on that coding and the next step in

upload which means the coding was uploaded into the microcontroller which is

Arduino Nano.

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4.3 Result from Hardware

The LED was red which means that the door was locked. After entering four digits

code, , the LED will green if the password is correct and will red if the password

entered was incorrect. When the LED is green, the door can be opened and timer

countdown will active and the door will automatically locked again when the timer

reaches zero.

4.4 Analysis

The result obtained from the project's function was same as wished. It runs

perfectly and follow all the principle written on the coding that was uploaded.

Figure 13 : when LED is red which means the door was locked

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Figure 14 : when LED is green which means the lock was opened

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CHAPTER 5-CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Introduction

This chapter discuss about the conclusion and suggestion in the future

about their project. This project have two major parts which is hardware

description and software implementation. Both topics very well related and

important to each other and can be applied to perform the system more effective.

This chapter is very important because all the conclusion of overall project and

help to overcome the problem and improve the efficiency of the project in the

future.

5.2 Conclusion

Smart Lock For Controlled Medicine is one of option for medicine security

that was available in market. This project focuses on the patient's health by

securing and protect their medicine. The objective of this Smart Lock For

Controlled Medicine which are to make this project as a most important ingredients

in medical instrument, to upgrade medication storage with smart security system

instead of using keys, to reduce criminal among teens such as misuse drugs or

stolen at hospital, to ease doctor or parents to access to necessary drugs or

medicine safely and under control. Besides, to create a user friendly, inexpensive

security system and to increase the security level was successfully achieved.

In this project, the main component which is the CPU for this smart lock is

Arduino Nano and create the coding to program this project by using Arduino

software. The coding that was created has no errors and successfully uploaded

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into the microcontroller. The keypad that are used to enter the secret code is 3x4

keypad. Besides that, the other component that make this project succeed to run

are TIP 122 transistor, 12v relay and the magnetic lock.

The system was not too complicated and also easy to use. Their project

also has a different price which is affordable compared to the current medication

storage. However, this Smart Lock for Controlled Medicine was very durable and

easy to use.

5.3 Project Suggestion

The Smart Lock for Controlled Medicine have a lot of potential to be

developed in future for the community benefits. To upgrade this smart lock, maybe

by putting an alarm, if someone tried to open the medication storage by entering

the wrong password for two or three times, the alarm with turn on and the system

will send the message to the user.

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APPENDIX