SIR-KIT ELECTRONICS 1 kits.pdf · circuit if connected after kit 1c. Kit 1z can be used to operate a bell or a motor.This circuit cou ld be used to count people breaking a beam of

SIR-KIT ELECTRONICSKIT 1a

TRANSISTOR SWITCH

CONTENTS: 1 Transistor BC 3371 Resistor 4K7 (4700 ohms)1 Piece of stripboard6 Circuit pins3 Lengths of wire - red,black,yellow1 PP3 battery connector1 Piece of solder

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: +9V

OUTPUT

0V

INPUT

e

b c4K7

BC337 ec

b

Undersideof

transistor

SUGGESTED LAYOUT:

Resistor

Transistor

OUTPUT

INPUT

Pins

Copper tracks under board

RED BATTERYLEAD

BLACK BATTERYLEAD

HOW THE CIRCUIT WORKS:

When the potential difference (P.D.) applied to the BASE of the transistor is less than 0.6 Volts t he transistor is OFF and no current flows from COLLECTOR to EMITTER. When the P.D. applied to the BASE is above 0.6 Volts the transistor is ON and current flows from COLLECTOR to EMITTER. The 4K7 resistor stops base current getting high enough to damage the transistor.

USING THIS KIT:

This kit requires an input circuit and an output circuit. Suitable kits are shown on the block diag ram. Use short pieces of wire to join the kits, red for + supply, black for - supply and yellow for input an d output. Further details are supplied with each kit. Try different combinations and note what each does. Keep your built kits so you can try new ideas later. Perhaps you will be able to use them to test ideas for a G.C.S.E. project.

TRANSISTOR SWITCH

Kit 1a

INPUT CIRCUIT

Kit 1b, c, d, e,2a or b

OUTPUT CIRCUIT

Kit 1x, y, z,2c, d, e or f

NOTE: a PP3 9 Volt battery should be used.

SIR-KIT ELECTRONICSKIT 1b

RAIN/MOISTURE SENSOR

CONTENTS: 1 Variable Resistor 47K (47000 ohms)2 Pieces of stripboard5 Circuit pins3 Lengths of wire - red,black,yellow1 Piece of solid core wire1 Piece of solder

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

SUGGESTED LAYOUT:

Variable Resistor

OUTPUT

Pins


RED LEAD

BLACK LEAD


USING THIS KIT:

+9V

OUTPUT

0V

47K

RAINSENSOR

RAIN SENSORjoin alternatecopper strips

with wire as shown

This is a Potential Divider circuit containing a piece of stripboard which has very high resistance when dry and low resistance when wet. It divides the battery voltage and gives a Potential Difference (P.D.) across the BASE/EMITTER of a transistor of the CONTROL circuit i.e. Kit 1a.

Kit 1a, h or jplus optionalkit 1f, g or n

INPUT CIRCUIT

Kit 1b

OUTPUT CIRCUIT


CONTROLRed Red

Yellow Yellow

Join kits together as shown below with short pieces of wire. Adjust the variable resistor so that the L.E.D. or lamp (kit 1x or 1y) is just OFF when the sensor is dry and it will come on when it is wet. Kit 1f or 1h increase sensitivity, kit 1g produces a hysteresis effect, and kit 1n will reverse the effect of the circuit if connected after kit 1b. Kit 1z can be used to operate a bell or a motor. Try the effect of reversing the Red and Black wires from the kit 1b to the control circuit. You might use this arrangement to indicate when a pot plant needs watering, or for an automatic watering system. This kit could also be used to give audible or visual indication when water in a container reached a predete rmined level.

Black

SIR-KIT ELECTRONICSKIT 1c

LIGHT/DARK SENSOR

CONTENTS: 1 Variable Resistor 100K (100,000 ohms)1 Light dependent resistor1 Piece of stripboard3 Circuit pins3 Lengths of wire - red,black,yellow1 Piece of solder

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

SUGGESTED LAYOUT:

Variable Resistor

OUTPUT

Pins


RED LEAD

BLACK LEAD


USING THIS KIT:

+9V

OUTPUT

0V

100K

This is a Potential Divider circuit containing a Light Dependent Resistor which has high resistance when dark and low resistance when light. It divides the battery voltage and gives a Potential Difference (P.D.) across the BASE/EMITTER of a transistor of the CONTROL circuit i.e. Kit 1a.


INPUT CIRCUIT

Kit 1c

OUTPUT CIRCUIT


CONTROLRed Red

Yellow Yellow

Join kits together as shown below with short pieces of wire. Adjust the variable resistor so that the L.E.D. or lamp (kit 1x or 1y) is just OFF when the sensor is lit and it will come on when it is dark. Kit 1f or 1h increase sensitivity, kit 1g produces a hysteresis effect, and kit 1n will reverse the effect of the circuit if connected after kit 1c. Kit 1z can be used to operate a bell or a motor.This circuit cou ld be used to count people breaking a beam of light, to stop a conveyor belt , or if used with a latching circuit (kit 1z)it could make a burglar alarm. Try the effect of reversing the Red and Black wires from the kit 1c to the control circuit. You might use this arrangement to operate garage doors with car headlights. Which arrangement could be used for street lights?

Black

LIGHT DEPENDENTRESISTOR

Light DependantResistor

SIR-KIT ELECTRONICSKIT 1d

TEMPERATURE SENSOR

CONTENTS: 1 Variable Resistor 100K (100000 ohms)1 Thermistor1 Piece of stripboard3 Circuit pins3 Lengths of wire - red,black,yellow1 Piece of solder

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

SUGGESTED LAYOUT:

Thermistor

OUTPUT

Pins


RED LEAD

BLACK LEAD


USING THIS KIT:

+9V

OUTPUT

0V

100K

This is a Potential Divider circuit containing a Thermistor which has high resistance when cold and low resistance when hot. It divides the battery voltage and gives a Potential Difference (P.D.) across the BASE/EMITTER of a transistor of the CONTROL circuit i.e. Kit 1a.


INPUT CIRCUIT

Kit 1d

OUTPUT CIRCUIT


CONTROLRed Red

Yellow Yellow

Join kits together as shown below with short pieces of wire. Adjust the variable resistor so that the L.E.D. or lamp (kit 1x or 1y) is just OFF, then it will come on when the thermistor is warmed with a finge r and thumb.. Kit 1f or 1h increase sensitivity, kit 1g produces a hysteresis effect, and kit 1n will reverse the effect of the circuit if connected after kit 1d. Kit 1z can be used to operate a bell or a motor.This circuit cou ld be used to turn on an electric fan when it gets hot. Try the effect of reversing the Red and Black wires from the kit 1d to the control circuit. You might use this arrangement to operate an ice warning device for a car. Which arrangement could be used for a refrigerator thermostat, and which one for a room heater?

Black

Thermistor

Variable resistor YELLOW

SIR-KIT ELECTRONICSKIT 1e

TIME DELAY UNIT

CONTENTS: 1 Variable Resistor 1M (1000000ohms)1 4K7 Resistor1 Capacitor 1000uF1 SPST Switch1 Piece of stripboard3 Circuit pins3 Lengths of wire - red,black,yellow1 Piece of solder

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

SUGGESTED LAYOUT:

OUTPUT

Pins


RED LEAD

BLACK LEAD


USING THIS KIT:

+9V

OUTPUT

0V


INPUT CIRCUIT

Kit 1e

OUTPUT CIRCUIT


CONTROLRed Red

Yellow Yellow

Join kits together as shown below with short pieces of wire. Kit 1f or 1h increase sensitivity and kit 1n will reverse the effect of the circuit if connected after kit 1e. Kit 1z can be used to operate a bell or a motor. Kit 1g can be used to improve the way the circuit turns on, making a more positive action. This kit can be used for an egg timer or a photographic timer. It can also be used for entry or exit delays on burglar alarms.

Black

Variable resistor

YELLOW

1M

1M

4K7

SWITCH

SWITCH

1000uF

1000uF

4K7

The capacitor takes time to charge up as it takes current through the resistors. When the potential difference across it reaches 0.6 Volts it will switch on the transistor of kit 1a or turn on one of the alternative control kits. The time taken to do this is set by the variable resistor. The switch is used to reset the circuit by shorting the capacitor to return its potential to zero.

KIT 1fD.C. AMPLIFIER

CONTENTS: 1 Transistor BC 547 1 4K7 (4700 ohms) resistor1 1K (1000 ohms) resistor 1 680R (680 ohms) resistor1 Piece of stripboard 6 Circuit pins3 Lengths of wire - red,black,yellow 1 Piece of solder

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

SUGGESTED LAYOUT:

OUTPUT

Pins


RED LEAD

RED LEAD

BLACK LEAD

BLACK LEAD


USING THIS KIT:

+9V

OUTPUT

0V

680R

Join kits together as shown below with short pieces of wire. Using this kit will increase the sensitivity of the moisture sensor so it will detect the moisture in your breath. The light sensor will now detect shadow instead of complete darkness.The action of this kit should be compared with that of kit 1g.NOTE. The degree of sensitivity of these kits depends on the load, so the effect is more noticeable with the lamp or relay than with the L.E.D. output kit.

Kit 1a, h or j

INPUT CIRCUIT

Kit 1b,c,d or e

Kit 1fOUTPUT CIRCUIT


CONTROL

Red

Yellow

Red

Yellow

Black

Red

Yellow

Black

YELLOW

4K7

1K

BC 547 or 548INPUT

INPUTYELLOW

This is a circuit which magnifies changes in voltage. Small changes in input voltage cause small changes in Base/Emitter current which cause larger changes in Collector/Emitter current which set up a voltage across the 680 ohm resistor. This is the output voltage.

SIR-KIT ELECTRONICS

KIT 1SCHMITT TRIGGER CIRCUIT

g

CONTENTS: 2 Transistors BC 547 3 4K7 (4700 ohms) resistors1 2K2 (2200 ohms) resistor 1 68R (68 ohms) resistor1 Piece of stripboard 6 Circuit pins3 Lengths of wire - red,black,yellow 1 Piece of solder

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

SUGGESTED LAYOUT:

OUTPUT

Pins


RED LEAD

RED LEAD

BLACK LEAD

BLACK LEAD


USING THIS KIT:

+9V

OUTPUT

0V

68R

Join kits together as shown below with short pieces of wire. The action of this kit should be compared with that of kit 1f. Using a light sensor for example, it should be possible to observe the difference in switch on and switch off points.NOTE. The degree of sensitivity of these kits depends on the load, so the effect is more noticeable with the lamp or relay than with the L.E.D. output kit.

Kit 1a, h or j

INPUT CIRCUIT

Kit 1b,c,d or e

Kit 1gOUTPUT CIRCUIT


CONTROL

Red

Yellow

Red

Yellow

Black

Red

Yellow

Black

YELLOW

4K7

4K7 2K2

4K7BC 547 or 548

BC 547 or 548

INPUT

INPUTYELLOW

This is a circuit which magnifies changes in voltage and due to the feedback produced by the common emitter resistor it switches on very quickley and has a built in hysteresis effect. Hysteresis means that the circuit turns on at a higher input voltage than the switch off voltage. This makes a very stable switch. When used for turning on street lights for example it is unaffected by car headlights or passing clouds.

SIR-KIT ELECTRONICS

KIT 1hDARLINGTON PAIR CIRCUIT

CONTENTS: 2 Transistors BC 547, BC 338 1 4K7 (4700 ohms) resistor1 Piece of stripboard 6 Circuit pins3 Lengths of wire - red,black,yellow 1 Piece of solder1 Battery Connector

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

SUGGESTED LAYOUT:

Pins


REDOUTPUT LEAD

RED BATTERY LEAD

RED LEAD

BLACK BATTERY LEAD

BLACK LEAD


USING THIS KIT:

+9V

OUTPUT

0V

Join kits together as shown below with short pieces of wire. The battery lead should be joined to a PP3 9 volt battery.If using a series 2 kit as output the battery lead on that kit is replaced by the red and yellow ou tput leads of this kit.

INPUT CIRCUIT

Kit 1b,c,d or e

Kit 1hOUTPUT CIRCUIT


Yellow

Red

Yellow

Black

YELLOWOUTPUT LEAD

4K7

BC 338 or 337

BC 547 or 548

INPUT

INPUTYELLOW

The emitter current of the first transistor supplies the base of the second transistor. The current gain of the pair is equal to the product of the gains of the two transistors. A much smaller increase of input current will fully turn on the circuit compared with a single transistor.Compare its action with the other circuits you have made.The Darlington pair is so useful that many types are available in single cans. Look for the name Darlington in transistor data lists.

Red

SIR-KIT ELECTRONICS

KIT 1j741 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER

CONTENTS: 1 Transistor BC 3271 741 Op Amp integrated circuit 1 4K7 (4700 ohms) resistor2 10K (10000 ohms) resistors 1 battery connector1 Piece of stripboard 6 Circuit pins3 Lengths of wire - red,black,yellow 1 Piece of solder

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

SUGGESTED LAYOUT:

OUTPUT

Pins

= cut throughCopper tracks under boardx

REDBATTERY

LEAD

REDLEAD

BLACKBATTERY

LEAD

BLACK LEAD


USING THIS KIT:

+9V

OUTPUT

0V

Join kits together as shown below with short pieces of wire. The action of this kit could be reversed by swapping connections to pins 2 and 3. Using a light sensor for example, it would be possible to change a light switch to a dark switch.NOTE: a PP3 9 volt battery should be used.

This circuit could be used in thermostats, remote flash photography, light guided vehicles, automat ic light switching, burglar alarms, liquid level detectors, humidity detectors etc. Can you think of more?

INPUT CIRCUIT

Kit 1b,c,d or e

Kit 1jOUTPUT CIRCUIT


Yellow

Black

Red

Yellow

Black

YELLOWBLACK

4K7BC 327

INPUT

INPUTYELLOW

In this application the operational amplifier is used as a voltage controlled switch. It has two inputs-pin 2 is the inverting input and pin 3 is the non-inverting input. We have chosen to fix the non-inverting input at 4.5V and apply our input from the sensor to the inverting input. This means that a small increase in input voltage will swing the output towards negative potential and switch on the P.N.P. transistor. NOTE this gives the output between collector and negative.

7

46

- 2

+3

741

e

c

b

10K

10K

BC 327

eb c

xxx

x

}

x

Note the positionof the notch or dotat top of 741 I.C.

10K

4K710K

SIR-KIT ELECTRONICS

KIT 1mMotor and gears.

CONTENTS: 1 1.5 to 3 volt D.C. motor1 Battery box for 2 AA batteries (not supplied in kit)1 50 mm length of gear shaft1 each of the following gears: 9mm, 16mm, 22mm, 31mm, 16mm double, 22mm double, worm, (total of 7 gears).1 Piece of solder

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

IDEAS FOR BUILDING GEARBOXES:

USING THIS KIT:

Join your kit to the output of kit 1z. If you also use kit 1d and a control kit of your choice you can make a thermostatically controlled fan.You could use 2 light sensitive circuits and 2 motor kits to make a white line tracking buggy. Robots, model cranes and conveyer belts could also be powered by this motor. It can be controlled byother Sir-Kits using kit 1z as an interface.

Switch S may be therelay contacts of kit 1z.

3 VoltBattery

Motor

S

Switch

Cut 2 sides and 2 ends. Use thin wood, plastic,aluminium, brass or tinplate.

Arrange required gears on one side, ensuring correct meshing, and mark centres using a small nail.

Clamp 2 sides together, drill through both sides.

9mm 16mm 22mm 31mmsingle double double single

Use a drill size to suit the shaft provided.

Cut shaft with hacksaw. Assemble with epoxyglue or solder depending on material chosen.

OUTPUT30 timesslower thanmotor

Use of worm gear.

SIR-KIT ELECTRONICS

KIT 1nINVERTER MODULE (NOT GATE)

CONTENTS: 1 Transistor BC 547 1 Resistor 4K7 (4700 ohms)1 Piece of stripboard 1 Resistor 1K (1000 ohms)6 Circuit pins 3 Lengths of wire - red,black,yellow 1 Piece of solder

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

OUTPUT

0V

INPUT

e

b c4K7

1K

B 547 or 548c ecb

Undersideof

transistor

SUGGESTED LAYOUT:

Resistor 4K7

Resistor 1K

TransistorBC547

OUTPUTYELLOW

INPUTYELLOW

Pins


REDRED

BLACK

BLACK


When the potential difference (P.D.) applied to the BASE of the transistor is less than 0.6 Volts t he transistor is OFF and the output is HIGH via the 1K resistor. When the P.D. applied to the BASE is above 0.6 Volts the transistor is ON and the output goes LOW via the transistor. The 4K7 resistor stops b ase current getting high enough to damage the transistor.

USING THIS KIT:

Join the kits together as shown below using short pieces of wire - Red for positive, Black for nega tive, and Yellow for input and output signals. Notice how the function of your INPUT module (Kit 1b, 1c, 1d, or 1e) is reversed, i.e. light switch becomes dark switch, wet switch becomes dry switch, time delay ON becomes time delay OFF etc. This is especially useful with the time delay input module because unlike the o ther modules it cannot easily be reversed.

SIR-KIT ELECTRONICS

INVERTERMODULE

Kit 1n

TRANSISTOR SWITCH

Kit 1a,h or j

INPUT CIRCUIT


OUTPUT CIRCUIT


+9V

KIT 1tThyristor latch circuit.

CONTENTS:

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

SUGGESTED LAYOUT:

USING THIS KIT:

Kit 1a, h or j

INPUT CIRCUIT

Kit 1b,c,d or e

OUTPUT CIRCUITMOTOR, BELL, BUZZER OR SOLENOID

ETCKit 1t

CONTROLRedRed

Black Black

Red

Yellow

Black


When the INPUT is electrically connected, even if only briefly, the potential on the thyristor gate

goes positive and the thyristor is switched on. The thyristor then turns on the OUTPUT. It stays on

even if the sensor gap opens again. This is called latching. This is a LATCH circuit. The circuit

can be unlatched or reset by pressing the switch.

R1 is used to protect the thyristor gate from too much current.

R2 is used to hold the gate at zero potential when not triggered (this should eliminate problems

with static charge).R3 is included to maintain latching even if the output current varies (within reasonable limits)

because the thyristor requires a minimum current to stay latched.

This kit can be used as a CONTROL circuit, with the addition of a buzzer to make a “steady hand game” or may be used with other kits to latch an output as shown below. Useful in alarm circuits etc.

1 Thyristor 2 resistors 1 resistor 4K71piece of stripboard 8 circuit pins

10K 1 push switch

Wire, 3 red, 5 black 1 piece of solder

g

a

k

gakMetal side

TIC106Thyristor

Copper tracksunder board

Wire link

SIR-KIT ELECTRONICS

KIT 1xL.E.D. OUTPUT INDICATOR

CONTENTS: 1 Light emitting diode1 Resistor 470R (470 ohms)1 Piece of stripboard2 Circuit pins2 Lengths of wire - red,yellow1 Piece of solder


INPUTYELLOW

INPUTYELLOW

470R

SUGGESTED LAYOUT:

Resistor

Pins


RED LEAD


USING THIS KIT:

CONTROL

Kit 1a,h or j

INPUT CIRCUIT


OUTPUT CIRCUIT

Kit 1x

L.E.D.

L.E.D.

NOTE LEAD NEARFLAT ON L.E.D. IS

JOINED TO RESISTOR

RED RED

YELLOWYELLOW

BLACK

This circuit is an indicator to show when a control circuit is switched on. An L.E.D. is a semiconductor diode which gives out light when current flows through it in the forward direction only, so it must be conected the right way round in the circuit. It uses very little current compared to a lamp like the one used in kit 1y, but too much current can easily damage it. The resistor is used to control the current through the L.E.D.

Join your kit to the output of a control kit as shown below using short pieces of wire. The L.E.D. will light when the control circuit is switched on.

If you need a stronger light output than the L.E.D. can give you can use the lamp output indicator (kit 1y).

SIR-KIT ELECTRONICS

KIT 1LAMP OUTPUT INDICATOR

y

CONTENTS: 1 6 Volt 0.06 Amp signal lamp1 Resistor 33R (33 ohms)1 m.e.s lampholder2 Lengths of wire - yellow1 Piece of solder


INPUTYELLOW

33R

SUGGESTED LAYOUT:

Resistor


USING THIS KIT:

CONTROL

Kit 1a,h or j

INPUT CIRCUIT


OUTPUT CIRCUIT

Kit 1y

RED YELLOW

YELLOWYELLOW

BLACK

This circuit is an indicator to show when a control circuit is switched on. The resistor is used to control the current through the signal lamp, so that an easily obtainable 6Volt lamp can be used with the 9Volt battery.

Join your kit to the output of a control kit as shown below using short pieces of wire. The signal lamp will light when the control circuit is switched on.

signallamp

signallamp

m.e.s lampholder

SOLDER ALL JOINTS

SIR-KIT ELECTRONICS

Join kits together as shown below with short pieces of wire. The relay is used to operate a circuit which needs to be electrically seperated from the control ci rcuit. This is usually because it runs on a different voltage or needs too much current for the transistor in t he control circuit to supply.It may also be used for latching (making a second circuit stay on when the control circuit has turned off). This is useful in a burglar alarm. For this option add two wires as shown below.

KIT 1zRelay interface unit.

CONTENTS:

1 relay 1 diode1 Piece of stripboard 8 Circuit pins3 Lengths of wire - red,black,yellow 1 Piece of solder

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

SUGGESTED LAYOUT:

Pins

COMMON 2

COMMON 2

COMMON 2

COMMON 1

COMMON 1

N/C 2

N/C 2

N/C 1

N/C 1

N/O 2

N/O 2

N/O 2

N/O 1

COMMON 1

N/O 1

N/O 1+9V

+9V

INPUT

INPUT fromcontrol circuit

RED LEAD

BLACK LEAD


USING THIS KIT:

Kit 1a, h or j

INPUT CIRCUIT

Kit 1b,c,d or e

OUTPUT CIRCUIT MOTOR, BELL, SOLENOID, OR

COUNTER CIRCUITKit 1z

CONTROL RedRed

Black Black

Red

Yellow

Black

A relay is an electro-magnet which operates a switch. In the relay of this kit two switches are operated at the same time. It is a double pole double throw (DPDT) relay. Each set of contacts can be used to turn a circuit on or off at the same time. The diode is needed to prevent back e.m.f. generated in the relay coil from damaging the transistor of the control circuit.

COIL COIL

COMMON 2COMMON 1

N/C 2N/C 1

N/O 2N/O 1

RELAY CONNECTIONS

Cut cleanly through all copper tracksunder board using knife, saw or stripboard cutter

Optional connections for latching circuit.

Only use this kit to switch a maximum of 24 volt d.c.

COIL

SIR-KIT ELECTRONICS

The Sir-Kit system

Designed for pupils studying GCSE physics, technology, and electronics or for people new to electronics as a

hobby.

The modular system of series one makes it simple to learn circuit design, and also facilitates fault finding by

substitution of alternative modules.

Series two kits are more complex electronic kits and each one is a complete circuit in its own right, but can

also be used to extend the modular system of series one.

To build a working circuit from series one modules you will need an INPUT module, a PROCESS (or CONTROL)

module and an OUTPUT module as a minimum.

Combine them in groups of three or more to make over 100 circuit variations. The addition of series two kits

extends this still further.

SIR-KIT ELECTRONICS 1 kits.pdf · circuit if connected after kit 1c. Kit 1z can be used to operate a bell or a motor.This circuit cou ld be used to count people breaking a beam of

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