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Siobhán O’Brien, Adela Luján & Angus Buckling College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, UK Cooperative heavy-metal detoxification by P. aeruginosa
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Siobhán O’Brien, Adela Luján & Angus Buckling College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, UK Email: [email protected].

Dec 15, 2015

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Page 1: Siobhán O’Brien, Adela Luján & Angus Buckling College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, UK Email: s.obrien@exeter.ac.uk.

Siobhán O’Brien, Adela Luján & Angus BucklingCollege of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, UK

Email: [email protected]

 

Cooperative heavy-metal detoxification by P.

aeruginosa

Page 2: Siobhán O’Brien, Adela Luján & Angus Buckling College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, UK Email: s.obrien@exeter.ac.uk.

[email protected]  Microbial communities- Cambridge 28 October 2014

Page 3: Siobhán O’Brien, Adela Luján & Angus Buckling College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, UK Email: s.obrien@exeter.ac.uk.

Braud et al. 2010. Environ Microbiol. 2: 419 – 425West SA & Buckling A. 2003 Proc.R.Soc.Lond.B 270:37 – 44.Griffin AS et al. Nature. 430 :1024 – 1027West SA et al 2007 Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol.Syst.38:53 – 77

Fe2+

Siderophore production: A model system for studying cooperation

[email protected]  Microbial communities- Cambridge 28 October 2014

Page 4: Siobhán O’Brien, Adela Luján & Angus Buckling College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, UK Email: s.obrien@exeter.ac.uk.

Our Questions

Part 1  Part 3  Part 2 

[email protected]  Microbial communities- Cambridge 28 October 2014

Page 5: Siobhán O’Brien, Adela Luján & Angus Buckling College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, UK Email: s.obrien@exeter.ac.uk.

There is a benefit to the recipientDo cooperators outcompete cheats 

when grown alone? 

The behaviour itself is costlyDo cheats outcompete cooperators   

 in competition? 

How do we determine if a behaviour is altruistic?

WTWT

WTWT

WT

WT

Ch

WT

WT

ChCh

ChCh

Ch

[email protected]  Microbial communities- Cambridge 28 October 2014

Page 6: Siobhán O’Brien, Adela Luján & Angus Buckling College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, UK Email: s.obrien@exeter.ac.uk.

ChWt 1:1

Copper Sulfate

CooperatorCheat

(X12)6mM CuSO4

1. Is heavy metal detoxification by siderophores a cooperative trait?

Strains:Wt: PAO1Ch:PAO1ΔPvdΔPc

h

[email protected]  Microbial communities- Cambridge 28 October 2014

Page 7: Siobhán O’Brien, Adela Luján & Angus Buckling College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, UK Email: s.obrien@exeter.ac.uk.

1. Is heavy metal detoxification by siderophores a cooperative trait?

Cheat relative fitness ~ metal treatment: conditions: F1,89 =207.89, p < 0.001)  

1. Do cooperators do better than cheats when grown alone in toxic environments? ✔

1. Do cheats outcompete cooperators in competition in toxic environments? ✔

O’Brien, Hodgson & Buckling. Social Evolution of toxic Metal Bioremediation in P. aeruginosa. 2014.Proc.R.Soc.Lond.B 281(1787) 

[email protected]  Microbial communities- Cambridge 28 October 2014

Page 8: Siobhán O’Brien, Adela Luján & Angus Buckling College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, UK Email: s.obrien@exeter.ac.uk.

Experimental evolution (approx. 105 generations)WTWT

Copper IronX12

Frequency of cheats Total siderophore (pyoverdine) production

1. Is heavy metal detoxification by siderophores a cooperative trait?

[email protected]  Microbial communities- Cambridge 28 October 2014

Page 9: Siobhán O’Brien, Adela Luján & Angus Buckling College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, UK Email: s.obrien@exeter.ac.uk.

***

***

1. Is heavy metal detoxification by siderophores a cooperative trait?

Conclusion:

Copper detoxification is a social trait that actively selects for the evolution of social “cheats”. 

Conclusion:

Copper detoxification is a social trait that actively selects for the evolution of social “cheats”. 

O’Brien, Hodgson & Buckling. Social Evolution of toxic Metal Bioremediation in P. aeruginosa. 2014.Proc.R.Soc.Lond.B 281(1787) 

[email protected]  Microbial communities- Cambridge 28 October 2014

Page 10: Siobhán O’Brien, Adela Luján & Angus Buckling College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, UK Email: s.obrien@exeter.ac.uk.

Our Questions

Part 1  Part 3 Part 2 

[email protected]  Microbial communities- Cambridge 28 October 2014

Page 11: Siobhán O’Brien, Adela Luján & Angus Buckling College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, UK Email: s.obrien@exeter.ac.uk.

[email protected]  Microbial communities- Cambridge 28 October 2014

How is cheat fitness affected by the presence of the soil microbial community?

Cheat (species 2)

Cooperator (species 1)

Page 12: Siobhán O’Brien, Adela Luján & Angus Buckling College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, UK Email: s.obrien@exeter.ac.uk.

How is cheat fitness affected by the presence of the soil microbial community?

[email protected]  Microbial communities- Cambridge 28 October 2014

Page 13: Siobhán O’Brien, Adela Luján & Angus Buckling College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, UK Email: s.obrien@exeter.ac.uk.

(cheat fitness~ copper*community, p=0.03). Error bars represent +/-SE

(cheat fitness~ copper, p=0.01). Error bars represent +/-SE

Monoculture  Co-culture 

Cheat relati

ve fitness (w)

Cheat relati

ve fitness (w)

How is cheat fitness affected by the presence of the soil microbial community?

[email protected]  Microbial communities- Cambridge 28 October 2014

-Comm.      + Comm.     - Comm.     + Comm.       

-Comm.      + Comm.     - Comm.     + Comm.       

+Cu +Cu +Cu +Cu

Page 14: Siobhán O’Brien, Adela Luján & Angus Buckling College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, UK Email: s.obrien@exeter.ac.uk.

Summary•Heavy metal detoxification by bacterial siderophores is a cooperative behaviour, that selects for rapid evolution of social ‘cheats’

•In toxic copper soil, cheat fitness is increased in the presence of the community, but in monoculture conditions only. 

•Cheats cannot ‘invade’ populations of cooperators in soil as they can in synthetic media. 

[email protected]  Microbial communities- Cambridge 28 October 2014

Page 15: Siobhán O’Brien, Adela Luján & Angus Buckling College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, UK Email: s.obrien@exeter.ac.uk.

Thanks for listening!

• Angus Buckling• Dave Hodgson• Adela Luján• Florian Bayer• Elze Hesse• Eleanor Van Veen 

[email protected]  Microbial communities- Cambridge 28 October 2014

Page 16: Siobhán O’Brien, Adela Luján & Angus Buckling College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, UK Email: s.obrien@exeter.ac.uk.
Page 17: Siobhán O’Brien, Adela Luján & Angus Buckling College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, UK Email: s.obrien@exeter.ac.uk.
Page 18: Siobhán O’Brien, Adela Luján & Angus Buckling College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, UK Email: s.obrien@exeter.ac.uk.

Cu2+

Cu2+

Cu2+

Cu2+

Cu2+Cu2+

Cu2+

Cu2+

Cu2+ Cu2+

Cheat

Cheat (species 2)

Cooperator

How is cheat fitness affected by the presence of the soil microbial community?

[email protected]  Microbial communities- Cambridge 28 October 2014

Page 19: Siobhán O’Brien, Adela Luján & Angus Buckling College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, UK Email: s.obrien@exeter.ac.uk.

(cheat fitness~ copper*community, p=0.03). Error bars represent +/-SE

(cheat fitness~ copper, p=0.01). Error bars represent +/-SE

Monoculture  Co-culture 

Iron-limited Toxic copper

- community <1*** <1***

+ community =1 =1

Iron-limited Toxic copper

- community <1* =1

+ community =1 =1

Cheat relati

ve fitness (w)

Cheat relati

ve fitness (w)

How is cheat fitness affected by the presence of the soil microbial community?

Page 20: Siobhán O’Brien, Adela Luján & Angus Buckling College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, UK Email: s.obrien@exeter.ac.uk.

Mineral/proteinFe3+Fe3+

Fe3+Fe3+

transportation

Fe2+Fe2+

Siderophore production: A model system for studying cooperation

Fe3+Fe3+

siderophore producer

Fe2+Fe2+

West SA, Buckling A. 2003 Cooperation, virulence and siderophore production in bacterial parasites. Proc.R.Soc.Lond.B 270:37 – 44.Griffin AS, West SA, Buckling A. 2004 Cooperation and competition in pathogenic bacteria. Nature. 430 :1024 – 1027West SA, Diggle SP, Buckling A, Gardner A, Griffin AS. 2007 The social lives of microbes. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol.Syst.38:53 – 77.

[email protected]  Microbial communities- Cambridge 28 October 2014

Page 21: Siobhán O’Brien, Adela Luján & Angus Buckling College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, UK Email: s.obrien@exeter.ac.uk.

Cu2+

Cu2+

Cu2+

Cu2+Cu2+

Cu2+

Cu2+

Cu2+Cu2+

Cu2+

Siderophores bind other heavy metals too…

…but don’t take them into the cell

siderophore producer

Braud A, Geoffroy V, Hoegy F, Mislin GLA, Schalk IJ. 2010 Presence of the siderophores pyoverdine and pyochelin in the extracellular medium reduces toxic metal accumulation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and increases bacterial metal tolerance. Environ Microbiol. 2: 419 – 425

[email protected]  Microbial communities- Cambridge 28 October 2014