Sintering Forces Acting among Particles during Sintering by Grain Boundary/Surface Diffusion

1 Sintering Forces Acting among Particles during Sintering by Grain Boundary/Surface Diffusion Fumihiro Wakai 1 , Olivier Guillon 2 , Gaku Okuma 1 , Norimasa Nishiyama 1 1 Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R3-23 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan 2 Institute of Energy and Climate Research IEK-1: Materials Synthesis and Processing. Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany Abstract The microstructural evolution during sintering involves the formation and pinch-off of pore channels. The sintering of three particles in three dimensions is a simple model for studying the pinch-off of a pore channel. We simulate the solid-state sintering of three particles by using Brakke’s Surface Evolver program, which incorporates coupled grain boundary diffusion and surface diffusion. The pinch-off of pore channel divides the sintering process into two stages; the initial stage and the later stage. The contact area has a non-circular shape bounded by both surface triple junction and triple junction in the later stage. A general method is presented to determine the sintering force acting on the non-circular contact. The mechanical approach of densification, where the relative motion of particles is driven by both sintering force and applied force, is applicable not only for the initial stage, but also for the later stage. Keywords: Sintering; Simulation; Micromechanical Modeling * Corresponding author. Tel.: +81-45-924-5361; fax: +81-45-924-5390. E-mail address: [email protected] (F. Wakai)

Sintering Forces Acting among Particles during Sintering by Grain Boundary/Surface Diffusion

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sintering

simulation

micromechanical modeling