Single Point Mooring Operations-Maintenance-Manual

Member of the Royal Lankhorst Euronete Group

www.lankhorstropes.com

Single Point MooringSPM Operating &Maintenance Manual

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OFFSHOREDIVISION

RuaComendadorFranciscoAlvesQuintasPOBox26,4490489PvoadeVarzim,Portugal

Tel:+351252690800Fax:+351252690801

Email:[email protected]

OffspringInternationalLtdUnit8,CastleCourt2,CastlegateWay,Dudley,WestMidlandsDY14RH.UKTel:+441384453880/Fax:+441384453888Email:[email protected]/Web:www.offspringinternational.com

WorldwideSales AgentsforDeepWaterMooringandSinglePointMooring

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SPMHawserOperatingandMaintenanceManual

TableofContents

1. Introduction2. MaintenanceGuidelines3. OperatingGuidelines4. RecommendedSpareParts5. RecordKeeping

Appendices I Pre&PostBerthingCheckList II OperatingMooringDataSheet III MooringRopesPerformanceData IV MooringComponentsPerformanceData V OverallSPMPerformanceDataReferences

1. MooringEquipmentGuidelines,3rdEdition[MEG3]2. OCIMFRecommendationsforEquipmentEmployedintheBowMooringofConventional

TankersatSinglePointMoorings,4thEdition2007.3. OCIMFSinglePointMooringMaintenanceandOperationsGuide,2ndEdition1995.

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1. Introduction

Theseguidelinesareheavily influencedbytheOCIMFGuidelinesspecified inthereferencesection.TheinformationsetoutinthisdocumentisofageneralnatureintendedtoprovideguidancetoallSPMoperators.Environmentalandoperatingconditionsvaryfromterminaltoterminal and it is the responsibility of each terminal to develop their own safe workingpractices.LankhorstRopesOffshoreDivisionwarrantthatallproductsleavingthefactoryarefree of defects due to material or workmanship, but can have no control over how theproductsarehandledafterleavingthefactory.

2. MaintenanceGuidelines

Optimum rope performance and extended life can be achieved, if operators observe anddevelop theirown inspection,handlingandmaintenanceprocedurescompatiblewith localenvironmental and operational conditions. Routine updating and review of maintenanceprocedures will enable operators to predict life expectancy of their hawsers within theparameters of the use forwhich theywere first selected. Thiswill allow a hawser to beretiredonascheduledbasisprovidedthatconditionsofusageremainunchanged.AbrasionAsignificantnumberofSPMhawserproblemsarecausedbycuttingandabrasion.Veryoftenthe damage can occur during unboxing, loading on supply vessels, or during actualdeployment.Italsohappensfrequentlywhenthereisnotevenavesselattheberthandtherope isfloatingfreely inthewateror is inasecuredpositiontotheoffshore loadingtower.Damageariseswhenthehawserisincontactwithanysharpedgesonthemooringbuoyorloadingtowerthemselves,orfromsuchcommonthingsasladders,chainsonsupportbuoys,hoseflangesonoil loadinghoses,hosehandlingwiresandindeedendterminationsonthehawser itself.A loosethimblecanabradearope, ifthewavemotionconstantlymovestherope in the thimble when the hawser is not under tension during a mooring operation.Poorlydesignedor inferiorqualitythimblesmayhaveroughsurfacesorsharpedgeswhichwillalsocutthesurfacefibresorstrandsoftherope.MarineGrowthandOilContaminationMarinegrowthwillnotdegradeorphysicallydamagethehawsereven ifheavilyencrusted.This has been verified by tests on ropes deployed at buoy moorings for several years.Howeverthegrowthwilladdweightandcouldcauseflexfatiguefailureoftheropefibresorindeed the rope system toultimately sink. Similarlyduring aperiodof inactivity, aheavyconcentrationofoil scum in the surrounding seawatercould lead tocontaminationof thehawser, which in high ambient temperatures, can become baked hard onto the hawsersurface.Thismayconsequentlycontributetolocalisedstiffeningandflexfatiguedamagetothehawser.

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GeneralMaintenanceLittlemaintenancecanbecarriedout to the ropehawser itself.Largeusedhawsers rarelycan be repaired, although some systems are returned to the factoryon occasions for resplicing. All will have a reduced residual strength and after resplicing will inevitably beshorter in length. Theancillarycomponentssuchaschain,shacklesandbuoysareusuallyreplacedatadifferenttimescaleintervaltotheropehawseritself.PreventativeMaintenanceAlwaysusespecialcarewhenstoring,unpacking,handlingandinstallinganewhawser.Newhawsersaremore susceptible todamage,on landoron service vessels thanwhen in thewater.StoringRopes should preferably be stored in their kraft paper or polythene lined packing caseassuming they arrive in good condition, and internally are still clean and dry. The casesshouldbestoredundercoveroutofdirectsunlightandawayfromextremetemperatures.UnpackingWhenunpacking from the cratealwaysuse the lifting slingprovidedanddonotdrag thehawserover roughground.Dirtandgritpickedupby the rope canwork into the strandscuttingtheinsidefibresduringcyclicloading.PostInstallation/Operationa) Maintainahawserservicehistoryincludinganyunusualheavyweatherconditions.b) Leavetheberthiftheweatherdeterioratestoapointwherethehawsermaybeover

loaded.c) Endeavourtopreventthetankerrunningupontothebuoythehawsermaybecome

trappedbetweenthetankerhull,hoseorbuoy,wherewaveactioncancausedamage.d) Educatesupportvesseloperatorstostayclearandavoidrunningoverthehawser.e) KeeptheSPMinstallationfreeofanyprotrusionsthatmaychafethehawser.f) Inspectthevisibleportionofthemooringsystematthetankerendduringeachmooring.

Notemissinghawserfloatswherefitted.g) Removerthehawsertostorageduringlongidleperiodswhentankersarenotonstation.InspectionAnymaintenanceprocedurehastoincludeperiodicvisualexaminations,todetermineropescurrentconditionandestimatedremaininglifetime.a) Inspectforexteriordamage,alongtheentirelengthbutinparticular,aroundsplices,eyes

andthimbles.

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b) Implementscheduledinspectionsoftheentirehawsersystem,usingservicelaunchor

divers.c) Checkbuoysupportchainandtheconnectionpointunderthebuoy.d) Isthechainsupportbuoyfloatingatthecorrectlevel?Damagewillcausethebuoyto

ridelowerinthewater.e) Examinechafechainsforwearmeasurechainlinkdiameterattheinterlinkbearing

point.Chainshouldbereplacedifdiameterisreducedbymorethan10%oforiginal.f) Surveyfloatsforpossibledamage,replacemissingfloatsanddamagedlacings.ResidualStrengthInspectionItisvirtuallyimpossibletovisuallydeterminetheresidualstrengthofausedhawser.Ropeswithoutobviousexternaldamage,mayhavebeenweakenedby longexposure inthewateror overloading. This cannot be determined by visual inspection but some typical damagesignsindicatingoverloadorflexfatigueare:a) Averyhardrope,wherethestrandsarenearlyimpossibletopriseopen.b) Ahardropethatisoversizedevenwhenunderslighttensionof500kgto1000kg.c) Theropecircumferenceis20%to25%greaterthanwhatwasobservedwhennew.d) Afuzzyorpowderyresidue isevidentbetweenthestrandsofaLankhorstDoubleBraid

rope,oran8strandSquarelinerope.WithLankhorstGAMA98parallelstrandcircularbraided ropes,a slight residuebetween the coverand cores isquitenormal. If severefluffingorpowdering isevident,particularlybetweencore strands, then thiswouldbeevidenceofflexfatigueortensileoverload.

e) Fraying,fusedorloosestrandsinthecrotchofaneyesplice.

Never proof test a used fibre rope above its recognised SWL. Tests at any load do notguarantee that a further loading, to the same level,wouldnotbreak the rope.An actualbreaktestofausedhawseranalysedagainsttheservicehistoryofthehawser isthemostexpedientwaytopredictfutureperformanceofsimilarhawsersonthesamebuoy.RetirementCriteriaAlmosteverySPMlocationisdifferent,sowecannotgiveasingleruleforretirementofthehawser.A large number of hawsers last at least sixmonths ormore, except in themostsevere environments. In calm weather areas and sheltered water locations, ropes aresometimesleftinserviceforuptotwoyears.

Many operators use the number of tanker berthings to determine retirement standards,whileothersusethenumberofhourstheberthwasactuallyoccupiedandsomemonitorthenumberofloadingsaboveacertainloadlevel.

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Inanyevent,syntheticfibreropehawsersgraduallyloosestrength.Evenfloatinginseawaterunder zero tension,but subject to the influenceofwindandwavemotion,manyhawsersexperiencedamage,withrapidreductionofstrength.

It is impossibleforthehawsermanufacturertoprovidespecificrecommendations andtheoperatormustthereforedevelophisownproceduresbasedonhisexperienceofthelocationandproduct.LankhorstRopesTechnicalDepartmentDuetothewiderangeofropessupplied forSinglePointMooringsystems,ropecondition,andexposuretoseveral factorsaffectingropebehaviourandthedegreeofriskto lifeandtheenvironment, it is impossible tocoverallaspectsofmaintenance likely toarise in thisdocument.ThefacilitiesofourTechnicalDepartmentareavailabletocustomersinallcaseswhereanyriskisinvolvedorthereisaquestionaboutuseormaintenance.

3. OperatingGuidelines

At an SPMor FSO/FPSOmooring, the shuttle tankerbow is secured to thebuoyor FPSOusinga specially suppliedmooring system.Thiswillgenerally consistofeitheroneor twospecialmooringlineswithchafechainsattachedtotheendofeachhawser.Thechainspassthroughtheshipsfairleadsandareconnectedonboardtospeciallydesignedchainstoppersorbrackets locatedonthefocsleforthispurpose.Thechain istypicallymanufacturedfrom76mmdiameterlinkswithamaximumsafeworkingloadof250tonnes,dependantuponthegradeofsteelused.

Thechainsandhawsersaresupportedinthewaterbyachainsupportbuoy,andattachedtothefreeendofthechain(sometimesviaashort lengthofwire) isafloatingpolypropylenepickuprope,generally80mmindiameterandapproximately150metreslong.

As the shuttle tanker startsherapproach to thebuoyorFSO,amessenger line shouldbemadereadyonthefocslerunningthroughoneofthebowfairleads.Thismessengershouldpass through the chain stopperbefore going to awinch. If at allpossible, themessengershouldbesecuredaroundawinchdrumsothatthewholeoperationcanbecarriedoutonaHandsOffbasis.

Themooringoperationshouldusuallybesupervisedbyapilotstationedonthebowoftheshuttle tanker.Heshouldbeaccompaniedbya responsibleofficerwhoshouldbe in radiocontactwiththebridge,passingonthepilotsinstructions.

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Inordertoavoiddamagetosubmarinepipelinesandanchorchains,theshipsanchorshouldnotbedroppedexceptinanextremeemergency.

WhenthetankerisclosetotheSBMorFSO,themessengershouldbeloweredtoamooringlaunchforconnectiontothepickuprope.Whenthelaunchisclearofthesystemshouldbestartedtobewinched in.Thepickupropeshouldbefullyretrieveduntilthechafechain(s)passesthroughthefairleadandreachestherequiredposition.

Careshouldbetakenwhenwinchinginthepickupropeandchafechaintoensurethatthereisalwayssomeslackinthemooringassembly.Itcanbeverydangeroustothemooringcrewiftheassemblybecomestightbeforetheconnectioniscompleted,andthetankershouldbecarefullymanoeuvredtoensurethatthisdoesnotoccur.

THEPICKUPROPEMUSTNEVERBEUSEDTOHEAVETHESHIPINTOPOSITIONORTO

MAINTAINITSPOSITION.Once thechafechain is inposition itshouldbesecured to thechainstopperasquicklyaspossible.

OncethechainisconnectedandsecuredthepickupropeshouldbeslowlywalkedbackuntilallweightistransferredtothechainstopperorSmitbracket.

Tenderingof themoorings isnotalways required,howeveranexperienced crewmembershouldbepostedforwardatalltimestoobservethemooringsandtheSBMorFSOandtoadviseiftheshuttletankerstartstorideupontheSBMorFSOorstartstoyawexcessively.

Whenunmooring, the chains shouldbewalkedback into thewaterand thepickup ropeshouldbeslowlypaidoutthroughthefairleads.

ItisrecommendedwhenmooringtoanSBMorFSOtoalwayshaveafewitemsofessentialequipmentsuchasalargeaxe,sledgehammer,andcrowbarreadilyavailabletothecrew.

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4. RecommendedSpareParts

A sufficient quantity of spare parts should be available to ensure reliable uninterruptedoperationoftheSPM.

The following recommendations for the quantities of spare parts to be kept in stock arebasedonafacilityconsistingofasingleSPM.IfthefacilityconsistsofmorethanoneSPMafullsparesbackupwillnotberequiredforeachSPM.

Exceptwherelimitedshelflifedictatesotherwise,morethan100%backupmayberequiredwhenbothleadtimesandusagearetakenintoaccount.

Description Recommended SparesQty Mooringhawsers 200% Chainsupportbuoys,shacklepins,thimbles&link 100% Chafingchains(buoysideandtankerside) 200% Hawserfloats 100% Messenger/Pickuplines 200% Markerbuoys 100%

5. RecordKeeping

The schedules necessary for regular maintenance, servicing and replacement of thecomponentsofaSPM canonlybeestablishedwithexperience.The conditionof individualcomponents will depend upon specific design parameters, operating history andenvironmental factorsandwilldiffer for each SPM.Amajor requirement therefore is thatdetailedrecordsarekeptofeachitemofequipmentinserviceorinsparestock.

RecordContentRecordsshouldinclude: Basicdatadimensionsandstrength. Datesreceived,datesinserviceandreasonforretirement. Theexactlocationoftheitemofequipmentwithinthesystem. Detailsofwearobservedduringinspections. Detailsofsubsequenttests,maintenanceorrepairs.

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Such records will be of invaluable assistance and are essential for ensuring efficientmaintenance.

Observationsmade,andrecordskept,duringtheearlymonthsofoperatinganewSPMareof particular importance as these will give the first and earliest indication of thedeterioration tobeexpected,particularly for componentswhich requiremore frequentreplacement.

IndividualcomponentsoftheSPMshouldbecoveredbyrecordstoadegreethatwillensurethey receive sufficient attention as required by their function in the system and thedegreeofwearobserved.Inthisway,theriskofbreakdownandunscheduledrepairworkwillbesubstantiallyreduced.

TypicalAreastobeCoveredbytheRecordSystemPreandPostMooringChecksEachtimeavesselberthsataSPMageneral inspectionshouldbemadeofall equipmentandmaterialswhich arewithin easy reach at that time.Any smalldefects shouldbemadegoodattheearliestopportunitysoastopreventfurtherdeterioration.Achecklist should be completed by theberthingmasterbothbefore andafterberthing.AsampleofaPreandPostBerthingCheckListisinAppendixI.

OperatingMooringDataTherelevantsectionsoftheOperatingMooringDatasheetshouldbefilledineveryhouraship is on the mooring, and if possible every four hours at other times. In weatherconditionsthatarechangingrapidly,thefrequencyofobservationsshouldbeincreasedsothatareconstructionofthebroadpatterncanbecarriedoutfromtherecordeddata.

In cases where instruments are not available for recording certain weather criteria, bestestimatesshouldbemadeandtheletterEinsertedaftertheobservationtodrawattentiontothefactthat itwasestimated.AsampleofanOperatingMooringDataSheet isgiven inAppendixII.

EquipmentPerformance

Asstatedpreviously,eachitemofequipmentshouldbecoveredbytherecordsystemso that its condition can be monitored and any rapid deterioration quicklyidentified. Moreover, inspection and maintenance schedules can be modified, asnecessary,inthelightofexperiencegained.Majoritemsforwhichspecimenrecordorperformancesheetsaregivenareasfollows,andsamplesofrecordsheetsaregiveinAppendixIIIIV.

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MooringHawsersTorecordtheoperatinghistoryandperformanceofmooringropesbasedonthenumberanddurationofberthing.Othermooring assembly components such as chafing chains, triangular plates, chainsandshackles.Similartothoseformooringhawsers.OverallSPMPerformanceInaddition to records for individualcomponents, recordsofberthoccupancy, throughputanddowntimewill, ifmaintainedoveraperiodof time, give a valuable indication ofoverallterminalperformance.Therequireddatashouldbeenteredeveryday.Monthlyandyearly cumulative figures expressed as total times and percentages will indicateperformanceandutilisationtrends.AsampleofanOverallSPMPerformanceDataSheetisgiveninAppendixV.

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AppendixI

PreandPostBerthingChecklist

SPMRecord

BerthInspectionData

SPMLocation Date

PreBerthCheck:

SPMCheck: PostDepartureCheck:

SATISFACTORY SATISFACTORYYES NO HawserAssembly YES NOYES NO ChafingChain YES NO YES NO SupportBuoys YES NO YES NO Shackles YES NO YES NO Messenger/PickupRopes YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO

ActionRequired:

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AppendixIIOPERATINGMOORINGDATASHEET

Vessel:

HourlyInformationSheetDateofBerthing: Date Time H.W. L.W. Name Cabin Tel.

H.W. Pilot

TimeHighWater: L.W. Insp.

H.W. Insp.

Range:mts L.W. B.M.

H.W. TugF.

TugA.

Time Rate/Hr Total ToGo B.P.PSI

TempDegC

DraftFwd/Aft

MooringAngle/Wt

ShipsHead

Current Wind Remarks

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AppendixIII

MooringRopesPerformanceData

SPMRecordSheet:

MooringRopesPerformanceData

SPMLocation:

Date:

Position Individual Port StarboardManufacturer Identification Construction PurchaseDetails Size Length Type Received Installed Removed ShipsBerthed TimeinUse TimeinPosition ReasonforRemoval Telemetry Information CyclicLoading History DamageReport:FailureReport:Guidelines:Damage:BrokenYarns/Strands,Fusion,ExternalWear,Thimble,OtherFailure:Damage,HighLoad,Incident,Weather,Other

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AppendixIVMOORINGCOMPONENTSPERFORMANCEDATA

SPMRecordSheet: MooringComponentsPerformanceDataSPMLocation: Date:Components Manufacture OCIMF

Parts/SizeReceived Installed Removed Ships

BerthedTimeInUse

TimeInPosition

ReasonforRemoval

BuoySide: P S P S P S P S P S P S P S P S P SChain Triangle Shackle Shackle Shackle Shackle Damage:Failure:Wear downReport:ShipSide P S P S P S P S P S P S P S P S P SPickupRope Triangle Shackle Shackle Shackle Shackle Triangle Triangle PearLink SupportBuoy Damage:Failure:Wear downReport:

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AppendixV

OverallSPMPerformanceData

SPMRecordSheet:

OverallSPMPerformanceData

SPMLocation:

Date:

Date Wind Wave Current SuitableFor

BuoyInoperableDueDefect/Maintenance

BuoyInoperableDuetoWeather

BuoyOccupancy

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

TotalDowntimeOvertheMonthinHours: PercentageDowntimeOverMonth: TotalDowntimeOvertheYearinHours: PercentageDowntimeOverYear:

Member of the Royal Lankhorst Euronete Group

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LANKHORST ROPES Offshore Division

Rua Comendador Francisco Alves QuintasPO Box 26, 4490-489 Pvoa de VarzimPortugal

Tel: +351 252 690 800Fax: +351 252 690 801E-mail: [email protected]

Worldwide sales agents for Single Point Moorings and Deep Water Moorings

OFFSPRING INTERNATIONAL LTD

Unit 8, Castle Court 2Castlegate WayDudley, West Midlands, DY1 4RHUnited Kingdom

Tel: +44 1384 453880Fax: +44 1384 453888E-mail: [email protected]

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