Volume 3 • Issue 6 • 1000e115 J Drug Metab Toxicol ISSN: 2157-7609 JDMT, an open access journal Research Article Open Access Singh et al., J Drug Metab Toxicol 2012, 3:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7609.1000e115 Editorial Open Access Drug Metabolism & Toxicology *Corresponding authors: Sunit Kumar Mukhopadhayay, Department of Veterinary Pathology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 037, India, E-mail: [email protected] Subha Ganguly, AICRP-PHT (ICAR), Department of Fish Processing Technology, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 094, India, E-mail: [email protected] Received November 08, 2012; Accepted November 12, 2012; Published November 15, 2012 Citation: Singh TB, Mukhopadhayay SK, Sar TK, Ganguly S (2012) Induced Acetamiprid Toxicity in Mice: A Review. J Drug Metab Toxicol 3:e115. doi:10.4172/2157-7609.1000e115 Copyright: © 2012 Singh TB, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Summary Acetamiprid induces decrease in body weight and clinical symptoms like respiratory depression, sitting in the corner, diarrhea, depression, dullness etc. in mice at the different dose levels (considering the LD50 value). Test mice administered with acetamiprid show significant decrease in overall hematological profile. Acetamiprid at a particular safe dose level can be considered non-toxic to the experimental animal. Induced Acetamiprid Toxicity in Mice: A Review Tej Bahadur Singh 1 , Sunit Kumar Mukhopadhayay 1 *, Tapas Kumar Sar 2 and Subha Ganguly 3 * 1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 037, India 2 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 037, India 3 AICRP-PHT (ICAR), Department of Fish Processing Technology, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 094, India Keywords: Acetamiprid; LD50 value; Mice Introduction Acetamiprid, a member of the neonicotinoid group of insecticide is highly effective for the controlling aphids, beetles, moth, leaopper, pests on crops and leafy vegetables, along with fleas infesting livestock and pet animals. It is a systemic insecticide with translaminar action which has a contact and stomach action. Moreover, acetamiprid being highly water soluble indicates a high potential for the compound to leach in soil or to run off in surface water. Acetamiprid group of insecticides are the most highly effective and largest selling insecticides worldwide for crop protection [1]. erefore, the relative risks and benefits of this insecticide must be compared to existing pesticide. Although, acetamiprid is highly used in India and abroad but there are still many doubts related to its toxicity and health hazards. Exposure of animals and birds to insecticides for a short duration induces a state of stress leading to decrease in production and behavioral as well as biochemical changes [2]. e continuous use of pesticide imposes hazardous effect on the physiological function of various body systems [3]. Human and animal are exposed to low level of pesticide residues in air, water and food chain. e need for higher agricultural production as one of the prerequisites for improving the population’s standard of living involves the use of various chemicals. Pesticides to prevent losses of cultivated plant, food and feedstuff stress. However, large scale use of pesticides has brought about many problems. In this way thousands of tons of chemical compounds oſten very toxic or with other properties, are in current use. It is in view of paucity of information available on acetamiprid toxicity regarding its biochemical alterations in mice; the present article was constructed to review the extent of induced acetamiprid toxicity at different dose levels and its effect on different physiological parameters. Effects of Toxicity on Physiological Parameters Body weight ere is dose dependent significant decrease in body weight of male mice when treated with acetamiprid [4] and their mixtures with lead acetate and cadmium acetate. Zhang et al. [1] also observed similar effect in male mice treated with acetamiprid. However, in male wister rats treated with imidacloprid reported no effect on body weight in all treated groups [5]. Clinical signs e clinical signs like respiratory depression, profuse salivation, smacking were also observed by Mondal [6] in female rats given orally acetamiprid. e clinical signs observed in the present study were also observed by [5] and Bhardwaj et al. [7] in wistar rats given imidacloprid orally. Hematological studies A significant decrease in total leukocyte count (thousands/ cu.mm) was observed by Mondal et al. [8] in female rats aſter oral administrations of acetamiprid. However, El – Shahawy et al. [4] in male albino mice aſter sublethal doses of acetamiprid, lead acetate, and cadmium acetate observed increase in white blood cells. However Bhardwaj et al. [7] found no changes in WBC aſter oral administrations of imidacloprid at various dose levels for 90 days. Biochemical studies Mondal [6] performed oral administration of acetamiprid to female wister rats; Chakraborty [9] found a significant shiſt in the blood biochemical parameters in acetamiprid oral administration in goat. Zhang et al. [1] confirmed significant increase in activity of serum Alanine transaminase (ALT) of male mice in acetamiprid toxicity. Bhardwaj et al. [7] reported elevation in GPT in imidacloprid toxicity in female rats. e present findings of increase in the value of AST was in agreement with the findings of Bhardwaj et al. [7] in female rats following administration of Imidacloprid and Zhang et al. [1] in male mice following administrations of acetamiprid. Increase in Alkaline phosphatase value was also reported by other workers such as
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Volume 3 • Issue 6 • 1000e115J Drug Metab ToxicolISSN: 2157-7609 JDMT, an open access journal
Research Article Open Access
Singh et al., J Drug Metab Toxicol 2012, 3:6http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7609.1000e115
Editorial Open Access
Drug Metabolism & Toxicology
*Corresponding authors: Sunit Kumar Mukhopadhayay, Department of Veterinary Pathology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 037, India, E-mail: [email protected]
Subha Ganguly, AICRP-PHT (ICAR), Department of Fish Processing Technology, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 094, India, E-mail: [email protected]
Received November 08, 2012; Accepted November 12, 2012; Published November 15, 2012
Citation: Singh TB, Mukhopadhayay SK, Sar TK, Ganguly S (2012) Induced Acetamiprid Toxicity in Mice: A Review. J Drug Metab Toxicol 3:e115. doi:10.4172/2157-7609.1000e115
Copyright: © 2012 Singh TB, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
SummaryAcetamiprid induces decrease in body weight and clinical symptoms like respiratory depression, sitting in the
corner, diarrhea, depression, dullness etc. in mice at the different dose levels (considering the LD50 value). Test mice administered with acetamiprid show significant decrease in overall hematological profile. Acetamiprid at a particular safe dose level can be considered non-toxic to the experimental animal.
Induced Acetamiprid Toxicity in Mice: A ReviewTej Bahadur Singh1, Sunit Kumar Mukhopadhayay1*, Tapas Kumar Sar2 and Subha Ganguly3* 1Department of Veterinary Pathology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 037, India2Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 037, India3AICRP-PHT (ICAR), Department of Fish Processing Technology, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 094, India
Keywords: Acetamiprid; LD50 value; Mice
IntroductionAcetamiprid, a member of the neonicotinoid group of insecticide
is highly effective for the controlling aphids, beetles, moth, leafhopper, pests on crops and leafy vegetables, along with fleas infesting livestock and pet animals. It is a systemic insecticide with translaminar action which has a contact and stomach action. Moreover, acetamiprid being highly water soluble indicates a high potential for the compound to leach in soil or to run off in surface water. Acetamiprid group of insecticides are the most highly effective and largest selling insecticides worldwide for crop protection [1]. Therefore, the relative risks and benefits of this insecticide must be compared to existing pesticide. Although, acetamiprid is highly used in India and abroad but there are still many doubts related to its toxicity and health hazards.
Exposure of animals and birds to insecticides for a short duration induces a state of stress leading to decrease in production and behavioral as well as biochemical changes [2]. The continuous use of pesticide imposes hazardous effect on the physiological function of various body systems [3]. Human and animal are exposed to low level of pesticide residues in air, water and food chain.
The need for higher agricultural production as one of the prerequisites for improving the population’s standard of living involves the use of various chemicals. Pesticides to prevent losses of cultivated plant, food and feedstuff stress. However, large scale use of pesticides has brought about many problems. In this way thousands of tons of chemical compounds often very toxic or with other properties, are in current use.
It is in view of paucity of information available on acetamiprid toxicity regarding its biochemical alterations in mice; the present article was constructed to review the extent of induced acetamiprid toxicity at different dose levels and its effect on different physiological parameters.
Effects of Toxicity on Physiological ParametersBody weight
There is dose dependent significant decrease in body weight of male mice when treated with acetamiprid [4] and their mixtures with lead acetate and cadmium acetate. Zhang et al. [1] also observed similar effect in male mice treated with acetamiprid. However, in male wister rats treated with imidacloprid reported no effect on body weight in all treated groups [5].
Clinical signs
The clinical signs like respiratory depression, profuse salivation, smacking were also observed by Mondal [6] in female rats given orally acetamiprid. The clinical signs observed in the present study were also observed by [5] and Bhardwaj et al. [7] in wistar rats given imidacloprid orally.
Hematological studies
A significant decrease in total leukocyte count (thousands/cu.mm) was observed by Mondal et al. [8] in female rats after oral administrations of acetamiprid. However, El – Shahawy et al. [4] in male albino mice after sublethal doses of acetamiprid, lead acetate, and cadmium acetate observed increase in white blood cells. However Bhardwaj et al. [7] found no changes in WBC after oral administrations of imidacloprid at various dose levels for 90 days.
Biochemical studies
Mondal [6] performed oral administration of acetamiprid to female wister rats; Chakraborty [9] found a significant shift in the blood biochemical parameters in acetamiprid oral administration in goat. Zhang et al. [1] confirmed significant increase in activity of serum Alanine transaminase (ALT) of male mice in acetamiprid toxicity. Bhardwaj et al. [7] reported elevation in GPT in imidacloprid toxicity in female rats. The present findings of increase in the value of AST was in agreement with the findings of Bhardwaj et al. [7] in female rats following administration of Imidacloprid and Zhang et al. [1] in male mice following administrations of acetamiprid. Increase in Alkaline phosphatase value was also reported by other workers such as
Citation: Singh TB, Mukhopadhayay SK, Sar TK, Ganguly S (2012) Induced Acetamiprid Toxicity in Mice: A Review. J Drug Metab Toxicol 3:e115. doi:10.4172/2157-7609.1000e115
Page 2 of 2
Volume 3 • Issue 6 • 1000e115J Drug Metab ToxicolISSN: 2157-7609 JDMT, an open access journal
acetamiprid toxicity in female rats [8], acetamiprid in male mice Zhang et al. [1], dichlorovos in male mice [10]. The increase in ALP usually occured due to its increased synthesis due to damaged liver conditions [11]. Elevated plasma ALP might be due to acute hepatocellular damage and destruction of epithelial cells in gastrointestinal tracts [12].
References
1. Zhang JJ, Wang Y, Xiang H, Xue M, Li WH, et al. (2010) Oxidative stress: Role in acetamiprid induced impairment of the male mice reproductive system. Agricultural Sciences in China 10: 786-796.
2. Varshneya C, Bagha HS, Sharma LD (1986) Toxicological evaluation of dietary lindane in cockerels. Indian J Poult Sci 21: 312-315.
3. Chouhan RS, Mahipal SK (1994) Immunotoxicity of pesticides in poultry. Advances in veterinary research and their impact on animal health and production. IAAVR Bareily, India 17-24.
4. El - Shahawy, Fikry I, Deifalla, Al-Rajhi H, Mostafa M (1999) Haematological, physiological responses and function in the male exposed to acetamiprid, lead, cadmium and their mixtures. Alex J Pharma Sci 13: 125-129.
5. Mohamed F, Gawarammana I, Robertson TA, Roberts MS, Palangasinghe C, et al. (2009) Acute Human Self-Poisoning with Imidacloprid Compound: A Neonicotinoid Insecticide. PLoS ONE 4: e5127.
6. Mondal S (2007) Studies on the toxicopathology of acetamiprid in rats. M.V.Sc Thesis submitted to College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalya, Durg, India.
7. Bhardwaj S, Srivastava MK, Kapoor U, Srivastava LP (2010) A 90 days oral toxicity of Imidacloprid in female Rats: Morphological, biochemical, and histopathological evaluations. Food Chem Toxicol 48: 1185-1190.
8. Mondal S, Ghosh RC, Mate MS, Karmakar DB (2009) Effects of acetamiprid on immune System in female rats. Proc Zool Soc 62: 109-117.
9. Chakraborty A (2007) Deposition Kinetics and long term effect of acetamiprid (Insecticide) after oral administration in Black Bengal Goats. M.V.Sc Thesis submitted to West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India.
10. Gautam V, Shrivastava VK (2006) Dichlorovos induced changes in enzyme activities in testis and adrenal glands of male Mus muculus. Asian J of Bio Sci 1: 24-25.
11. Seetharam S, Sussman NL, Komoda T, Alpers DH (1986) The mechanism of elevated alkaline phosphatase activity after duct ligation in rats. Hepatology 6: 374-380.
12. Zimmerman HJ (1969) Serum enzymes determination as an aid to diagnosis. In: Clinical diagnosis by Laboratory methods. Davidson I and Henry J B (eds.), W B Saunders Co., Philadelphia. 719.
Submit your next manuscript and get advantages of OMICS Group submissionsUnique features:
• Userfriendly/feasiblewebsite-translationofyourpaperto50world’sleadinglanguages• AudioVersionofpublishedpaper• Digitalarticlestoshareandexplore
Special features:
• 200OpenAccessJournals• 15,000editorialteam• 21daysrapidreviewprocess• Qualityandquickeditorial,reviewandpublicationprocessing• IndexingatPubMed(partial),Scopus,DOAJ,EBSCO,IndexCopernicusandGoogleScholaretc• SharingOption:SocialNetworkingEnabled• Authors,ReviewersandEditorsrewardedwithonlineScientificCredits• Betterdiscountforyoursubsequentarticles
Submityourmanuscriptat:http://www.editorialmanager.com/pharma
Related Documents
