Singapore Labour Market 2010

8/7/2019 Singapore Labour Market 2010

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LABOUR MARKET

2010


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Manpower Research and Statistics Department

MISSION

To provide timely and reliable

national statistical information on the labour market

to facilitate informed decision-making within the government and community-at-large


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Labour Market, 2010

Contents

Page

NOTATIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS vi

HIGHLIGHTS vii

LABOUR MARKET, 2010 1

Overview 1

Employment 1

Unemployment 7Redundancy 13

Re-employment 18

Job Vacancy 20

Labour Turnover 22

Hours Worked 24

Earnings and Productivity 25


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Labour Market, 2010

Contents(continued)

Page

RE-EMPLOYMENT

5.1 Proportion of Residents Made Redundant Who Are Re-employed Within 6

Months after Redundancy by Gender, Age, Educational Attainment and

Occupational Group Prior to Redundancy A10

5.2 Proportion of Residents Retrenched Who Are Re-employed Within 6 Months

after Retrenchment by Gender, Age, Educational Attainment and Occupational

Group Prior to Retrenchment A11

JOB VACANCY

6.1 Job Vacancies by Industry and Occupational Group A12

6.2 Job Vacancy Rate by Industry and Occupational Group A13

6.3 Job Vacancies and Job Vacancy Rate by Industry and Occupational Group A14

LABOUR TURNOVER


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Labour Market, 2010

Notations

- : nil or negligible

Q : Quarter

M : March

J : June

S : September

D : December

n.a. : not applicable/not available

No. : NumberP

: Preliminary

s.a. : seasonally adjusted

Abbreviations

CPF : Central Provident Fund

CPI : Consumer Price Index


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Labour Market Report, 2010

Highlights

Supported by hirings for the year-end festivities, employment growth strengthened in

the fourth quarter of 2010 (33,900), after easing in the preceding two quarters (third

quarter: 20,500 and second quarter: 24,900) from the initial strong gains in the first

quarter of 2010 (36,500) and the fourth quarter of 2009 (37,500). For the whole of

2010, total employment growth was 115,900 or 3.9%, far exceeding the 37,600 or1.3% in 2009.

Unemployment remained low during 2010, after declining sharply in December 2009

from the recession high in September 2009. Over the quarter, the overall

unemployment rate rose slightly to a seasonally adjusted 2.2% in December 2010

from 2.1% in September 2010. Among the resident labour force, the seasonally

adjusted unemployment rate was unchanged at 3.1%. With the strong economicrecovery, the unemployment rate averaged 2.2% (overall) and 3.1% (resident) in

2010, down significantly from 3.0% and 4.3% respectively in 2009. On average,

64,800 residents were unemployed in 2010, compared with 86,900 in 2009.

Redundancies rose to 3,190 in the fourth quarter of 2010 from 1,930 in the preceding

quarter. Redundancies for the whole year totalled 9,800, down substantially from


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Labour Market, 2010

Overview

Bolstered by the robust economic performance, the labour market recovered strongly in

2010 from the impact of the 2009 recession. With the tighterjob market, workers earnings

have risen. Labour productivity has also increased, driven by the strong output growth.

Employment

Employment creation picked up in the fourth quarter, after moderating in thepreceding two quarters

Supported by hirings for the year-end festivities, employment growth strengthened in thefourth quarter of 2010 (33,900), after easing in the preceding two quarters (third quarter:

20,500 and second quarter: 24,900) from the initial strong gains in the first quarter of 2010

(36,500) and the fourth quarter of 2009 (37,500). For the whole of 2010, total employment

growth was 115,900 or 3.9%, far exceeding the 37,600 or 1.3% in 2009.

Services added 30 900 workers in the fourth quarter of 2010 more than the gains of 21 300


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Labour Market, 2010

Chart 1: Employment Change by Sector

Quarterly

Q406 Q107 Q207 Q307 Q407 Q108 Q208 Q308 Q408 Q109 Q209 Q309 Q409 Q110 Q210 Q310 Q410

Total 51.5 49.4 64.4 58.6 62.5 73.2 71.4 55.7 21.3 -6.2 -7.7 14.0 37.5 36.5 24.9 20.5 33.9

Manufacturing 10.9 10.1 15.9 12.4 10.9 11.8 10.1 4.6 -7.0 -22.1 -15.9 -6.4 0.7 3.1 -2.3 -0.7 -1.2

Construction 5.8 5.4 10.9 11.3 12.7 14.5 22.4 16.5 10.7 8.3 4.7 7.4 4.6 - 0.4 2.0 - 0.9

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

Manufacturing

Services

Number (000)

Construction

Total


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Labour Market, 2010

Table 1: Total Employment Change by Industry

In Thousands

Industry

Employment Change TotalEmploymentLevel as at

Dec 102009 2010

2009 2010

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Total 37.6 115.9 37.5 36.5 24.9 20.5 33.9 3,105.9

Manufacturing -43.7 -1.1 0.7 3.1 -2.3 -0.7 -1.2 537.9

Construction 25.1 2.5 4.6 -0.4 2.0 - 0.9 395.6

Services 55.6 111.0 31.5 33.4 25.4 21.3 30.9 2,152.9

Wholesale & Retail Trade 5.9 14.2 6.2 1.8 1.8 2.8 7.9 393.7

Transport & Storage -3.8 6.7 0.4 0.8 2.0 1.5 2.4 199.1

Hotels & Restaurants 1.7 12.7 6.5 -0.1 1.8 2.2 8.9 192.8

Information & Communications 2.6 7.6 0.9 1.7 2.6 2.3 0.9 97.5

Financial Services 3.4 15.7 4.0 5.5 3.2 4.5 2.6 172.0

Real Estate & Leasing Services 4.1 6.9 0.6 5.1 0.5 0.6 0.7 80.3

Professional Services 3.5 8.2 1.3 2.8 3.4 4.3 -2.3 182.8


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Labour Market, 2010

Foreign Employment

Foreign workforce grew, after declining in 2009

With the strong economic expansion and higher demand for manpower, foreign employment

increased by 59,700 in 2010, after declining by 4,200 in 2009. Excluding foreign domestic

workers, foreign employment rose by 54,400 in 2010.

The bulk of the increase in foreign workers in 2010 came from services (56,000), up from

2009 (10,400). Manufacturing shed fewer foreigners (-700) than in 2009 (-34,300). On the

other hand, construction added fewer foreign workers (4,100) than in 2009 (19,700).

As at December 2010, there were 1,113,200 foreigners employed in Singapore forming

35.8% of total employment. Excluding foreign domestic workers, the foreigners share of

employment was 31.4% in December 2010, up from 30.7% a year ago.


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Labour Market, 2010

Table 2: Total Employment Change by Residential Status and Industry

In Thousands

Employment ChangeEmploymentLevel as at

Dec 102000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Overall

Total 108.5 -0.1 -22.9 -12.9 71.4 113.3 176.0 234.9 221.6 37.6 115.9 3,105.9

Local 58.4 1.3 19.4 14.9 49.9 63.5 90.9 90.4 64.7 41.8 56.2 1,992.7

Foreign 50.1 -1.4 -42.3 -27.9 21.5 49.8 85.1 144.5 156.9 -4.2 59.7 1,113.2

Manufacturing

Total 25.8 -15.2 -5.4 -5.0 27.0 29.1 41.6 49.3 19.5 -43.7 -1.1 537.9

Local 4.8 -11.0 -4.2 -1.1 7.4 9.7 11.0 7.3 -4.6 -9.4 -0.5 276.1

Foreign 21.0 -4.2 -1.2 -3.8 19.6 19.4 30.6 42.0 24.1 -34.3 -0.7 261.9

Construction

Total 1.1 -20.5 -34.3 -17.5 -9.1 8.7 20.5 40.4 64.0 25.1 2.5 395.6

Local 1.7 -3.4 -3.4 1.4 -1.6 2.2 5.3 4.4 5.2 5.4 -1.5 122.4

Foreign -0.6 -17.1 -30.9 -18.8 -7.5 6.5 15.2 36.0 58.9 19.7 4.1 273.2

Services


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Labour Market, 2010

Unemployment

Unemployment remained low during 2010

Unemployment remained low during 2010, after declining sharply in December 2009 from

the recession high in September 2009. Over the quarter, the overall unemployment rate

rose slightly to a seasonally adjusted 2.2% in December 2010 from 2.1% in September2010. Among the resident labour force, the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate was

unchanged at 3.1%. There were 57,400 unemployed residents in December 2010. The

seasonally adjusted number was 64,300.

Chart 3: Unemployment Rate(Seasonally Adjusted)

4

5

6Rate (%)


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Labour Market, 2010

Chart 4: Annual Average Unemployment Rate

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Overall 2.7 2.7 3.6 4.0 3.4 3.1 2.7 2.1 2.2 3.0 2.2

Resident 3.7 3.7 4.8 5.2 4.4 4.1 3.6 3.0 3.2 4.3 3.1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Rate (%)

Source: Labour Force Survey, Manpower Research and Statistics Department, MOM, except data for June 2000

and June 2005 which are from the Census of Population 2000 and General Household Survey 2005conducted by Singapore Department of Statistics Ministry of Trade and Industry


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Labour Market, 2010

Chart 5: Resident Unemployment Rate and Number by Age and Education(Non-Seasonally Adjusted)

By Age

Total Below 30 30-39 40 & Over

2.9%(59.8)

4.5%(19.7)

2.2%(11.9)

2.7%(28.2)

2.7%(57.4)

4.6%(20.8)

1.9%(10.1)

2.4%(26.5)


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Labour Market, 2010

The long-term unemployment rate among residents improved from 0.7% in December 2009

to 0.6% in December 2010. The number and share of job seekers who had been looking for

work for at least 25 weeks also decreased from 13,900 or 23% of unemployed residents in

December 2009 to 12,300 or 22% in December 2010.

For the whole of 2010, long-term unemployment rate among residents averaged 0.7%, down

from 0.9% in 2009. On average, there were 13,700 residents who were long-term

unemployed, compared with 18,700 in 2009.

Long-term unemployment improved over the year across the broad age groups in December

2010. By education, the long-term unemployment rate declined for the lower-educated

groups, but rose slightly for those better educated. This resulted in most education groups

having a relatively similar long-term unemployment rate in December 2010, clustering within

a narrow band of 0.5% to 0.6%.


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Labour Market, 2010

Chart 6: Resident Long-Term Unemployment Rate(Non-Seasonally Adjusted)

D00 D01 D02 D03 D04 D05 D06 D07 D08 D09 D10

LTU Rate 0.6 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.6

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

Rate (%)

Chart 7: Number and Share of Resident Long-Term Unemployed


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Labour Market, 2010

Chart 8: Resident Long-Term Unemployment Rate and Number by Age and Education(Non-Seasonally Adjusted)

By Age

Total Below 30 30-39 40 & Over

0.7%(13.9)

0.6%

(12.3)

0.6%

(2.6)

0.7%(2.9)

0.4%

(2.4)

0.5%

(2.9)

0.8%

(8.0)0.7%(7.4)


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Labour Market, 2010

Redundancy

Redundancies in 2010 was significantly lower than the year before, despite anincrease in the fourth quarter

Fewer workers were laid off for the whole of 2010, despite an increase in the last quarter.

Redundancies rose to 3,190 in the fourth quarter of 2010 from 1,930 in the precedingquarter, driven by higher layoffs in manufacturing (from 970 to 1,390), construction (from 140

to 680) and services (from 820 to 1,120). Redundancies for the whole year totalled 9,800,

down substantially from 23,430 in 2009 and 16,880 in 2008. This was the second lowest

level hit, since the start of the data series in 19982. The redundancies in 2010 comprised

7,740 workers retrenched and 2,070 whose contracts were terminated prematurely.

Chart 9: Redundancy

Quarterly

12 000

13,000

Number of Workers


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Labour Market, 2010

Annual

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

Redundancy 11,950 27,570 20,130 17,260 10,640 11,150 13,090 8,590 16,880 23,430 9,800

Early Release of Contract Workers 330 1,730 1,040 860 450 850 480 920 2,970 3,270 2,070

Retrenchment 11,620 25,840 19,090 16,400 10,190 10,290 12,600 7,680 13,920 20,160 7,740

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2,007 2008 2009 2010

Number of Workers

Notes: (1) There is a break in the series as demarcated by the vertical dashed line. Before 2006, data pertain

t i t t t bli h t h ith t l t 25 l F 2006 d d t l


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Labour Market, 2010

Majority of residents laid off in 2010 were in their 30s (29%), 40s (33%) or above (28%).

Although half of them were previously holding PMET positions (51%), production & related

workers were more vulnerable to redundancy, as they accounted for a higher share of

residents laid off (28%) than their composition in the resident workforce (21%).

Table 3: Profile of Residents Made Redundant and Resident Employees

Per Cent

CharacteristicsResidents Made

Redundant 2010

Resident Employees

Jun 2010

Total 100.0 100.0

Gender

Males 55.4 52.4

Females 44.6 47.6

Age Group

Below 30 10.0 19.8

30 39 28.9 28.5

40 49 32.8 25.9


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Labour Market, 2010

Fewer workers were put on short work-week or temporary lay-off (from 410 to 340) in the

fourth quarter of 2010. This worked out to an average of 410 workers per quarter who were

put on short work-week or temporary lay-off during 2010, significantly lower than the 13,620

in 2009 and 2,220 in 2008. The majority of the workers (86% or 350) were placed on short

work-week, while the remaining (14% or 60) were laid-off temporarily.

Slightly over half (54%) of the workers on short work-week or temporary lay-off in 2010 werefrom manufacturing, one third (34%) from services and another 12% from construction.

Production & related workers made up the majority (63%) of the workers, with the remaining

spread between clerical sales & service workers (19%) and PMETs (19%).

Chart 10: Number of Workers on Short Work-week or Temporary Lay-off

Quarter

24,000

26,000

28,000

Number of Workers


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Labour Market, 2010

Annual

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

Total 540 12,500 5,540 4,470 1,600 1,060 760 430 2,220 13,620 410

Temporary lay-off 170 760 570 460 200 70 160 50 320 1,660 60

Short work-week 370 11,730 4,980 4,020 1,400 1,000 600 380 1,910 11,950 350

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Number of Workers

Note: (1) There is a break in the series as demarcated by the vertical dashed line. Before2006, data pertain to private sector establishments each with at least 25employees. From 2006 onwards, data also include the public sector.

(2) Data are rounded to the nearest 10 Hence they may not add up to the total


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Labour Market, 2010

Re-employment

Re-employment rate fell, after rising from low in June 2009

Based on CPF records, slightly over half (51%) of residents laid off in the third quarter of

2010 were re-employed as at December 2010. The proportion decreased from 58% in

September 2010, after rising from the low of 43% in June 2009. The decrease was

observed across occupation, educational attainment, age and gender.

Chart 11: Re-employment Rate of Residents Made Redundant(Within Six Months After Redundancy)

60

70

80

90

100Rate (%)


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Labour Market, 2010

Chart 12: Re-employment Rate of Residents Made Redundant(Within Six Months After Redundancy)

Per Cent

Sep 10 Dec 10

58.1 50.8

54.8 49.4

68.2 51.2

56.0 52.4

53.5 43.2

60.1 53.2

57.4 44.3

60.0 44.5

58.7 51.7

75.9 65.6

64.8 56.6

59.0 50.2

44.1 40.2

59.8 49.6

Total

Prof, Mgrs, Execs & Tech (PMETs)

Clerical, Sales & Service Workers

Prod & Tpt Op, Cleaners & Labourers

Below Secondary

Secondary

Post Secondary (Non-Tertiary)

Diploma & Professional Qualification

Degree

Below 30

30-39

40-49

50 & Over

Males

Occupational Group

Educational Attainment

Age Group

Gender


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Labour Market, 2010

Job Vacancy

Job vacancies increased over the year

With the strong economy, job vacancies rose by 23% from 35,800 in December 2009 to

44,100 in December 2010. After dipping slightly over the quarter in September 2010, the

seasonally adjusted job vacancies increased by 3.0% to a new high in December 2010,

since the comparable series started in March 2006.

Chart 13: Job Vacancies

30

40

50

Number (000)


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Labour Market, 2010

Services generated three in four (32,900 or 75%) of the vacancies in December 2010.

These were mainly from community, social & personal services (9,200 or 21% of all

vacancies), wholesale & retail trade (4,300 or 9.8%), hotels & restaurants (3,500 or 8.0%),

administrative & support services (3,500 or 7.9%), transport & storage (3,000 or 6.8%) and

financial services (3,000 or 6.8%). Manufacturing contributed 7,200 or 16% and construction,

3,500 or 7.9% of the total vacancies.

Close to half of the openings were for PMETs (20,300 or 46%) while production & transport

operators, cleaners & labourers (12,300 or 28%) and clerical, sales & services workers

(11,500 or 26%) made up the rest.

Overall, job vacancies constituted 2.5% of the total manpower demand in December 2010.

This was up from 2.1% a year ago. Excluding seasonality, the job vacancy rate has

stabilised at 2.6% starting from June 2010, after rising from a low of 1.5% in March 2009.

Chart 14: Job Vacancy Rate

Rate (%)


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Labour Market, 2010

With a slight increase in pool of job seekers, the ratio of job vacancies to unemployedpersons eased slightly to a seasonally adjusted 1.01 in December 2010 from 1.06 in

September 2010, after rising for six consecutive quarters from the low of 0.36 in March 2009.

Chart 15: Ratio of Job Vacancies to Unemployed Persons(Seasonally Adjusted)

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

Ratio


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Labour Market, 2010

Chart 16: Average Monthly Recruitment and Resignation Rates

Average Monthly Recruitment Rate

0

1

2

3

4

5

Non Seasonally Adjusted 2 6 2 6 3 3 3 2 2 7 2 8 3 2 3 1 2 2 1 9 2 1 2 5 2 4 2 6 2 9 3 0 2 6


Rate (%)


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Labour Market, 2010

Hours Worked

Paid overtime has stabilised, after increasing from recessionary low

Paid overtime per employee averaged 3.7 hours a week in December 2010, unchanged from

a quarter ago, after increasing from the low of 3.1 hours in March 2009.

In December 2010, workers in construction clocked the longest paid overtime averaging 7.5

hours per week, followed closely by manufacturing at 7.2 hours. While services employees

on the whole had shorter paid overtime averaging 1.7 hours per week, those employed in

administrative & support services (5.5 hours) and land transport & supporting services (4.6

hours) put in longer hours.

Chart 17: Average Weekly Paid Overtime Hours Worked

6

Hours


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Labour Market, 2010

Earnings and Productivity

Labour productivity recovered strongly, driven by robust GDP growth

Labour productivity grew over the year by 7.8% in the fourth quarter, higher than the 6.2%

increase in the previous quarter. Driven by the robust output growth, labour productivity

increased by 11% in 2010, after two years of decline (2009: -3.4% and 2008: -7.5%).Labour productivity rose in most sectors, led by manufacturing (32%) and wholesale & retail

trade (12%), with information & communications (-3.4%) and business services (-0.9%)

being the only industries that saw declines.

Nominal earnings grew by 7.5% over the year in the fourth quarter of 2010. Weighed down

by higher inflation in the fourth quarter, real earnings rose by 3.4%. Nevertheless, this washigher than the increase in the preceding three quarters (third quarter: 2.1%, second quarter:

2.6%, first quarter: 2.8%).

For the full year of 2010, earnings rose by 5.6% (nominal) and 2.7% (real), after declining in

2009 (nominal: -2.6%, real: -3.2%).


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Labour Market, 2010

Chart 18: Change in Average (Mean) Monthly Earnings and Labour ProductivityOver Corresponding Period of Previous Year

Quarterly

-16

-14

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

810

12

14

16

18

Labour Productivity 0.2 0.0 1.4 1.8 -2.7 -2.0 -7.0 -9.5 - 11.2 -13.6 - 4.1 0.9 3.5 13.9 15.3 6.2 7.8

Real Earnings* 2.4 5.6 7.4 3.6 0.1 3.7 -4.1 -0.9 -3.3 -6.9 -2.3 -2.8 -0.9 2.8 2.6 2.1 3.4

Nominal Earnings 3.1 5.5 8.5 6.9 4.3 10.6 3.1 5.5 2.4 -3.7 -2.2 -3.0 -1.6 3.7 5.8 5.4 7.5

Q406 Q107 Q207 Q307 Q407 Q108 Q208 Q308 Q408 Q109 Q209 Q309 Q 409 Q110 Q210 Q310 Q410P

Ppreliminary

%


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Labour Market, 2010

Table 4: Labour Productivity and Real Earnings Growth(Over Corresponding Period of Previous Year)

Per Cent

Industry

2009 2010

Labour

Productivity

Real

Earnings*

Labour

Productivityp

Real

Earnings*

Total -3.4 -3.2 10.7 2.7

(Excl. Construction) -2.9 -3.4 11.0 2.9

Manufacturing 1.6 -0.3 31.9 4.6

Construction 4.0 2.4 2.9 2.7

Services -4.2 -4.0 5.4 2.3

Wholesale & Retail Trade -7.7 -1.3 12.1 0.9

Transport & Storage -9.3 -2.5 4.7 -1.8

Hotels & Restaurants -5.0 -3.3 3.9 0.1

Information & Communications -3.2 -1.6 -3.4 -1.1

Financial Services 2.3 -4.3 3.2 8.1

Business Services -0.4 -2.4 -0.9 -5.0

Community, Social & Personal Services -0.4 -8.0 8.9 8.2

Ppreliminary


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Labour Market, 2010

Chart 19: Change in Cost Indices(Over corresponding period of previous year)

Quarterly


Overall ULC 4.3 4.8 6.4 4.4 7.4 3.4 2.8 6.8 5.8 10.8 1.0 -4.5 -4.9 -7.8 -6.7 2.8 1.8

Mf ULC

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

P

%


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Labour Market, 2010

Singapores unit labour cost for manufacturing relative to 16 other economies declined forthe second consecutive year in 2010. This mainly reflected a sharper decline in Singapores

manufacturing ULC compared to the other economies.

Chart 20: Relative Unit Labour Cost (RULC)in Manufacturing Against Selected 16 Economies (2005=100)

100

110

120Index


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Labour Market, 2010

Employment Outlook

Overall employment outlook remained positive, though it has softened in services

In line with a softening in its business outlook, a net weighted balance of 15% of services

firms expect to expand headcount in the first quarter of 2011, lower than 21% in the fourth

quarter of 20103. Financial services (+38%) and amusement & recreation (+35%) were the

most optimistic. In manufacturing, a net weighted 10% of firms expect to increase

employment in the first quarter of 2011, up from 8% in the fourth quarter of 2010.

Chart 21: Companies Quarterly Employment Forecast by Industry(Net Weighted Balance of Firms)

Net weightedbalance of firms

expectingemployment to

increase

%


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Labour Market, 2010

Concluding Remarks

Driven by the exceptional economic expansion, the labour market has recovered strongly in

2010. With many jobs created, unemployment remained low during the year, after declining

sharply in December 2009 from the recession high. The robust output growth has led to a

strong recovery in labour productivity, after two years of decline. This has helped to ease

cost pressures on businesses, even as workers earnings rose.

S i i l U d


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Labour Market, 2010

1.1 TOTAL EMPLOYMENTIn Thousands

2009

IV I II III IV

TOTAL 221.6 37.6 115.9 37.5 36.5 24.9 20.5 33.9 3 105.9

C15-36 MANUFACTURING 19.5 -43.7 -1.1 0.7 3.1 -2.3 -0.7 -1.2 537.9

C15-17 Food, Beverages & Tobacco 1.3 0.9 1.9 0.6 0.4 - 0.4 1.1 39.5

C22-23 Paper Products & Printing 0.7 -1.5 0.5 -0.1 0.1 0.2 - 0.2 23.9

C24-26 Petroleum, Chemical & Pharmaceutical

Products

11.1 7.0 -3.5 1.1 -0.3 -0.8 0.1 -2.5 58.3

C27 Rubber & Plastic Products -1.5 -2.0 -0.1 0.1 0.1 - -0.1 -0.1 13.9

C30 Fabricated Metal Products 2.2 -3.2 0.5 - 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 30.2

C31 Machinery & Equipment -1.8 -5.7 2.3 -0.1 0.1 0.9 1.1 0.3 74.6

C32 Electrical Products 0.8 -0.4 0.2 - 0.1 - - 0.1 12.2

C33 Electronic Products -7.2 -12.4 5.6 1.0 1.8 1.1 1.2 1.5 96.9

C34 Medical & Precision Instruments 1.1 -0.2 0.9 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.2 - 14.1

C35 Transport Equipment 10.3 -24.8 -9.9 -2.2 -0.4 -4.1 -3.4 -2.0 124.5

Other Manufacturing Industries 2.4 -1.5 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.1 -0.5 -0.1 49.8

F45 CONSTRUCTION 64.0 25.1 2.5 4.6 -0.4 2.0 - 0.9 395.6G-V SERVICES 136.4 55.6 111.0 31.5 33.4 25.4 21.3 30.9 2 152.9

G50-51 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE 16.4 5.9 14.2 6.2 1.8 1.8 2.8 7.9 393.7

G50 Wholesale Trade 8.9 4.5 13.2 3.8 2.1 3.1 3.2 4.8 250.4

G51 Retail Trade 7.5 1.3 1.0 2.4 -0.2 -1.3 -0.5 3.1 143.3

H52-56 TRANSPORT AND STORAGE 13.7 -3.8 6.7 0.4 0.8 2.0 1.5 2.4 199.1

H52, H552 Land Transport & Supporting Services 5.0 0.7 1.5 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 73.0

H53, H553 Water Transport & Supporting Services 3.5 -1.3 1.0 -0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.3 48.0

Statistical Updates

Industry (SSIC 2005)

Employment Change Total

Employment

Level as at

Dec 20102008 2009 2010

2010

1 2 EMPLOYMENT


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1.2 EMPLOYMENTCOMPANIES' QUARTERLY EMPLOYMENT FORECAST BY INDUSTRY

Net Weighted Balance in Per Cent

2011

I II III IV I II III IV I

Manufacturing - 28 - 23 - 9 0 0 + 10 + 7 + 8 + 10

Electronics - 46 - 39 - 3 + 10 0 + 9 + 12 + 6 + 12

Chemicals - 12 - 3 + 1 + 3 + 6 + 4 + 8 + 10 + 14

Petroleum - 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Petrochemicals - 6 - 1 0 + 2 0 0 + 1 + 42 + 45

Specialty Chemicals - 35 - 7 - 4 + 8 + 6 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 3

Biomedicals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 7 + 1

Pharmaceuticals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical Technology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 37 + 4

Precision Engineering - 51 - 45 - 19 - 2 + 4 + 23 + 18 + 4 + 1

Transport Engineering - 16 - 9 - 22 - 13 - 4 + 11 0 + 13 + 30

General Manufacturing Industries - 12 - 17 - 3 - 7 - 2 + 2 + 3 + 10 + 1

Total Services Sector - 20 - 15 + 4 + 16 + 11 + 20 + 21 + 21 + 15

Wholesale & Retail Trade - 19 - 16 + 1 + 16 + 4 + 13 + 21 + 20 + 13

Wholesale Trade - 16 - 17 + 3 + 11 + 6 + 16 + 22 + 16 + 16

Industry2009 2010

2 1 UNEMPLOYMENT


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2.1 UNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYED RESIDENTS BY GENDER, AGE AND EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

In Thousands

2009

Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec

TOTAL 62.9 86.9 64.8 59.8 63.3 84.4 54.2 57.4

(66.6) (66.2) (65.5) (63.0) (64.3)

GENDER

Males 33.6 46.2 34.0 33.1 32.1 45.0 28.6 30.2

Females 29.3 40.7 30.8 26.7 31.2 39.4 25.5 27.2

AGE GROUP (YEARS)

Below 30 21.3 27.5 23.7 19.7 21.9 32.1 20.0 20.8

30 - 39 13.2 18.6 12.1 11.9 11.6 16.9 9.8 10.1

Characteristics 2008 2009 20102010

2 2 UNEMPLOYMENT


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2.2 UNEMPLOYMENTRESIDENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE BY GENDER, AGE AND EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Per Cent

2009

Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec

TOTAL 3.2 4.3 3.1 2.9 3.1 4.1 2.6 2.7

(3.3) (3.2) (3.2) (3.1) (3.1)

GENDER

Males 3.0 4.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 3.9 2.5 2.6

Females 3.5 4.7 3.4 3.0 3.5 4.4 2.8 2.9

AGE GROUP (YEARS)

Below 30 5.2 6.7 5.5 4.5 5.1 7.6 4.7 4.6

30 - 39 2.6 3.6 2.3 2.2 2.3 3.2 1.8 1.9

Characteristics 2008 2009 20102010


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3 2 REDUNDANCY


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3.2 REDUNDANCYWORKERS MADE REDUNDANT BY INDUSTRY, REASONS FOR REDUNDANCY

AND OCCUPATIONAL GROUP, 2010um er o or ers

TOTAL 1 650 2 050 3 220 4 730 1 190 1 310 9 800 3 450 1 450 4 900

C15-36 MANUFACTURING 680 830 1 940 2 050 930 610 4 690 1 340 300 3 050

C15-17 Food, Beverages & Tobacco - - 20 10 - 10 20 10 10 10

C22-23 Paper Products & Printing 60 110 30 - 50 - 110 10 10 100


Products

- - - 150 30 10 180 90 10 80

C27 Rubber & Plastic Products 70 190 80 70 190 - 350 80 20 250

C30 Fabricated Metal Products 40 100 60 670 - - 710 280 40 390

C31 Machinery & Equipment 110 180 110 170 90 180 640 170 20 450

C32 Electrical Products 10 10 10 120 - 10 140 40 20 80

C33 Electronic Products 80 70 1 350 770 390 380 1 840 600 100 1 140

C34 Medical & Precision Instruments - 100 160 10 80 - 110 20 10 70

C35 Transport Equipment 280 30 90 50 100 30 500 40 50 420

Other Manufacturing Industries 40 40 30 10 20 - 100 10 10 70

F45 CONSTRUCTION 390 640 490 260 30 120 1 300 150 100 1 060

G-V SERVICES 580 580 790 2 430 220 590 3 810 1 960 1 050 790

G50-51 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE 200 150 310 720 140 110 1 160 600 340 220

G50 Wholesale Trade 90 100 200 660 130 80 930 560 200 170

G51 Retail Trade 110 50 110 60 - 30 230 40 140 50

H52-56 TRANSPORT AND STORAGE 20 50 140 190 50 - 320 90 140 100

Total

Profes-sionals,

Managers,

Executives

&

Technicians

Clerical,

Sales &

Service

Workers

Production&

Transport

Operators,

Cleaners &

Labourers


Reasons For Redundancy Occupational Group

Recession/

Downturn

In

Industry

Poor

Business/

Business

Failure *

High

Costs

Reorgani-

sation/

Restruc-

turing

Product

Line Was

Discontin-

ued

Others

3 3 RETRENCHMENT


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3.3 RETRENCHMENTRETRENCHED WORKERS BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATIONAL GROUP

Number of Workers

2009

IV I II III IV

TOTAL 13 920 20 160 7 740 1 980 1 800 2 010 1 440 2 480INDUSTRY (SSIC 2005)

C15-36 MANUFACTURING 8 480 12 110 3 980 810 860 1 120 690 1 320

C15-17 Food, Beverages & Tobacco 50 10 20 - - 10 - 10

C22-23 Paper Products & Printing 210 190 110 50 10 80 20 -


Products

180 220 180 20 50 70 40 20

C27 Rubber & Plastic Products 700 610 350 - 110 10 20 210

C30 Fabricated Metal Products 790 950 610 80 30 340 80 170

C31 Machinery & Equipment 680 1 460 330 70 40 90 60 140

C32 Electrical Products 660 340 140 20 100 30 - -

C33 Electronic Products 4 210 5 790 1 810 290 390 230 440 740

C34 Medical & Precision Instruments 150 360 110 - 20 80 - 10

C35 Transport Equipment 510 1 080 230 270 50 140 20 20

Other Manufacturing Industries 340 1 090 100 10 50 40 - 10

F45 CONSTRUCTION 240 440 490 160 100 80 80 230

G-V SERVICES 5 170 7 530 3 270 980 850 810 680 930

G50-51 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE 1 340 2 390 1 090 310 290 260 200 340

G50 Wholesale Trade 1 280 2 230 870 290 260 240 140 230

G51 Retail Trade 70 160 220 10 30 20 60 110

H52-56 TRANSPORT AND STORAGE 470 830 300 20 30 140 100 40

H52, H552 Land Transport & Supporting Services 20 50 50 - 10 20 20 -

H53, H553 Water Transport & Supporting Services 210 190 80 10 10 20 30 20

H54, H554 Air Transport & Supporting Services 130 370 110 - - 100 10 -

Other Transport & Storage Services 110 210 60 10 - 10 40 20

J58 HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS 150 190 120 60 50 - 20 60

J581 Hotels 30 60 - - - - - -

2008 2009 20102010

3 4 EARLY RELEASE OF CONTRACT WORKERS


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3.4 EARLY RELEASE OF CONTRACT WORKERSEARLY RELEASE OF CONTRACT WORKERS BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATIONAL GROUP

Number of Workers

2009

IV I II III IV

TOTAL 2 970 3 270 2 070 250 600 270 490 710

INDUSTRY (SSIC 2005)

C15-36 MANUFACTURING 2 020 1 730 710 50 260 100 280 70

C15-17 Food, Beverages & Tobacco 20 - - - - - - -

C22-23 Paper Products & Printing - 10 - - - - - -


Products

10 10 - - - - - -

C27 Rubber & Plastic Products 10 80 - - - - - -

C30 Fabricated Metal Products 150 250 90 10 10 50 20 10

C31 Machinery & Equipment 300 470 310 - 210 20 30 50

C32 Electrical Products 10 10 - - - - - -

C33 Electronic Products 1 170 340 40 - 30 - - -

C34 Medical & Precision Instruments - 40 - - - - - -

C35 Transport Equipment 330 460 270 40 - 30 230 10

Other Manufacturing Industries 40 70 - - - - - -

F45 CONSTRUCTION 290 520 820 100 240 60 60 450

G-V SERVICES 640 1 020 540 100 100 110 150 190

G50-51 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE 140 230 80 10 30 20 20 10

G50 Wholesale Trade 110 200 70 - 30 10 20 10

G51 Retail Trade 30 30 10 - - - - 10

H52-56 TRANSPORT AND STORAGE 80 240 30 40 10 10 10 10

H52, H552 Land Transport & Supporting Services 50 - - - - - - -

H53, H553 Water Transport & Supporting Services 10 110 10 40 10 - - -

H54, H554 Air Transport & Supporting Services 10 50 - - - - - -

Other Transport & Storage Services 10 80 10 - - - 10 10

J58 HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS 20 20 10 10 - - - -

2008 2009 20102010

4 1 WORKERS ON SHORT WORK-WEEK OR TEMPORARY LAY-OFF


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4.1 WORKERS ON SHORT WORK WEEK OR TEMPORARY LAY OFFWORKERS ON SHORT WORK-WEEK OR TEMPORARY LAY-OFF BY SECTOR

AND OCCUPATIONAL GROUP

Number of Workers

2009

IV I II III IV

WORKERS ON SHORT WORK-WEEK OR

TEMPORARY LAY-OFF

TOTAL 2 220 13 620 410 2 080 620 290 410 340

SECTOR

Manufacturing 1 990 10 710 220 1 400 410 140 100 240

Construction 30 100 50 40 40 10 100 50

Services 190 2 800 140 630 170 140 210 40

Others* - 10 - - - - - -

OCCUPATIONAL GROUP

Professionals, Managers, Executives & Technicians 550 4 710 80 610 120 60 50 80

Clerical, Sales & Service Workers 140 1 430 80 250 110 80 90 40

Production & Transport Operators, Cleaners & Labourers 1 530 7 480 260 1 210 390 150 270 220

WORKERS ON SHORT WORK-WEEK

TOTAL 1 910 11 950 350 1 960 530 260 340 280

SECTOR

Manufacturing 1 740 9 620 200 1 370 390 140 90 200

Construction 20 60 40 40 30 - 70 50

20102008 2009 2010

5.1 RE-EMPLOYMENT


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PROPORTION OF RESIDENTS MADE REDUNDANT WHO ARE RE-EMPLOYED WITHIN 6 MONTHS

AFTER REDUNDANCY BY GENDER, AGE, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AND OCCUPATIONAL GROUP

PRIOR TO REDUNDANCY

Per Cent

2009

IV I II III IV

TOTAL 53.4 52.1 50.0 54.7 58.1 50.8

GENDER

Males 53.4 51.4 47.5 56.8 59.8 49.6

Females 53.3 53.1 53.1 52.0 55.8 52.1

AGE GROUP (YEARS)

Below 30 70.3 68.0 67.8 71.9 75.9 65.6

30 - 39 60.2 54.1 59.1 60.2 64.8 56.6

40 - 49 52.1 48.1 42.0 57.0 59.0 50.2

50 & Over 40.9 39.6 39.2 40.2 44.1 40.2

Characteristics 2010 2010

5.2 RE-EMPLOYMENT


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PROPORTION OF RESIDENTS RETRENCHED WHO ARE RE-EMPLOYED WITHIN 6 MONTHS

AFTER RETRENCHMENT BY GENDER, AGE, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AND OCCUPATIONAL GROUP

PRIOR TO RETRENCHMENT

Per Cent

2009IV I II III IV

TOTAL 69.3 48.6 53.2 50.0 50.6 54.6 58.4 49.2

GENDER

Males 67.9 48.5 53.6 49.4 48.9 57.3 60.1 48.2

Females 70.5 48.6 52.6 50.8 52.7 51.2 56.1 50.4

AGE GROUP (YEARS)

Below 30 77.4 59.2 70.8 64.4 68.1 75.0 76.0 64.0

30 - 39 73.3 52.2 59.8 53.1 59.2 60.4 64.6 55.0

40 - 49 70.5 48.2 52.4 48.5 42.7 57.7 59.6 49.5

50 & Over 59.8 37.9 40.4 39.2 40.1 39.1 44.7 37.6

Characteristics 2008 2009 2010 2010


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6.2 JOB VACANCY


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JOB VACANCY RATE BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATIONAL GROUP

Per Cent

2009

Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec

TOTAL 2.4 1.8 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.7 2.8 2.5INDUSTRY (SSIC 2005)

C15-36 MANUFACTURING 1.6 1.2 2.1 1.6 2.0 2.3 2.1 1.9

C15-17 Food, Beverages & Tobacco 1.7 1.4 2.3 1.2 1.6 1.8 2.8 3.0

C22-23 Paper Products & Printing 1.0 0.7 1.7 0.8 2.2 1.8 1.6 1.4

C24-26 Petroleum, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Products 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.3

C27 Rubber & Plastic Products 2.0 1.4 2.0 1.4 1.6 1.6 2.6 2.1

C30 Fabricated Metal Products 1.5 1.0 1.6 1.0 1.4 1.7 2.3 1.1

C31 Machinery & Equipment 1.9 1.1 2.2 1.6 2.4 2.5 2.3 1.5

C32 Electrical Products 1.4 1.1 1.7 1.2 1.9 1.9 1.3 1.5

C33 Electronic Products 1.3 1.2 2.9 1.4 2.4 3.7 2.9 2.6

C34 Medical & Precision Instruments 2.1 1.3 2.9 2.1 3.3 3.5 2.3 2.5

C35 Transport Equipment 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.8

Other Manufacturing Industries 1.1 1.5 1.9 3.1 2.6 2.5 1.4 1.0

F45 CONSTRUCTION 1.6 0.8 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.4 1.4

G-V SERVICES 2.8 2.3 3.0 2.6 2.6 3.2 3.4 2.9

G50-51 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE 2.1 1.6 2.4 1.8 2.1 2.7 3.0 1.9

G50 Wholesale Trade 1.8 1.3 2.1 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 1.5

G51 Retail Trade 2.7 2.1 3.2 2.4 2.4 3.1 4.3 3.1

H52-56 TRANSPORT AND STORAGE 2.1 1.4 2.5 1.7 2.3 3.2 2.4 2.3

H52, H552 Land Transport & Supporting Services 3.1 1.5 3.3 1.4 2.0 3.7 3.3 4.2

H53, H553 Water Transport & Supporting Services 1.4 0.7 1.9 0.9 1.5 3.0 1.4 1.5

H54, H554 Air Transport & Supporting Services 2.8 2.9 3.4 3.6 4.7 4.2 2.5 2.4

Other Transport & Storage Services 1.5 1.0 1.9 1.3 1.5 2.2 2.5 1.5

20102008 2009 2010

6.3 JOB VACANCY


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JOB VACANCIES AND JOB VACANCY RATE BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATIONAL GROUP, 2010

Vacancies

( ' 000 )

Vacancy

Rate (%)

Vacancies

( ' 000 )

Vacancy

Rate (%)

Vacancies

( ' 000 )

Vacancy

Rate (%)

Vacancies

( ' 000 )

Vacancy

Rate (%)

TOTAL 44.2 2.5 20.1 2.9 12.0 3.0 12.1 1.9

C15-36 MANUFACTURING 8.0 2.1 3.0 2.4 0.6 1.9 4.4 1.9


C22-23 Paper Products & Printing 0.2 1.7 - 1.8 - 1.5 0.1 1.8

C24-26 Petroleum, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Products 0.4 1.6 0.2 1.5 - 1.9 0.2 1.7

C27 Rubber & Plastic Products 0.2 2.0 0.1 2.1 - 1.3 0.2 2.0

C30 Fabricated Metal Products 0.6 1.6 0.1 1.4 - 1.5 0.4 1.7


C32 Electrical Products 0.1 1.7 - 1.4 - 1.1 0.1 1.9


C34 Medical & Precision Instruments 0.4 2.9 0.1 2.6 - 0.9 0.3 3.3

C35 Transport Equipment 1.5 1.6 0.4 2.0 0.1 1.9 1.1 1.4Other Manufacturing Industries 0.4 1.9 0.1 2.1 0.1 2.6 0.2 1.7

F45 CONSTRUCTION 2.7 1.2 0.8 2.2 0.2 1.3 1.7 1.0

G-V SERVICES 33.0 3.0 16.0 3.0 11.2 3.1 5.8 2.8



G51 Retail Trade 2.0 3.2 0.2 2.0 1.5 3.4 0.2 3.6

H52-56 TRANSPORT AND STORAGE 3 1 2 5 0 8 2 5 0 8 2 1 1 5 2 9


Total

Occupational Group

Professionals,

Managers,

Executives &

Technicians

Clerical, Sales &

Service Workers

Production &Transport

Operators,

Cleaners &

Labourers

7.1 LABOUR TURNOVER


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AVERAGE MONTHLY RECRUITMENT RATE BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATIONAL GROUP

Per Cent

2009

IV I II III IV


C15-36 MANUFACTURING 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.2 1.7












F45 CONSTRUCTION 3.7 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.6 2.5

G-V SERVICES 3.0 2.4 3.1 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.3 2.9



G51 Retail Trade 4.7 3.9 5.3 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.0 6.2






20102008 2009 2010

7.2 LABOUR TURNOVER


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AVERAGE MONTHLY RESIGNATION RATE BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATIONAL GROUP

Per Cent

2009

IV I II III IV


C15-36 MANUFACTURING 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.2












F45 CONSTRUCTION 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.6

G-V SERVICES 2.2 1.9 2.3 1.9 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.0



G51 Retail Trade 3.9 3.8 4.7 3.7 5.4 5.0 4.2 4.3






20102008 2009 2010

7.3 LABOUR TURNOVER


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AVERAGE MONTHLY RECRUITMENT RATE AND RESIGNATION RATE BY INDUSTRY

AND OCCUPATIONAL GROUP, 2010

Per Cent

Recruitment Resignation Recruitment Resignation Recruitment Resignation Recruitment Resignation

TOTAL 2.8 2.0 2.2 1.4 4.0 3.1 2.7 2.1

C15-36 MANUFACTURING 2.0 1.5 1.9 1.3 2.7 2.3 2.0 1.6

C15-17 Food, Beverages & Tobacco 3.2 2.8 1.9 1.5 4.4 4.3 3.0 2.4C22-23 Paper Products & Printing 2.1 2.0 1.6 1.5 3.5 2.6 1.9 2.0










F45 CONSTRUCTION 2.5 1.8 2.3 1.8 2.7 2.1 2.5 1.7

G-V SERVICES 3.1 2.3 2.3 1.4 4.2 3.3 3.5 2.7



G51 Retail Trade 5.3 4.7 2.2 1.9 6.3 5.6 3.9 3.3

Industry (SSIC 2005)Total

Occupational Group

Professionals,

Managers,

Executives &

Technicians

Clerical, Sales &

Service Workers

Production &

Transport Operators,

Cleaners &

Labourers

8.1 HOURS WORKEDAVERAGE WEEKLY PAID HOURS WORKED PER EMPLOYEE BY INDUSTRY


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AVERAGE WEEKLY PAID HOURS WORKED PER EMPLOYEE BY INDUSTRY

Hours

2009

Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec

TOTAL 46.3 46.0 46.2 46.2 46.2 46.3 46.3 46.2

C15-36 MANUFACTURING 50.2 49.4 50.5 50.4 50.5 50.8 50.3 50.5












F45 CONSTRUCTION 52.4 52.2 52.3 52.2 52.3 52.5 52.2 52.3

G-V SERVICES 43.5 43.3 43.4 43.3 43.4 43.3 43.5 43.5



G51 Retail Trade 43.7 43.7 43.7 43.2 43.6 43.6 44.3 43.4




H54 H554 Air Transport & Supporting Services 43 9 43 3 43 5 43 4 43 9 43 8 43 5 42 8

2010Industry (SSIC 2005) 2008 2009 2010

8.2 HOURS WORKEDAVERAGE WEEKLY PAID OVERTIME HOURS WORKED PER EMPLOYEE BY INDUSTRY


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AVERAGE WEEKLY PAID OVERTIME HOURS WORKED PER EMPLOYEE BY INDUSTRY

Hours

2009

Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec

TOTAL 3.8 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7

C15-36 MANUFACTURING 7.0 6.2 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.6 7.2 7.2












F45 CONSTRUCTION 7.6 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.5 7.3 7.5

G-V SERVICES 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7



G51 Retail Trade 2.1 2.0 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.6 1.9




H54 H554 Air Transport & Supporting Services 1 7 1 2 1 5 1 3 1 8 1 7 1 8 0 7

2010Industry (SSIC 2005) 2008 2009 2010


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59/71

9.3 LABOUR PRODUCTIVITYCHANGE IN LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY BY INDUSTRY

1


60/71

CHANGE IN LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY BY INDUSTRY

(Over corresponding period of previous year)

Per Cent

2009

IV I II III IVP

TOTAL2

-7.5 -3.4 10.7 3.5 13.9 15.3 6.2 7.8

EXCLUDING CONSTRUCTION2

-6.9 -2.9 11.0 4.0 14.8 15.7 6.1 8.0

C15-36 MANUFACTURING -10.9 1.6 31.9 11.3 44.3 47.4 13.8 25.8

F45 CONSTRUCTION -0.8 4.0 2.9 6.7 3.9 7.0 4.4 -2.7

G-U SERVICES -4.0 -4.2 5.4 2.1 7.3 6.9 4.5 3.3

Industry (SSIC 2005) 2008 2009 2010P

2010


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Labour Market, 2010

Unemployment

Source

Labour Force Survey

(Except data for selected periods which were obtained from the General Household Survey (for June 1995 and

June 2005) and Population Census (for June 2000) conducted by Department of Statistics, Ministry of Trade and

Industry as the Labour Force Survey was not conducted for these periods).

Coverage

The survey covers private households on the main island of Singapore. It excludes workers living in construction

worksites, dormitories and workers quarters at the workplace and persons commuting from abroad to work in

Singapore. Estimates of the total labour force are derived by combining data on residents (also known as locals)

obtained from the survey with foreign workforce data compiled from administrative records.

Concepts and Definitions

Unemployed personsrefer to persons aged 15 years and over who did not work but were available for work and

were actively looking for a job during the reference period. They include persons who were not working but were

taking steps to start their own business or taking up a new job after the reference period.

Unemployment rate is defined as the percentage of unemployed persons to the total number of economically


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Labour Market, 2010

Retrenchment and Redundancy

Source

Labour Market Survey

Coverage

Before 2006, the survey covers private sector establishments each with at least 25 employees. From 2006

onwards, the survey also includes the public sector comprising government ministries, organs of state and

statutory boards.


Retrenchment refers to the termination of employment of a permanent employee due to redundancy. In the

public sector, it includes those who left service under the Special Resignation Scheme that allows redundant

non-deployable Civil Service or Statutory Board employees to leave their organisations with compensation.

Early release of contract workers refers to employees on term contracts which were terminated prematurely

because of redundancy.

Redundancyrefers to an employee made redundant due to retrenchment or early release of contract.


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Labour Market, 2010


Re-employment rate is defined as the proportion of residents made redundant who are re-employed.

The re-employment rate within six months after redundancy for a quarter refers to the re-employment rate as at

end of the quarter for the residents made redundant in the previous quarter. For example, the re-employment

rate for second quarter 2009 shows the proportion of residents made redundant in the first quarter of 2009 who

were re-employed as at June 2009. The annual average re-employment rate is the simple average of the

quarterly figures.

Uses and Limitations

This indicator measures the re-employment prospects of workers made redundant. It allows us to identify

vulnerable workers who find it difficult to secure re-employment after layoff.

A low re-employment rate could also be the result of workers taking a break from the labour force rather than a

weak job market. An analysis of the change in re-employment rate over time should therefore be made in the

context of other indicators on the labour market. Also, the indicator could be cohort-specific. Even if the state of

the labour market is unchanged, two different cohorts of workers could yield different re-employment rates,

depending on the profile of the workers involved. Also, the data based on CPF records do not capture workers

who went into self or informal employment or undergo training while looking for a job.

Job Vacancy


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Labour Market, 2010

Job vacancies to unemployed ratiois calculated by taking the ratio of the estimates of the total number of job

vacancies for the whole economy to the total number of unemployed persons. The job vacancies for the whole

economy is estimated based on the assumption that private sector establishments with less than 25 employees

have the same vacancy rate as private establishments with at least 25 employees. Estimates on the total number

of unemployed persons are obtained from the Labour Force Survey.


Job vacancy statistics measures unmet demand for manpower and is useful for assessing changes in the

manpower demand over time. It enables users to identify industries and occupations where employers areseeking workers. This can have operational use e.g. in improving vocational guidance and helping job seekers

and employers make more informed choices.

Data on job vacancies can assist in pinpointing emerging labour shortages. To identify labour shortages, trends

in vacancy data would have to be evaluated together with other labour market indicators as well as background

information on the occupations and factors affecting demand and supply of workers. This is because persistent

job vacancies may indicate either real shortages or factors such as low wages, poor working conditions and

unrealistic hiring specifications.

Labour Turnover

Source


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Labour Market, 2010

Paid Overtime Hours

Source

Labour Market Survey

Coverage

Before 2006, the survey covers private sector establishments each with at least 25 employees. From 2006

onwards, the survey also includes the public sector comprising government ministries, organs of state and

statutory boards.


Weekly paid overtime hours worked refers to the number of hours worked by an employee in excess of the

standard hours for which the employees were paid. It excludes overtime hours worked for which time-off was

granted instead of wage payment.


Data on number of paid overtime hours are used as a gauge of the level of economic activities and working

conditions of the various industries. The data can also be used for social studies on family and community life.


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Labour Market, 2010


Nominal earnings data can be used as a rough gauge of the average wage level in the country. The data series

is also useful in the tracking of economic cycle as earnings tend to rise when economic activities pick up and

demand for manpower increases.

Changes in earnings data can be influenced by overtime and compositional changes in the workforce

e.g. between part-time and full-time workers. Hence, they do not represent the true change in wage rates paid to

workers. A better source for this is the Survey on Annual Wage Changes which provides annual data onchanges in basic wages and total wages of full-time employees on the CPF scheme who are in continuous

employment of one year.

Monthly earnings data also do not represent total labour costs to employers as they do not take into account

non-wage costs e.g. cost of training, medical benefits, staff welfare and statutory levies on payroll. Data on

labour cost are available from the biennial Survey on Labour Cost.

Labour Productivity

Source

Department of Statistics, Ministry of Trade and Industry


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Labour Market, 2010

Cost Indices

Source

Department of Statistics, Ministry of Trade and Industry


Unit labour costis defined as the total labour cost per unit of real output. Total labour cost comprises wages

and salaries, benefits, CPF contributions by employers, foreign workers levy and skill development levy.

Unit business cost is defined as the cost of producing one unit of real output. The main components for

business cost are labour cost, services cost and government rates and fees.

The indices for both unit labour cost and unit business cost measure the relative costs with respect to a base

year (2000 = 100).


The unit labour cost index takes into account both the cost and productivity of workers. As the cost of production

is also dependent on other business cost such as land/rental cost and government rates and fees, the unit

business cost index gives a fuller measure on the impact of the various inputs that affect cost competitiveness.

Both cost indices are used to measure the changing cost competitiveness of a country.


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Labour Market, 2010

Reliability of Data

In a sample survey, inferences about the target population are drawn from the data collected from the sample.

Errors due to extension of the conclusions based on one sample to the entire population are known as sampling

errors. The sampling error of an estimate is the difference between the estimated value obtained from a sample

and the actual value from the population. Factors influencing the sampling error include the sample size, the

sample design, method of estimation, the variability of the population and the characteristics studied.

The most common measure of the sampling error of an estimate is its standard error, which is a measure of the

variation among the estimates derived from all possible samples. An alternative measure is the relative standard

error of an estimate which indicates the standard error relative to the magnitude of the estimate. A sample

estimate and an estimate of its standard error can be used to construct an interval that will, at specified levels of

confidence, include the actual value. About 68, 95 and 99 per cent of estimates from all possible samples will fall

within the interval defined by one, two or three standard errors respectively on either side of the estimate.

By statistical convention, the confidence level has been set at 95 per cent.

Estimates of the sampling variability of selected indicators are as follows:

Reference

PeriodEstimate

Standard

Error

Relative

Standard

Error (%)

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Upper

UNEMPLOYMENT

Number of Unemployed Residents Dec 10 57,400 2,700 4.8 52,100 62,800

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