Sin eng-10 - clean & tidy

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Raffles Institution

Year 2 Research Education

Design For Change School Challenge 2011

Team Leader: Team Members:

Teacher-Mentor: Mr Leon Lai

Tommy Ong (2I) Eric Zhao (2I) Benedict Ng (2I) Deng Jinyang (2I)

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Acknowledgement We would like to express our gratitude to all those who gave me the possibility to complete this research. Firstly, we would like to thank Mr Sarkkunan, without whose support the interview would not have been possible. We are deeply indebted to our teacher-mentor, Mr. Leon Lai, from Philosophy Department, whose help, stimulating suggestions and encouragement had helped us in all the time of research for and writing of report by looking every piece of our work carefully as well as correcting both English style and grammar, at the same time offering precious suggestions for improvement. We are also bound to thank the Year Ones whose unwavering support had helped us to make our implementation of plans a success and most certainly our former RE classmates supported us in our research work. We want to thank them for all their help, support, interest and valuable hints. Especially, we would like to give our special thanks to our parents whose patience and understanding with us as we worked long hours into the night was very helpful.

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Table of contents

1. Introduction 1.1 – Context 4 1.2 – Objectives 4 1.3 - Why Design For Change? 5

2. Background research 7

3. Preparation for Action Week

3.1 - Work Allocation 8 3.2 - Target Group 8 3.3 - Observation of Classrooms 8 3.4 - Social Survey 10 3.5 - Interview 13 3.6 – Analysis of Results 14

4. Our Action Week 16

5. Reflections 5.1 - Our Learning Journey 21 5.2 - Our Thoughts 21

6. Bibliography 24

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Section 1: Introduction

1.1 Context of our Design For Change Project When we are still brainstorming the theme of focus for the project, we observed that many classrooms we had entered are very dirty, with a lot rubbish like tissue papers, erasers, empty discarded plastic bottles (mostly for isotonic drinks), sweet wrappers, etc. Upon closer inspection, there is a general trend that most of these rubbish are related to food and drinks, although they are banned in class. Nevertheless, the dirty state of the classroom are not due to the cleaners not cleaning the classrooms or whatsoever—the cleaners clean every classroom at least one everyday. That, it can only be explained that the students are not taking good care of their classrooms at all, and that’s why they litter all over the classroom. This problem poses an obstruction to learning. Due to the fact that every classroom is air-conditioned, its doors has to be closed, allowing little or no air-ventilation. Thus, the smell from certain discarded rubbish gets trapped in the classroom. Sometimes, the smell remains in the classroom for more than 8 months. This smell often hinders the students’ learning process by distracting the students away from the lesson. One example is that the classroom we go for Research Education has a durian smell, which some of us find unacceptable, and thus are often distracted from concentrating on the teacher’s instructions. Besides, certain teachers want a clean classroom before start teaching. As a result, certain periods of the lesson time has to be allocated into cleaning the classrooms. Whereas the lesson time is fixed, the time for the actual impart of knowledge from teachers to their students is greatly reduced, hence limiting the amount of knowledge the students can receive. We find this problem of students littering too much rubbish in their classrooms with many disadvantages and thus, disturbing. That is why we want to make a change, a difference, an improvement. 1.2 Objective of Design For Change As a RE group whose theme is Design For Change, we wanted to abolish the conditions stated above and thus provide, a more condusive learning environment for the students, which does not hinder their process of learning. The best solution to this is none other than a one which solve the root cause: Students not taking care their classrooms. And that’s to ingratiate a sense of belonging to the their classrooms into the students. Thus they would automatically stop littering and take care of their classrooms’ cleanliness, hence the tendency for students to litter is greatly reduced. The proposed solution is to let the students clean their own classrooms during Protected Interaction Time so as to achieve our goal of bonding the students with their own

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classrooms. Nevertheless, some students may object to this idea since they may be lazy to do cleaning themselves. However, in the long run, they will start having the idea of themselves having to take care of their classrooms so that they do not have to labor so hard while cleaning their classrooms. But, in an even longer run, the students will start loving their classrooms, treat it as if it is their second home and begin taking care of it by not littering. Besides, this activity would also help to further the bond between the class, lessen the cleaners’ burden, nurture a sense of responsibility in students, but these are not the main point yet. In this project, we want to keep the area of focus small, by just carrying this activity out in one to two Year One classes, (which are selected upon the extent of their classrooms being dirty, the two most dirty classes would be selected)based on the following reasons: 1) PIT is just twice per week, and the group has only four members, thus two is the most appropriate number to observe each class, hence only a most of 2 classes can carry out this activity. 2) Currently, Year One will have the longest time to stay in RI, thus the benefit is stretched to the biggest extent. 3) Assumption: Since Year One is the youngest students in school, they should be the group which is the easiest to be changed. 4) To maximise the benefits of this project, the two most dirty classes have to be selected to be changed. 1.3 Why Design For Change? Many people have asked our group, the reason for which we have chosen to do DFC. It seems perfectly commonsensical for one to choose a RE project which makes our life easy. Why would we want to choose such a project and put ourselves through the hardship of having to implement social change? In many people’s eyes, 14-years-old children do not exactly seem to be the best candidates to help improve social issues. Less so, if they are Singaporeans. Even less so, if they are Rafflesians. This is because many people, including Singaporeans ourselves have a notion that children are too pampered and thus cannot take any hardship. Therefore, we are not normally seen as people who would choose a social change project. What they don't know, is that dreams are magic. They allow our spirits to shine, and they reflect our uniqueness and authenticity. As we grow and mature, we are inundated by the ideology of people that call for us to get our heads out of the clouds and come down to earth and that ask us to stop dreaming dreams simply because they will never come true. Sometimes these voices come from others, and sometimes they come from ourselves from our maturity. Our maturity comes at a price; we underestimate the power and possibility that life is the act of dreaming what can be and that we all have to do the work it takes to make our dreams a reality. What they don't know, is that social change is not really that hard if we put our hearts to it. It is all in our hands, all it takes are our hands to start the ball rolling. It is only our heart and our mind stopping us. Never fear anything which seems impossible, because dreams guide us to do things which we are passionate about.

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The day we decided to embark on this project was the day we let our dreams take flight. Our dream might be small, literally small-scale, but we hope to touch the RI Batch of 2014 with our humble dream. inspired by [ (Magsamen, 2009)]

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2. Background Research - Credibility In Singapore, education takes up a large part of our childhood and youth. From the tender age of 6 to a young adult of 18 or 19, we learn. we learn in our schools, being taught by our teachers and being led the way. And the area in which our learning is carried out is our classrooms. Of course, our classroom cleanliness is essential for a more cohesive learning experience. On February 16 2011, The Procter & Gamble Company released a survey carried out by them, where they surveyed 1000 teachers. Out of these 1000 teachers, 94% believed that students learn better in cleaner environments. (CINCINNATI, 2011) Evidently, teachers also place a great emphasis on the teaching environment around them. In the same survey, 51% of teachers report avoiding certain in-class activities as they are scared of the clean-ups. This would severely impact the interactive learning of students. (CINCINNATI, 2011) As we can see from the above evidence, our classroom environment is extremely important for our learning and development. The fact that Raffles Institution is a premier institution in Singapore makes it all the more important that we uphold a certain high standard of cleanliness in our classrooms to facilitate learning. We often rely on the school’s cleaners to clean our classrooms for us, but we believe that it is time for the student body to step up and take responsibility for their own classroom and indirectly, their learning. After we decided to focus on the cleanliness of classrooms, we decided to narrow our scope down to the Year 1s as they are new to the school. We stayed back after school for a few afternoons and checked out their classrooms before the cleaners came in. To our dismay, their chairs were in utter disarray and litter was strewn all over the floor. Pieces of paper had imprints of feet all over them. What was needed to clear the mess was just for one person to take an effort to pick up these paper and throw them away in the dustbin. As such, we set about brainstorming ways in which we could educate the value of classroom cleanliness in Year 1s. One idea that we came up with was that the classrooms remain uncleaned for a whole week and at the end of that week, we allow the students to clean up their own classrooms. In this way, we could allow the students to experience learning in a dirty classroom and from that experience, learn the importance of maintaining the cleanliness of their classrooms. We got this solution because we wanted to instill a sense of responsibility in the students and even after our Design For Change project was over, such simple actions could continue on the classes’ own accord. Even if we have only impacted a few classes, we have still made a change, one small step at a time.

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3. Preparation for Action Week – Methodology 3.1 Work allocation Benedict and Tommy did background research on the topic to give us a general foundation to base our project on. Every group member was involved in coming up with the interview and survey questions. Eric took the photos of the classrooms for both year one classes and our own class, as well as sending out and interpreting the interview. Jinyang and Tommy gave out the survey forms. 3.2 Target group We could only pick out a few classes to conduct our project on, since we could not possibly extend our project to every single class due to manpower and time constraints. With only four people and seven days, we eventually decided to select three classes from the year ones cohort aside from our class to focus on. We decided to spend one day to give out leaflets to year one classes, three days to improve our own class’s awareness and effort towards keeping our classroom clean, and the remaining three days to talk to three different year one classes on keeping the classroom clean. 3.3 Observation of classrooms Photos of year 1 classrooms were taken to see which classes were the least clean and tidy. Photos were taken from all 15 year one classes and were then compared to see which were the least clean and tidy. Although this may not be a hundred percent accurate, it was a fair representation of a classroom and we used the information to pick out the three target year one classes. We only took one or two photos of each classroom, and they do not show every piece of litter or disorganized tables and chairs, but rather only the angle that could capture the most problems was chosen and the pictures were taken this way. On the next page are actual photos taken of the three classes, 1F, 1I and 1K:

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There was paper lying on the floor of class 1F. There were also other items found lying around (photos below only show some areas):

In class 1I, the tables were quite messy and the photo shows a PE shirt, an empty file on the floor and others(photo does not show other small objects):

In class 1K, there were objects in the middle of the classroom.

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3.4 Social Survey Our team conducted a social survey on RI students to find out the perception of RI students towards their own classrooms and how it could be improved best. Respondents between year 1 and two were asked on their personal opinions on the state of their classrooms, how it affected them personally, their degree of reliance on school cleaners, their opinions on school cleaners cleaning up their classrooms as well as how they felt the situation could be improved. The survey was designed to help us develop plans for our poster for Action Week as well as how we would try to persuade the students in our scope to keep their classrooms clean and tidy. Our actual survey form is on the next page.

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Raffles Institution Research Education

We are students from class 2I and we are doing a project to investigate the

condition and possible improvements of cleanliness in classrooms. Your responses will help us understand the students’ perception of classroom

cleanliness in RI and how it can be improved best. Which class are you from? _____ On a scale of 1 to 5, how clean and neat do you perceive your classroom to be? (1 being very dirty and messy and 5 being very neat and tidy) ___ Do any of your classmates consume any of the following in class? (You may tick in more than one box)

Food (from canteen) Food (from home) Sweetened drinks bought from canteen Sweetened drinks brought from home.

If you have ticked two or more boxes, then which kind of food is consumed with the highest frequency? ___________________ In your opinion, which kind of consumed food (Snacks, sandwiches, sweets etc) is causing the greatest problem to the maintenance of classroom cleanliness? ___________________ How much are you affected when your classroom is unclean? (1 being not affected at all and 5 feeling extremely uncomfortable) ___ Do you think a clean classroom is important as a learning environment? (1 being not important at all and 5 being very important)

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Do you think the school is doing enough to ensure that our classrooms are clean?

Yes No Neutral In your opinion, do you feel that our cleaners are doing a good job in cleaning up our classrooms?

Yes No Neutral Which of the following activities do you think would be the most effective in improving the state of classrooms?

Students briefly cleaning classrooms once a week Students briefly cleaning their classrooms twice a week Having a competition for the cleanest class

What suggestions do you have to improve the cleanliness of classrooms? (This is an open-ended question) ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

Thank you for your patience in answering this questionnaire. Your responses are greatly appreciated.

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3.5 Interview In order to hear about teachers’ opinions on classroom cleanliness, we conducted an interview with Mr Sarkkunan, a teacher currently teaching in RI. Mr Sarkkunan teaches physical education, which is conducted outside the classroom, but he also conducts lesson in class in his other roles and his duty as the form teacher of a year 1 class. This can suitably reflect the opinions of teachers in Raffles Institution on the state of classrooms, especially a PE teacher who would usually be more active in engaging students and therefore would better understand the psychology of students. Our group asked Mr Sarkkunan about how he felt about the level of cleanliness of RI classrooms and how important he felt a clean and tidy learning environment was. We also asked him for suggestions as to how to improve the state of classrooms as well as how the year 1 students might respond to our campaign.

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3.6 Analysis of results Social Survey Our social survey yielded some important results. Firstly, we realised that different students had very different interpretations of their own classroom, even though they were from the same class. The students were also affected by varying degrees by their classroom environment. We could thus infer that there are a wide range of attitudes across students in a class, and thus those who care less about classroom cleanliness and tidyness or who are more accustomed to a dirty and untidy classroom do less to take care of their classroom. This, however, has an impact on the many who are affected greatly by the level of tidyness and cleanliness of their classroom. This difference in opinion is thus a problem that should be solved. We found out that food brought from home was the most common food consumed in the classroom, followed by food brought from the canteen. Also, we found out that students feel that the school cleaners are doing a good job while not keeping the classroom clean themselves. This is a sign of overreliance on cleaners. Finally, equal and large numbers of our repondents answered that they felt that spending a short amount of time during PIT (Protected Interaction Time) for cleaning up classrooms once or twice a week was the most effective way of keeping classrooms clean. Very few respondents felt that a competition for the best class would be effective. Therefore, time should be spared for such cleaning.

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Interview Mr Sarkkunan, like most students, found the classrooms acceptable after cleaners clean it. However, cleaners can only clean up the classrooms thoroughly about once in a week. Also, he feels that relying on cleaners to maintain classrooms leads to a habit of laziness and reliance on others, as well as causing the classrooms to be untidy with litter lying around on days when cleaners do not clean the classroms. The interviewee also said that the level of cleanliness and tidyness of a classroom does indeed affect his teaching. He says that different people have different degrees of dislike towards a dirty and messy learning environment. This compliments our survey results. On the issue of why students are not taking proper care of their classrooms, Mr Sarkkunan explained that many children have others to pick up their litter after them at home, thus making them lazy. Reliance on cleaners is also a reason for such laziness. When asked whether banning students from bringing food out of the canteen would be effective in improving classroom cleanliness, Mr Sarkkunan replied that it would only have an impact to a limited extent, and that more important factors include keeping things organised under and on their desks and the teacher’s table. He also mentioned that a competition would not be effective because the enthusiastic classes would outshadow the other classes, and the other classes would be disengaged, such that the campaign would only reach out to better classes, which have less of a problem in the first place. This led to us deciding not to have a competition for the best class. Overall, Mr Sarkkunan brought out two main points. Firstly, laziness and reliance on others was a large reason why students are unwilling to keep their classes clean, and secondly, we must try to initiate in the students a habit of taking responsibility for their classrooms.

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Our action week-Time for action Our action week consists of seven disjoint days during which we got our own class, 2I to clean up our classroom, after which we used it as an example to extend it to 3 year 1 classes as well. However, our action plan has not yet been carried out completely on the day of completion of this report. This is due to unforeseen obstacles that either prevented us from carrying out our action plan or made carrying out our plans meaningless. The details of each day’s action plan in the original plan is as follows. Where the tasks were unable to be completed, the words in red explain why, and where applicable describes the actual happenings and the date on which they happened. Day 1- Tuesday 2/8 We put up A4 leaflets to 3 classes, 1F, 1I and 1K, in order to encourage them to clean up their classrooms. This was to try to persuade them that it is important to take proper care of their classrooms. The leaflet included pictures that had been taken of their classrooms a week before. Later on, we will return to their classrooms to see if there is an improvement in the upkeep of the classroom. A sample of a leaflet, in this case the leaflet given out to class 1I, as on the next page.

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Hey class of 1I,

At the end of Monday your class looked like this:

Not bad, of course not perfect…

Please take better care of your classroom!

It’s not just you. Many people use this classroom-yourself, your classmates, as well as all your teachers. Even if you don’t care, a dirty and untidy classroom affects your other classmates, as well as your teachers. So play your part to keep your learning environment as good as possible for everyone. So after your last lesson, make an effort to pick up whatever litter there is left on the floor and keep your tables tidy. It makes the cleaner’s life easier too. Don’t be messy and dirty like a stray cat…

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Day 2- Thursday 11/8 After the last lesson, our group intended to call for the class to stay back. We wanted to tell them the importance of cleaning up and tidying up their own classroom to try to keep them in class for five minutes to pick up litter and tidy up their tables. This will be easier in our class than in other classes because we are familiar with our own classmates and therefore the class would be more likely to listen to us. However, there turned out to be a meeting for a small group of classmates after school. This disrupted our group’s initial plan. However, we managed to get the small group of students to pick up visible litter and tidy up the chairs and tables before leaving the classroom. Therefore it turned out not to be a failure although the plan had to be changed at the last minute. Because of an after-class meeting, it was not possible to ask students to pick up their litter. Also, the meeting meant that if we asked the students to stay back, we would be causing a disturbance. Also, we realized that it was impractical to get the class to stay back because some were busy, and most litter would be cleared up in a short time anyway. Therefore, we decided to only give a short speech on the last day of the three days of asking the class to maintain the classroom before leaving. This day’s event was pushed back to 15/8. On 15/8, we briefly, for only about five minutes, tried to get people to pick up litter and arrange the tables before leaving. We tried a variety of approaches. First, we tried to shout the message to the class. Some, but not many, responded. We then tried to engage individuals by persuading them personally. This worked to a certain extent, but reduced our scope. Finally, we tried to lead by example and see if others would follow. However, again, only a few did, although we indeed managed to improve the state of the classroom a fair amount with our own effort. With this result, we reflected and decided that the next time we carried out this plan, we would write the message of picking up litter and tidying the classroom on the whiteboard during recess or lunch so that our classmates will get the message and hopefully more will respond when we call for it. Day 3- Monday 15/8 After the last lesson, we will get our own class to pick up litter and tidy up the tables after the last class ended for the day. We will attempt to educate our class about the importance of keeping the classroom clean and tidy. The process and the state of the classroom can be documented through photos. This had to be postponed to term 4. This is because this was pushed back to Wednesday, and on Wednesday due to a surprise arrangement of lessons and programmes, the class was dismissed outside of the classroom. It was also not possible to ask the class to pick up the litter before going to the lecture theatre because the class had to rush in order not to be late.

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We wanted badly to finish this plan by 26/8. However, due to reasons we do not know, the cleaner would come into our classroom and do a brief clean-up near the end of the last period for the whole of the week 22/8 to 26/8. This does not happen in other days. Therefore it did not make sense to ask the class to pick u p litter, and we only asked them to tidy their tables. Since the tables were rather tidy, we do not consider this day to be an ―action day‖ and we have to push it back to term 4. Day 4- Wednesday 17/8 As with the previous day, we will hold the class back a short while after the last class after school. In addition, we will tell our classmates that although we will not ask them to stay back to take care of their classroom any more, they should still be responsible for their classroom. This debrief will make this day’s action plan slightly longer than the previous session. This will also be done in term 4. Day 5- Friday 19/8 After seeking permission from the form teacher of the class, we will speak to the students of class 1F during their Protected Interaction Time. We will use what we have gathered from our survey and interview to find the best method to persuade students to take responsibility for the upkeep for their classrooms. We will remind them that although some people do not care about a dirty and untidy classroom, there are also many who feel bad learning in a poorly maintained environment. We also told them that teachers are also affected by the level of cleanliness in a classroom. Finally, we will tell the class that it is good to develop a habit of responsibility for their classroom and that they should not be lazy. We will use our class as an example of how a class can keep its classroom clean. Hopefully, our example can let the students see that they too can improve the state of their classrooms. On Friday, we were not given permission by our form teacher, Ms Huang Yuting, to leave the class during PIT for our task. Therefore, it had to be pushed to the following Wednesday, 24/8. Yet on Wednesday, we were forced to do a current affairs quiz, which delayed our time such that we had only less than ten minutes to give our speech. We went to the classes we wanted to give our speech to, only to find that in both teachers, the form teacher was not inside. We therefore could not wait for them and had no choice but to leave. We will therefore be giving our speech for 1K on Monday 29/8, as planned with their form teacher. Day 6- Wednesday 24/8 With permission, we will also speak to the students of class 1I during the Protected Interaction Time. We will carry out the same procedure as Friday 19/8.

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However, we will also use our experiences from 19/8 to help us better engage the class. Between then and 19/8, we will also continue to observe the state of 1F’s classroom. The speech for 1F will be given on Wednesday 31/8. Day 7- Friday 26/8 Finally, on Friday 26/8, we will persuade the last class, 1K, to take responsibility for the upkeep of their classroom. Our group will observe the impact of the leaflets and speeches on all 3 classes and do a final evaluation of the effectiveness of our project. After that, we will put up a final set of leaflets in the class to encourage them not just to take care of their classrooms on one day, but on every single day. The speech for 1I will be given in term 4.

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Section 5: Reflections

5.1 Our Learning Journey ―It has been my philosophy of life that difficulties vanish when faced boldly.‖ Isaac Asimov Throughout the course of this learning journey, we were faced with many difficulties but at the same time, we learnt many valuable lessons. Just like Asimov, we were faced with many difficulties throughout the phase of our project. Indeed, our learning journey was not exactly smooth sailing, and we were challenged to overcome many of the difficulties which came our way. We set many targets for ourselves, but yet, we were not able to meet them due to several reasons. In our timeline, our deadlines to finish certain tasks was barely met as we had too few meetings and all of us overestimated the time that we had on our hands. 5.2 Our Thoughts Not everything we have done has been exactly successful, we have had many obstacles in our way, but we never gave up, simply because we believed that we could do it. Our initial purpose was to make a change in our school’s cleanliness of classrooms, and even though we had to scale down our size, our group is very sure that future batches which choose to make a change in society by choosing DFC as RE would find our project useful and they can actually use this (our report and our research) as a foundation for their very own DFC and thus be able to improve on the many limitations of our projects. These limitations have manifested themselves in many parts of our projects, and we have tried our best to minimise these but however it is impossible for us to make DFC a perfect project, because perfection simply does not exist in social change projects. Firstly, we have not had the privilege of a truly random sampling, and this is largely because we did not really know many people in the Year 1 Batch and we reasoned that people we did not know would not want to do our survey simply because it was a waste of time. As such, we only distributed the surveys to people we know who might or might not have similar viewpoints which would then undermine our survey results and our analysis. Secondly, it could be said that we lacked enthusiasm. Enthusiasm is an essential part of social change and it is because of this that we have to scale down on our project. Enthusiasm is often underestimated in projects, and some members did not display this trait and because of this, we found things much harder, we found communication lacking, and this was clearly a large limitation on our part,

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something which we caused ourselves. This then undermined many parts of our projects and it is only in the later part in the process of our project that we pulled ourselves together and managed to finish the whole project.

Thirdly, only one person was interviewed, so the perspectives that we could obtain was limited and possibly even biased or one-sided. This was mainly due to the fact that many teachers are busy and rejected our requests for an interview. However, this could also possibly be interpreted as the teachers becoming busier as the End-year Exams draw closer. It was also because of the lack of time we had to search for suitable interviewees and conduct the interview as at many times, group members could not make it for an interview. If there was more time for the project, two or maybe even more teachers could have been interviewed to get different perspectives from people who have taught different students. However, we have had our strengths too. One of the strengths of our project is that the results can be applied directly to into the context of schools in Singapore. We found out the opinions of people of litter in their classrooms and primary causes of them, and also asked respondents for improvements that could be made. This direct question is relevant to students and schools in Singapore. We also found out which items people usually consumed in class, allowing the school to consider lee-ways to consume such food in class, or even make the rules stricter so as to enforce discipline. Another strength in our methodology is the cross-comparison of results. We interviewed a teacher (Mr Sarkkunan) and compared it with the survey findings to make sure that the results corresponded with each other. The interview was also used for the survey results to be more useful. The analysis which eventually result was clear and simple. Certainly, just as any other social change project, we faced several challenges which tested our tenacity. Firstly, we lacked time, more of which would have allowed us conduct a more comprehensive survey involving more people, which would have made our survey results more reliable and allowing the analysis to be more in-depth and in so doing, allow us to derive more information on the mentality and views of Year 1 Rafflesians. Secondly, the scale of our project was quite small so few classes were involved. If the scale of our project was bigger, we would have been able to see the difference between classes and thus see how different people in different environments do things (eg. cleaner classrooms having more enthusiasm in cleaning up and seeing less enthusiasm in dirtier classrooms). This would have certainly helped in many parts with our analysis for our Action Week. We have learnt many lessons in the course of this project. We were also able to discover many part of our inner selves and our personalities through this project.

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We discovered that even as we ourselves are Rafflesians, we are not perfect (as many expect us to be) and we have many flaws. One of them is that we lack enthusiasm for service learning. We were not fully committed to our project and did not put in our full passion for it. We ended up having to scale down on our project, which was originally a fairly big scale. As such, our thinking has grown and has affected our perspectives. We have learnt to be more responsible and to take charge of our own project because unlike in primary school, we have to become more independent and do more things on our own. However, much as the act of social change is exciting, our enthusiasm is hindered by the busy lifestyles which Raffles imposes on its students. Thus, we find it hard to continue social change as all of us are kept extremely busy. In the future, the school could then adopt our project to make it a schoolwide activity, so we would be able to lessen the burden of our cleaners. Our cleaners are often taken for granted and the work they do is overlooked. As Rafflesians, as Thinkers, Leaders, Pioneers, the least we could do is to start by caring for people around us, and this would be a good place to start. Starting from the basics. The issues which remain is the enthusiasm of the students. However, this could be solved if we implement this project continually. Rafflesians would adapt and eventually get used to it, and look upon it as a weekly activity as part of their lives in Raffles Institution. Eventually, looking at this issue from a wider perspective - one could see that if every student cultivated this habit, we could teach the students to be responsible and take ownership for what they do. This would allow the school to cut costs in hiring cleaners and direct this money to other avenues where it would be better use. Simply to say, this is killing two birds with one stone.

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6. Bibilography - Inspirations

Bibliography CINCINNATI. (2011, February 15). PG.com news release. Retrieved from PG.com :

http://www.pginvestor.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=104574&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1528931

Magsamen, S. (2009, September 11). Oprah.com. Retrieved from Oprah.com:

http://www.oprah.com/spirit/Dream-It-Believe-It-Be-It/1