Sin Cities, 1870-1910 I. Urban context A. Immigrants B. Urbanization C. Poverty II. Crime A. Gambling B. Alcohol C. Prostitution D. Violence III. Problems with Government A. Corruption B. Incapacity IV. Progressivism A. Roots B. Values C. Broader Goals V. Results A. Reforms B. Resentments
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Sin Cities, 1870-1910 I.Urban context A.Immigrants B.Urbanization C.Poverty II.Crime A.Gambling B.Alcohol C.Prostitution D.Violence III.Problems with Government.
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Sin Cities, 1870-1910I. Urban context
A. ImmigrantsB. UrbanizationC. Poverty
II. CrimeA. GamblingB. AlcoholC. ProstitutionD. Violence
III. Problems with GovernmentA. CorruptionB. Incapacity
IV. ProgressivismA. RootsB. ValuesC. Broader Goals
V. ResultsA. ReformsB. Resentments
Immigration• 13 M people of
foreign stock in Chicago
• 587,112 foreign born
Nationalities at Duquesne Steel Mill, 1919
Urbanization• Americans living
in city over 10,000 pop. – 1820-- 5%– 1900-- 20%– 1920-- 50%
• Big Cities1870 - 1910– NYC grows
from 1M to 4.7M
– Chicago grows from 298K to 2.1M
PovertyJacob Riis,
How the Other Half Lives (1890)– 1/3 of NYC
took some charity during the previous decade
– In 1889, the city arrested 612 persistent beggars.
Vice• Six million
go to racetracks in 1905; bookies earn $15.5M
• Chicago (1910): 1,000 brothels, 4,000 prostitutes, $60M in annual revenue
Denver Saloon with prostitutes, 1895
Gang Violence
Year Population Murders
1900 1,698,575 1021910 2,185,283
201
• Lee “Stack” Shelton
• William “Billy the Bully” Lyons
Bandit’s Roost, NYC, 1888
Corrupt Governme
nt
• Hinky Dink Kenna
• Bathhouse John Coughlin
Incapacity
• Incompetent justices of the peace
• Overburdened criminal courts
• Antiquated city charters
Chicago police court, 1903
Progressives
Illinois State Bar Association, Chicago 1909
• Professionals
• Women
• Old elite– Ministers
Values
• Moral reform– Whose morals?
• Honest government
• Efficiency
• ScienceWomen’s Christian Temperance Union
The Causes of
Crime
• Immorality• Poverty• Heredity• Bad government
African Methodist Episcopal Church Review, 1906
Reforms
• Civil Service• Investigation• New Institutions• New Personnel• Federalization