Simultaneously Leveraging Linux and Android in a GENIVI compliant IVI System

mentor.com/embeddedAndroid is a trademark of Google Inc. Use of this trademark is subject to Google Permissions.

Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries.

Embedded World Session 22

Simultaneously LeveragingLinux and Androidin Automotive IVI

Andrew PattersonBusiness Development DirectorMentor Graphics Ltd

What goes into an IVI system?

DeviceDrivers

Middleware/Libraries / Services

Applications

Proprietary OS

Technology Evolution

• 300,000 new cars and trucks would be sold in the United States this year with no CD player

• Expected to grow to 15.9 million in 2019.

• Large population of older people who don’t want to give up their CD players : Change takes time

Hi-Fi Stereo8-Track Tapes

Circa 1970

Bring in the New, Exit the Old

Paired Device 2013

John Canali - senior analyst at Strategy Analytics,

Where are the influences ?

• Android : Dominant in consumer electronics mobile devices• Automotive Standardization : Reduce costs, share non-

differentiating technology• Technology & Value : More innovation for less money

In the first 6 months of 2012 Android downloaded onto681,900 separate devices in 195 different countries

IVI Trends in Telematics : Need Linux & Android

Collision Notification Insurance Stolen Vehicle In-car services, concierge, streaming Eco-driving services Real-time Cloud data : Traffic, Weather, Road ahead Car-Car communication Driverless car Diagnostics and servicing

Consumer Electronics Influence …

■ The SmartPhone Revolution■ 3 out of 4 Smart Phones sold are Android■ Apple & Samsung account for 83% of

market■ Platform Refresh every 6 months

■ The Car is becoming a Consumer Electronic Product

■ Lifecycles— Consumer Electronics : 6 months— Automotive : 10 years?

Choices and Design Options

Consumers demand choice..

Infotainment Design Choices :

• Hardware Platform• Operating System• Architecture• Applications and App management• Phone / Internet Connectivity

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

%

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

QNXMicrosoftGeniviAndroidOthers

Others include other Linux platforms

Copyright © 2012 IHS Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Linux to Obtain 30% IVI Market Share in 2018

Operating Systems

OS For Against

Win CE widely Established

License cost ?

Many open source variants / GENIVI / flexible platform

Development effort

Widely accepted in Mobile / CE, open source

Managed by Google, adaptation effort

Highly tuned / good control over functions by OEM/Tier 1

Cost of development and run-time, maintenance, development cycle

Proprietary OSCommercial

Platform Options / GENIVI OS Choices

  GENIVI 3.0 GENIVI 2.0 GENIVI 1.0Accenture ARM Cortex-A9 (TI OMAP 4460)

Intel® Atom™(Intel® Atom™ ) (Intel® Atom™ )

MontaVista(Mentor)

Renesas R-car H1 reference board Boundary Devices Sabre-lite board

Renesas R-Car H1 (Marzen)Freescale i.MX6q Sabre-liteFreescale i.MX53 SabreFreescale i.MX53 QSBIntel Atom Crossville

Renesas R-Car M1Freescale SABRE i.MX53Freescale i.MX6q Sabre-liteTexas Instruments JacintoIntel Atom Crossville

Wind River (i.MX6 Sabre Lite) Renesas R car M1A BOCK-WTexas Instruments Jacinto 5 EVMFreescale i.MX6 Sabre LiteRenesas R car E1 – Silverstone

(Intel® Atom™ ), (ARM Cortex-A8)

Mentor (i.MX6 Sabre Lite) Intel Atom Crossville(i.MX6 Sabre Lite)

Intel Atom CrossvilleFreescale i.MX6q

 Silicon Available :

• Multi core CPUS• High performance GPU• Peripherals : USB, WiFi, etc

Courtesy : GENIVI 2012

Driver and Passenger needs

Driver• Navigation• Radio / Media Player• Concierge Services• Phone• Real-time travel information

Passengers• Social Media• Streamed Services• Web Browsing• Android Apps

Courtesy : Volvo Car

mentor.com/embeddedAndroid is a trademark of Google Inc. Use of this trademark is subject to Google Permissions.

Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries.

The case for Linux in Infotainment

Why Move to Linux ?

Proprietary 1st generation automotive IVI operating systems are getting expensive to maintain and scale up

Linux is an Industry standard Facebook, Amazon, Twitter all Linux servers Android has a Linux Kernel

Wide choice of hardware platforms (SoC) SoC vendors increasingly “do Linux first”

Several Automotive Linux options GENIVI well established AGL (Automotive Grade Linux) ?

Linux in numbers

2010 2011 2012

1 Ubuntu Linux MINT Linux MINT

2 Fedora Ubuntu Mageia

3 Linux MINT Fedora Ubuntu

4 openSUSE openSUSE Fedora

5 PCLinuxOS Debian openSUSE

6 Debian Arch Linux Debian

7 Mandriva PCLinuxOS Arch Linux

8 Sabayon CentOS PCLinuxOS

9 Arch Linux Puppy Linux CentOS

Popularity rankings for Linux (by community access)

Where does GENIVI fit ?

• Open Source Linux software platform for Infotainment Systems Developers

• Goals :

– Reduce Costs

– Make Tier 1 development more transparent

– Contributions from many expert sources

• 170 Corporate Members• Many projects underway

GENIVI is a partial solution for OEMs

Open SourceMigration to Linux

PowerfulSoC

Multi-ModeUser Inputs

Android Support

ConnectedCar

FunctionConsolidation

HMIPerformance

Picture : Courtesy GENIVI org

Mentor GENIVI 3.0 Linux

17

OS kernel, drivers and libraries

ARM A9 Freescale Sabre, SabreLite

Audio Graphics Multimedia Speech• ALSA• PulseAudio• AudioManager

• X.Org                  • GENIVI Layer

Management• Chromium / Webkit

• GStreamer• GStreamer good,

base plugins• tracker

• festival• pocketsphinx

Connectivity

PackageManagement

Security System InfrastructureSystem Infrastructure

• d-bus• sqlite• qt-core• fuse• gettext

• quota• udev• usb-utils• libmtp• ...

Networking

• dhcp• libcurl• nfs-utils• ntp

• wireless tools• Wpa-supplicant• ConnMan• BlueZ

ExternalAccess

• lighttpd• lighttpd-mod-webdav

• ecryptfs-utils• gnupg2• openssl

CE-deviceCE-device

• cedevicemanager

• opkg

Linux Linux drivers GNU libc

Positioning• gypsy

Personal Information Management

• SyncEvolution

mentor.com/embeddedAndroid is a trademark of Google Inc. Use of this trademark is subject to Google Permissions.

Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries.

Android in IVI

In-Vehicle Android

Options• Native

• Android operating system on “bare metal”

• Parallel Domain• Android running as a parallel

operating system

• Virtual Domain, Container

• Tethered• Linked in via mobile phone

Arguments For Android

Acceptance in CE 850,000 new devices daily Over 700,000 Apps (Oct 2012) 6 billion total downloads

Car features Android “Car Mode” routes all audio to speaker Hands-Free support

Other selling points Familiar UI for users Development kits & community Automotive apps peripheral support

Top 6 Automotive Android Apps

App Description

Radaroid Radaroid shows you a map which will provide locations of places where there might be a speed camera installed

GPS HUD provide you the exact location and the speed that you are travelling at. Also, the same will be reflected in the display which can be cleverly reflected on the windscreen. Thus giving you a feel of using an HUD

Carr Matey In case you have forgotten the location where you have parked your car,

Drive Carefully

this app and it will read your messages and e-mails to you.

Geo Reader

Keep yourself and others entertained by some general knowledge about that place by using this app.

Android Challenges

Roadmap managed by Google Updates to OS / App compatibility OS fragmentation and distribution MultiMedia IVI

Audio Routing Video Layers

Security ?

Beyond Apps

Security Concerns Apps may provide gateway for

hackers / attacks May compromise / interfere with

operation of other vehicle functions

Management Which Apps are authorized? Some Auto OEMs will set up Apps

Stores

Renault R-Link Apps Store

Renault R-Link

Tethered Smart Phone

“Thin Client” on IVI head unit

Approved Apps only Internet

Connectivity Quick Android

Integration

IVIStackEntertainment

Mobile Office

Networking

Navigation

Telephony

Cloud

Speech Engine

Audio

Car Connectivity Consortium

Standard “recipes” for Smart Phone tethering Universal Plug and Play (UPnP™) is used for controlled

access to applications Virtual Network Computing (VNC™) replicates the

phone's display on the navigation screen and communicate user inputs back to the phone.

80 members 70% market share in vehicles 60% market share in smart phones.

Built-in support Samsung Galaxy III, Nokia, …

Only 34% of consumers would be willing to pay for Apps in the car (IMS Jan 2013)

mentor.com/embeddedAndroid is a trademark of Google Inc. Use of this trademark is subject to Google Permissions.

Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries.

IVI Architectures

Linux Container (LXC) Architecture

Hardware Layer

Common HMI

IVIStack Entertainment

Mobile Office

Networking

Navigation

Multi-Core CPU GPU

Android OS

Android Apps

Mentor IVI Linux OS / LXC Resource Management

Linux Container

Graphics Layer Management

Overview of LXC

• OS-level virtualization method• Used to run multiple isolated Linux systems

– Can be different distributions

• A single kernel is shared• LXC does not provide a virtual machine

– provides a virtual environment that has its own process and network space

• The LXC project is hosted on SourceForge– http://sourceforge.net/projects/lxc/

• Userspace control tools are provided for Linux containers• LXC has been integrated into Mentor ATP

Overview of LXC (Cont…)

Linux cgroups provide:

• Resource limiting: groups can be set to not exceed a set memory limit

• Prioritization: some groups may get a larger share of CPU or disk I/O throughput

• Accounting: to measure how much resources certain systems use for e.g. billing purposes

• Isolation: separate namespaces for groups, so they don't see each other's processes, network connections or files

• Control: freezing groups or checkpointing and restarting

Android Guest OS via Hypervisor

HyperVisor

SoC

IVIStack Entertainment

Mobile Office

Networking

Navigation

Hypervisor Virtualization

ARM Multi-core CPU

GPU, Peripherals

Android OS

AndroidApps.

Linux OS

Common HMI

Graphics Layer Management

Features of a Hypervisor solution

■ SoC Hardware resources shared between two or more operating systems

■ Multi-core CPU, GPU, Audio, Network, USB■ Independent reboot / fast boot options

■ ADAS, system start-up■ Low Overhead ( 1-4 % CPU)■ Privileges Management / Security

(General Dynamics) (Thales) (OpenSynergy)

Virtualization or Containers?

Hypervisor Virtualization Linux Container

For - Scalable to multiple domains on a single hardware platform

- Faster boot-up time

- Available as part of Mentor GENIVI Linux

- Lower Cost- HMI Integration easier to

manage- Solutions in place for Android

and AUTOSAR

Against - Cost / proprietary licensed software solution

- Substantial porting effort for device drivers

- Boot-up time : Need to wait for Linux host

- Less domain isolation

■ Option Comparison :

AUTOSAR Co-Host■ Host AUTOSAR environment on IVI or Cluster hardware■ Mentor (or partner) AUTOSAR V4

SWC 1 SWC 3

RTE

BSW

CommunicationLIN, CAN, FRAVB/EthernetOS

CommunicationStack

RTE InterfaceApplication and BSW

Application Software(e.g. ABS Algorithm)

Virtualization Layer

MCAL

Microcontroller Abstraction Layer (MCAL)

ECU nECU 2

Bus : CAN, LIN, FlexRay, AVB, MOST

SoC

ECU 1

IVILinux OS

IVI Cluster

HMI

Summary : Integrated Solutions

Hardware

IVI

Flexible architectures allowing co-existence of Android and Linux are needed