Simulation Technology for Counter-terrorism Applications Curtis Lisle, Ph.D. Visual Systems Scientist SGI Professional Services
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Sim
ulat
ion
Tech
nolo
gy fo
rCo
unte
r-ter
roris
m A
pplic
atio
ns
Curti
s Lisl
e, Ph
.D.
Visu
al Sy
stem
s Scie
ntist
SGI P
rofe
ssio
nal S
ervic
es
Outli
ne
Brief
Hist
ory o
f Visu
al Si
mul
atio
nAp
plica
tions
of S
imul
atio
n in
Cou
nter
-Ter
roris
mBa
sic C
ompo
nent
s of a
Sim
ulat
ion
•Di
splay
s/Int
erac
tion
Devic
es•
Stat
ic an
d Dy
nam
ic En
viron
men
t Dat
abas
e Tec
hnol
ogy
Sim
ulat
ion-
assis
ted
Analy
sis fo
r Cou
nter
-Ter
roris
mCo
nclu
sions
Quick
Hist
ory o
f Visu
al Sy
stem
s
Tech
nolo
gy•
Cam
era b
ased
mod
el bo
ards
•St
roke
/Call
igra
phic
rend
erin
g•
Rast
er-b
ased
Pol
ygon
al sy
stem
•At
mos
pher
ics•
Spec
ial E
ffect
s•
Text
ure m
appi
ng•
Geos
pecif
ic Im
ager
yAp
plica
tions
•Mi
litar
y Flig
ht S
imul
atio
n•
Com
mer
cial F
light
Sim
ulat
ion
•He
licop
ter a
nd G
roun
d Ve
hicle
•Ne
twor
ked
synt
hetic
bat
tles a
ndan
alyse
s
Imag
e cou
rtesy
of U
nited
Stat
es A
ir For
ce
Appl
icatio
ns o
f Sim
ulat
ion
in C
ount
er-
Terro
rism
Conc
ept:
Sim
ulat
ed C
omm
and
Cent
erSe
curit
y rev
iew o
f exis
ting
facil
ities
•Re
alist
ic m
odel
of u
rban
envir
onm
ent f
or an
alysis
•Ta
ctica
l Plan
ning
- in
gres
s, es
cape
rout
es
Wha
t-if S
cena
rio T
rain
ing
• Reh
ears
e res
pons
e to
pre-
scrip
ted
disa
ster
scen
ario
s• P
ract
ice co
mm
and
& co
ntro
lde
cisio
n-m
akin
g• P
ract
ice in
form
atio
n flo
w an
d re
view
durin
g an
incid
ent
•Tes
t effe
ctive
ness
of C
omm
and
&Co
ntro
l org
aniza
tion
(NA
SA/S
GI V
irtua
l Air
Traf
fic C
ontro
l Tow
er)
Disp
lay/In
tera
ctio
n De
vices
Reali
ty C
ente
r Pow
erwa
llDA
RT / C
ave D
isplay
Com
man
d Ce
nter
Con
soles
VR d
isplay
s and
pos
ition
ing
devic
es• U
sefu
l for
indi
vidua
l tra
iner
sat
tach
ed to
sim
ulat
ion
High
Inno
vatio
n in
Disp
lays
•Re
tinal
Disp
lays
•Ti
led, h
igh-
res L
CDs a
t 4k x
4k•
TI m
icro-
mirr
or D
LP
Data
base
Dev
elopm
ent P
roce
ssTr
aditi
onal
•Ac
quire
and
prep
are s
ourc
e dat
a•
Crea
te P
olyg
onal
Terra
in S
kin•
Plan
t and
edit
2D C
ultu
ral F
eatu
res
•Ad
d 3D
mod
els fo
r bui
ldin
gs, b
ridge
s, et
c.
Stat
e-of
-the-
Art
•Us
e Geo
grap
hic I
nfor
mat
ion
Syst
em (G
IS) d
ata
•Fe
atur
e Ext
ract
ion
from
Imag
ery
•Us
e Sat
ellite
and
Aeria
l pho
tos f
or re
alist
ic te
rrain
(exa
mpl
e to
right
: Atla
nta b
y Har
ris R
ealS
ite)
Trad
ition
al Da
taflo
w
Sens
or(s
) Imag
es a
cros
s tim
eM
osai
c an
d or
thor
ectif
y
Elev
atio
n ex
tract
ion
Feat
ure
extra
ctio
n
DFA
D
Mod
elin
g To
ol fo
r
Impo
rtatio
n an
d
Reg
istra
tion
Com
pile
for I
Gvi
sual
dat
abas
e
(lots
of t
ime
spen
t her
e!!)
DTE
D
DTE
D
DFA
D
(muc
h da
ta lo
st h
ere)
Itera
tive
Proc
ess
-- e
xpen
sive
each
tim
e!!
Imag
e-ba
sed
Dat
abas
e Pr
oces
s
Sour
ce Im
ages
Mos
aic
and
orth
orec
tify
Aut
omat
icEx
trac
tion
Aut
omat
edPr
oces
sing
Run
-tim
e d
atab
ase
Pro
cess
ed Im
ager
y on
Ony
x2 D
isk
3DD
atab
ase
Feat
ures
Imag
eSo
urce
s
Terra
Sim
Ter
raTo
ols
Acce
pts G
IS, im
ager
y,ele
vatio
n, an
d fe
atur
eda
taAu
tom
ates
the
data
flow
of th
e DBG
Spr
oces
sSc
ript l
angu
age f
orlar
ge d
atab
ases
Para
llel p
roce
ssin
g of
proj
ect g
raph
Cons
train
ed T
INalg
orith
ms
Terra
Sim
- Ph
illy &
Pitt
sbur
ghex
ampl
es
Harri
s Rea
lSite
Geom
etry
is A
uto-
Extra
cted
from
Imag
ery
Build
ing
Side
s tex
ture
sge
nera
ted
from
sate
llite,
aeria
l,or
han
dheld
pho
tos
Mode
ls ca
n be
han
d en
hanc
edas
nee
ded
afte
r aut
o-ex
tract
ion
Inte
ract
ive en
viron
men
tIn
Reali
ty p
rovid
es m
ensu
ratio
nte
sts f
or in
form
atio
n di
scov
ery
from
dat
aset
s
Harri
s InR
ealit
y
Mens
urat
ion
- det
erm
ines
dist
ance
and
line o
f sig
ht fr
oman
y poi
nt o
n th
e dat
abas
e
The R
ole o
f the
Dat
abas
e
The D
atab
ase i
s use
d fo
r bot
h re
nder
ing
and
analy
sisTh
e env
ironm
ent d
atab
ase n
eeds
to su
ppor
t all
calcu
latio
ns, a
nalys
es, a
nd q
uerie
s nec
essa
ry fo
r any
simul
ated
beh
avio
r•
Line
of s
ight
test
s; te
rrain
follo
wing
•tra
ffica
bilit
y and
max
imum
spee
ds fo
r cer
tain
vehi
cles (
logi
stics
calcu
latio
ns an
d•
Smok
e/Haz
Mat c
loud
disp
ersio
n
Next
step
for b
ette
r int
erac
tion
with
dat
aset
s: D
ynam
ic Te
rrain
and
Dyna
mic
Envir
onm
ents
Dyna
mic
Envir
onm
ent T
echn
olog
yDy
nam
ic en
viron
men
t effe
cts
•So
il slu
mpi
ng an
d di
ggin
g•
Wat
er fl
ow an
d Er
osio
n•
Build
ing
Dam
age f
rom
mun
ition
s
Analy
tical
mod
els n
eed
to b
e res
olut
ion
inde
pend
ent
•Si
mul
ator
s con
nect
ed to
geth
er w
ill ha
ve d
iffer
ent p
urpo
ses
(indi
vidua
l on
grou
nd vs
. rec
onna
issan
ce h
elico
pter
)
Effic
ient p
hysic
al m
odels
nee
ded
for r
un-ti
me e
xecu
tion
•Tr
adeo
ff be
twee
n ac
cura
cy an
d sp
eed
Sim
ulat
ion
Tech
niqu
es
Effic
ient s
oil s
lum
ping
mod
el•
Li,X
in, P
hysic
ally-
Base
d Mo
delin
g an
d Di
strib
uted
Com
puta
tion
for S
imul
atio
n of
Dyn
amic
Terra
in in
Virt
ual E
nviro
nmen
ts, P
h.D.
Diss
erta
tion,
Uni
vers
ity o
f Cen
tral F
lorid
a, Or
lando
, May
1993
.•
Li, X
in, a
nd M
oshe
ll, J.
M., “
Mode
ling
Soil:
Rea
ltim
e Dyn
amic
Mode
ls of
Soi
l Slip
page
and
Mani
pulat
ion”
, SIG
GRAP
H’93
,An
aheim
, Cali
forn
ia, Ju
ly 19
93.
Sim
ulat
ion
Tech
niqu
esEf
ficien
t wat
er fl
ow m
odel
•Ch
en, J
im, “
Phys
ically
-Bas
ed M
odeli
ng an
d Re
al-Ti
me S
imul
atio
n of
Flu
ids”
, Ph.
D. D
isser
tatio
n,Un
ivers
ity o
f Cen
tral F
lorid
a, Or
lando
, May
1995
.•
Chen
, Jim
, et a
l., “T
owar
ds In
tera
ctive
-rate
Sim
ulat
ion
of F
luid
s with
Mov
ing
Obst
acles
by N
avier
-Sto
kes
Equa
tions
”, Co
mpu
ter V
ision
, Gra
phics
and
Imag
ePr
oces
sing,
Mar
ch 19
95.
Sim
ulat
ion
Tech
niqu
es
Effic
ient B
uild
ing
Dam
age M
odels
•Or
tiz, R
usse
ll, Li
sle, “
Towa
rds a
n Im
plem
enta
tion
of D
amag
eabl
eBu
ildin
gs”,
I/ITSE
C’96
conf
eren
ce, O
rland
o, F
L.•
2 1/2
dim
ensio
n CS
G (c
ompu
tatio
nal s
olid
geo
met
ry) c
alcul
atio
ns•
Wat
erwa
ys ex
perim
ent s
tatio
n ph
ysica
l mod
el
Two
Majo
r Alg
orith
ms
•Re
al-tim
e CSG
for h
oles
•“Is
par
t stil
l gro
unde
d” o
r sho
uld
it fa
ll?
Sim
ulat
ion
Tech
niqu
esUS
Arm
y Tec
hnol
ogies
•US
A W
ater
ways
Exp
erim
ent S
tatio
n–
High
-fide
lity C
FD m
odels
of b
uild
ing
dam
age
–Ef
ficien
t, em
piric
al m
odels
for d
amag
e acc
ordi
ng to
mat
erial
type
s•
Aber
deen
Pro
ving
Grou
nd–
DICE
(dist
ribut
ed co
mpu
tatio
n of
hig
h-fid
elity
mod
els o
n HP
C sy
stem
s)•
Whi
te S
ands
Miss
ile R
ange
–Sm
oke a
nd p
lum
e spr
eadi
ng m
odels
(e.g
. COM
BIC)
–EO
SAEL
(Elec
tro-O
ptica
l Sys
tem
s Atm
osph
eric
Effe
cts L
ibra
ry)
http
://ww
w.eo
sael.
com
Quali
ty vs
. effi
cienc
y tra
deof
f for
phy
sical
mod
elsSo
ftwar
e arc
hite
ctur
e for
use
in re
al-tim
e sim
ulat
ion
Dual
Mode
ling
Appr
oach
Don’
t try
to p
ut an
alytic
al va
lues
on
apo
lygon
al da
taba
se
Inst
ead,
rege
nera
te th
e ren
derin
g da
tast
ruct
ures
from
the a
nalyt
ical o
nes a
sne
eded
(whe
n st
ate c
hang
esap
prec
iably
enou
gh)
Dead
Rec
koni
ng -
tech
niqu
e for
cont
rolle
d ap
prox
imat
ions
Ana
lytic
al
Mod
el
Ren
dere
d
Mod
el
Com
man
d an
d Co
ntro
l Cen
ter
Sim
ulat
ion
rece
ives s
ituat
ion
info
rmat
ion,
proc
esse
s eve
nts,
uses
phy
sical
mod
els, a
ndca
lculat
es b
ehav
iors
and
envir
onm
ent s
tate
upda
tes R
eal-T
ime
Sim
ulat
ion Ph
ysic
al M
odel
sSi
tuat
iona
lin
telli
genc
ein
form
atio
nEn
viro
nmen
tD
atab
ase
Ren
derin
g
Conc
lusio
ns
Many
opt
ions
for p
roce
ssin
g so
urce
dat
a int
o da
tase
tsfo
r visu
aliza
tion
and
analy
sis in
coun
ter-t
erro
rism
appl
icatio
ns S
ynth
etic
data
base
cont
ent a
nd d
esig
n ar
e crit
ical t
osu
cces
sful
sim
ulat
ions
Train
ing
and
live o
pera
tiona
l mod
es th
e sam
e com
man
dan
d co
ntro
l cen
ter i
s a p
ower
ful c
once
pt•
max
imize
team
train
ing
effe
ctive
ness
•Ma
ximize
cost
and
use o
f phy
sical
and
com
pute
r res
ourc
es
Sim
ulat
ion
is a p
ower
ful t
ool f
or co
unte
r-ter
roris
mef
forts
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