Simplicity Tile Update Notification Service Tile Update Notification Service SOAP Windows Communication Foundation Windows Web Services SOAP.

www.buildwindows.com

Building Windows runtime sockets appsDave ThalerPartner Software Design EngineerMicrosoft Corporation

Peter SmithProgram ManagerMicrosoft Corporation

PLAT-580T


Agenda

• See how Windows runtime sockets makes developing TCP/UDP apps even easier

• Learn how to use proximity discovery for apps such as multiplayer games

• Learn how you traverse web proxies with a minimum of effort using WebSockets

You’ll leave with examples of how to• Use Windows Runtime sockets, WebSockets, and

proximity to add value to your app


Great apps are connected to services, devices, data, people


The Windows 8 platform makes it straightforward to build a great app that

people will buy, use and share.

Windows 8• makes basic networking even easier• enables new scenarios• provides consistent support for C++, C#, VB, and

JavaScript


Introducing Word Hunt

demo


Outline

• Simple API with lots of power• Integrated with runtime streams• Easy proximity discovery• Straightforward web proxy traversal with

WebSockets

Simplicity


Use sockets for custom protocols

Use higher-layer APIs instead for• Targeted scenarios• “Windows Share” and other contracts, Syndication, Sync,

Upload/Download• HTTP-based protocols• RESTful APIs, SOAP APIs

Use sockets when you have your own non-HTTP protocol


Families of APIs and abilities

Tile UpdateNotification

Service

SOAPWindows Communication

Foundation Windows Web Services

Proximity Discovery

Xbox LIVE

Download/Upload

Background Transfer

OAuthSkyDrive

Live IDConnected Accounts

Cost/CapsConnectionCost

Capabilities

SocketsWebSockets

Offline HTMLIndexedDB Application

Cache DOM Storage File API

SyndicationRSS AtomPub

HTTP/RESTWindows Communication

Foundation XHR HttpClient

HttpWebRequest IXHR

WebAuth Broker

Microsoft Web Services

High-level Foundational Helper

Stream Data

Reader+Writer

ContractsShare,

Settings, …


Families of APIs and abilities

Tile UpdateNotification Service

SOAPWindows Communication

Foundation Windows Web Services

Proximity Discovery

Xbox LIVE

Download/Upload

Background Transfer

OAuthSkyDrive

Live IDConnected Accounts

Cost/CapsConnectionCost

Capabilities

SocketsWebSockets

Offline HTMLIndexedDB Application

Cache DOM Storage File API

SyndicationRSS AtomPub

HTTP/RESTWindows Communication

Foundation XHR HttpClient HttpWebRequest IXHR

WebAuth Broker

Microsoft Web Services

High-level Foundational Helper

Stream Data

Reader+Writer

ContractsShare, Settings,

…


Refresher: TCP and UDP sockets

TCP and UDP are the lowest commonly-used network APIs; they are some of the oldest network protocols still used• TCP supports a reliable, ordered stream of bytes• UDP supports unreliable and unordered messages

Many other protocols (like POP email and SIP for Voice-Over-IP apps) are directly layered on top of TCP and UDP


Types of Windows Runtime sockets

• TCP protocol• ClientStreamSocket

• TCP protocol• Server

StreamSocketListener

• UDP protocol• PeerDatagramSocket

• WebSocket protocol (TCP-like)• ClientStreamWebSocket

• WebSocket protocol (UDP-like)• Client

MessageWebSocket

• Uses TCP or Bluetooth• Peer

ProximityStreamSocket


Let’s look at an example ofwhat’s simpler…

Get outgoing link speed of a socket’s interfaceBEFORE (.NET C# code)

public static long GetMaxSocketSendSpeed(TcpClient client){ IPAddress ipAddress = ((IPEndPoint)client.Client.LocalEndPoint).Address; NetworkInterface[] adapters = NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces();

foreach (NetworkInterface adapter in adapters) { IPInterfaceProperties adapterProperties = adapter.GetIPProperties(); UnicastIPAddressInformationCollection addrInfos = adapterProperties.UnicastAddresses;

foreach (UnicastIPAddressInformation addrInfo in addrInfos) { if (addrInfo.Address.Equals(ipAddress)) { return adapter.Speed; } } }

return 0;}

Windows 8:

public static long GetMaxSocketSendSpeed(StreamSocket client) { return client.Information.LocalHostName.NetworkAdapter.OutboundMaxBitsPerSecond; }


It’s simple to go from a socket to a rich set of other information.

Class relationshipsStreamSoc

ketControl

RemoteHostName

BandwidthStatistics

RoundTripTime

Statistics

Network Item

Connection Cost

OutputStream

InputStream

Win32 and .NET

Win32 only

New in Win8

StreamSocket

Information

LocalHostName

NetworkAdapter

Connection Profile

DataPlan Status

DataPlanUsage

StreamSocket

Previously in:


Expanded functionality

Want to get per-socket bandwidth and latency stats?• Use BandwidthStatistics, RoundTripTimeStatistics

Want to keep per-network or network-type state?• Use NetworkItem to identify network

Want to be cost-aware?• ConnectionProfile, ConnectionCost

Want data plan info?• DataPlanStatus, DataPlanUsage


Let’s dive into how to use runtime sockets…

Socket API Basics: initialize socket (C#)

// using Windows.Networking;// using Windows.Networking.Sockets;

var socket = new StreamSocket();

var hostName = new HostName("example.com");string serviceName = "4554";

// Connect using regular TCP (no security).await socket.ConnectAsync(hostName, serviceName, SocketProtectionLevel.PlainSocket);

// OPTIONAL: Enable SSL for security.await socket.ConnectAsync(hostName, serviceName, SocketProtectionLevel.Ssl);


HostName handles many things for youIPv6, internationalization, etc.

• Can be a DNS name (“example.com”) or• an IPv4 or IPv6 address literal (“2001:DB8::1”)

• Use HostName.IsEqual() to safely compare

RawName (input)

DisplayName CanonicalName

Example.Com Example.Com example.com

Example.xn--p1ai

Example.рф example.рф

10.000.000.001 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.1

0:0::1 ::1 ::1


ServiceName

What is the problem?• Existing code typically uses static port numbers• But just picking one runs danger of conflict!• Now harder to get an IANA reserved port number• IANA & IETF instead recommends static service

names with ephemeral ports

Solution• ServiceName can still be a port literal (“80”),

but now also allows a service name to resolve via DNS SRV!

Socket API Basics: send data (C#)

// using Windows.Storage.Streams;

var writer = new DataWriter(socket.OutputStream);

// There’s Write*() APIs for a large number of types.writer.WriteInt32(42);await writer.StoreAsync();

// OPTIONAL: Set endian-ness (defaults to LittleEndian).writer.ByteOrder = ByteOrder.BigEndian;

Socket API Basics: receive data (C#)

// using Windows.Storage.Streams;

var reader = new DataReader(socket.InputStream);

// Read in exactly 4 bytes of data.await reader.LoadAsync(4);

// There’s Read*() APIs for a large number of types.int number = reader.ReadInt32();

// Read in as many bytes as are available, up to 64K.reader.InputStreamOptions = InputStreamOptions.Partial;await reader.LoadAsync(64 * 1024);

Socket API Basics: close (C#)

// When the socket object falls out of scope,// it’s automatically closed.

}

// OPTIONAL: Close the socket.socket.Close();


Recap of Windows runtime sockets model• Familiar paradigm

• Consistent across C#, C++, VB, and JavaScript

• Easy to access related information

• Automatic support for IPv6 and internationalization

Runtime streams integration


Many things across the runtime use streams• Files• Images• Compression library• Crypto library• Background

upload/download • Webcam

• Video control• Microphone• Speakers• AtomPub media

resources• Inking strokes


Streams allow integrating and pipelining

Webcam SocketEncrypt

FileSocket

Mic

File

…

Speakers

Video control

…

Decrypt

Compress

Decompress

…

Filters OutputsInputs

Proximity discovery


To initiate a connection, you have to discover the remote endpoint somehow.


Typical discovery methods

• Type in a hostname

• Server (e.g., lobby) based

• Multicast, typically within a LAN


Word Hunt experience with hostnames

demo


Enter proximity discovery!

Proximity lets you TAP and CONNECT to another device• Uses Near Field Communications (NFC) radio• About a 4cm range• Works with all networking plus Wi-Fi direct and bluetooth

• Results in a connected StreamSocket• Or pass data like a URL, or use for discovery• Can even launch your app on the other device

• For more info, see talk [270] Connecting and sharing using Near Field Communication

Sample JavaScript codeWindows.Networking.Proximity.PeerFinder.allowBluetooth = false;Windows.Networking.Proximity.PeerFinder.onpeerconnectprogress = peerConnectProgressEventHandler;Windows.Networking.Proximity.PeerFinder.start();

function peerConnectProgressEventHandler(ev) { if (ev.connectState == Windows.Networking.Proximity.PeerConnectState.connectComplete) { socket = ev.proximityStreamSocket; if (socket.information.LocalHostName.canonicalName < socket.information.RemoteHostName.canonicalName) { onStreamSocketConnected(); } else { onStreamSocketAccepted(); } }}


Adding proximity discovery to Word Hunt

demo

Web proxy traversal


Problems caused by proxied connectivity

• TCP/UDP sockets don’t work with HTTP-only connectivity

Enterprise network

Internet

Web Proxy

XServer


WebSockets enable web proxy traversal

• BROWSERS could get through Web proxies • but couldn’t use sockets

• APPS had Sockets• but couldn’t easily get through web proxies

combine the best of both worlds.

Web

Sockets


Broadly available across frameworks

WebSockets Clients• Windows Runtime• IE 10

WebSockets Servers• System.Net• IIS• ASP.NET• WCF

Covered in this talk

Covered in [807] Building real-time webapps with WebSockets using IIS, ASP.NET and WCF

Covered in [373] Diving deep intoHTML5 Web Sockets

Sample C# code// Create a TCP-like WebSocket.var socket = new StreamWebSocket();

// Connect to a URI. “wss” means use TLS to secure connection.await socket.ConnectAsync(new Uri(“wss://example.com/demo”));

// After this point, use the socket just like a StreamSocket.

// OPTIONAL: Set any HTTP headers desired.socket.SetRequestHeader(“User-Agent”, “myapp”);


Converting a TCP app to WebSockets

demo

Review


Windows Runtime sockets

SimplicityStreams

Integration

ProximityDiscovery

Web ProxyTraversal


Related sessions

• [PLAT-785T] Creating connected apps that work on today's networks

• [PLAT-270T] Connecting and sharing with near field communication

• [SAC-807T] Building real-time web apps with WebSockets using IIS, ASP.NET and WCF

• [PLAT-373C] Building real-time web apps with HTML5 WebSockets

• [TOOL-588T] Debugging connected Windows 8 apps


Further reading and documentation

• Internationalized domain names: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_domain_name

• Word Hunt app

• Please visit the forums on the Windows Dev Center at http://forums.dev.windows.com• For best response, please include the Build Session # in

the title of your post

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_domain_name




http://forums.dev.windows.com/



• Feedback and questions http://forums.dev.windows.com

• Session feedbackhttp://bldw.in/SessionFeedback

thank you



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© 2011 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to

be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

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