Overview This spreadsheet contains pipe pressure drop calculations for single Friction factor is calculated iteratively using the Colebrook-White well known Moodey Chart) Preliminary pipe wall thickness calculations, lookup of standard ind included. Liability No warrantees are made with respect to the accuracy or applicability The onous is on the user to verfiy that any results obtained are cor Copyright This spreadsheet is the intellectual property of the author, Andrew You are free to use it and distribute it however, you may not make i without prior written consent and you must not remove or obscure any don't steal or take credit for my work). Contact email: for other tools visit: SIMPLE PIPE PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION - READ ME [email protected]www.firstprincipleseng.net
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OverviewThis spreadsheet contains pipe pressure drop calculations for single phase fluids (either gas or liquid)Friction factor is calculated iteratively using the Colebrook-White equation (which is the key equation used to generate thewell known Moodey Chart)Preliminary pipe wall thickness calculations, lookup of standard industry sizes and erosional velocity checks are alsoincluded.
LiabilityNo warrantees are made with respect to the accuracy or applicability of the calculations in this spreadsheet.The onous is on the user to verfiy that any results obtained are correct and appropriate for the work being carrying out.
CopyrightThis spreadsheet is the intellectual property of the author, Andrew Hooks.You are free to use it and distribute it however, you may not make it available for download from any websitewithout prior written consent and you must not remove or obscure any notices regarding authorship. (Basicallydon't steal or take credit for my work).
This spreadsheet contains pipe pressure drop calculations for single phase fluids (either gas or liquid)Friction factor is calculated iteratively using the Colebrook-White equation (which is the key equation used to generate the
Preliminary pipe wall thickness calculations, lookup of standard industry sizes and erosional velocity checks are also
No warrantees are made with respect to the accuracy or applicability of the calculations in this spreadsheet.The onous is on the user to verfiy that any results obtained are correct and appropriate for the work being carrying out.
You are free to use it and distribute it however, you may not make it available for download from any websitewithout prior written consent and you must not remove or obscure any notices regarding authorship. (Basically
PIPELINE PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION (SINGLE PHASE - LIQUID)
Notes
Fluid properties
Density 800 kg/m3 800Viscosity 0.55 cP 5.50E-04 Pa.s
Pipeline dimensions
Length 200 km 200000 mDiameter 24 in 0.610 mOuter diameter (actual) 610 mm 0.610 mWT - calculated #VALUE! mm #VALUE! mWT - overwrite in 0.0000 mInternal diameter #VALUE! in #VALUE! mRoughness 0.05 mm 0.00005 mElevation change 10 m 10 m
Wall thickness calc…
Process conditions
Outlet pressure 30 bara 3000 kPaInlet temperature 30 'C 303 K
Diameter Uncheck the 'Nominal' option to enter actual outer diameter.
C70
Diamter Standard sizes (based on ASME B36.10) may be selected from the in cell drop down list or you can enter your own value. If you enter a non-standard size you will also have to provide your own wall thickness.
B76
Elevation change = h(in) - h(out) ie. enter -ve if the outlet point is lower than the inlet.
B78
Wall thickness calc. Note that this is a preliminary sizing calculation only. For detailed sizing refer the appropriate code (eg. ASME B31.8) since there are a number of specific conditions & exceptions which may be relevant.
B118
Inlet temperature Only used in the erosional velocity calculation
B129
Efficiency factor A calibration term that can be used to account for effects not considered in the friction factor term (eg. fittings, condensate accumulations, sediment). A higher efficiency factor means less dP therefore a lower inlet pressure is required for the same flowrate.
B144
c factor 100 Solids free, continuous service 125 Solids free, intermittant service 150-200 Corrosion not expected or controlled by inhibitor 250 Intermittant service
"Mixture density" #VALUE! kg/m3 #VALUE! kg/m3Max. velocity #VALUE! m/s #VALUE! m/sMax. velocity overwrite m/s 0.0 m/s
Sensitivities
Ratesensitivity
25%50%75%
100%125%150%
Diametersensitivity
-1012
0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0
22 in
24 in
26 in
28 in
Basecase
Max vel. exceeded
Flow rate [bbl/d]
Inle
t pre
ssure
[bara
]
Nom. Diameter
B151
Max. velocity overwrite Displayed in the sensitivity chart
22 in 0.558822 in 0.558822 in 0.558822 in 0.558822 in 0.558824 in 0.609624 in 0.6096
sensitivity 24 in 0.609624 in 0.609624 in 0.609624 in 0.609626 in 0.660426 in 0.660426 in 0.660426 in 0.660426 in 0.660426 in 0.660428 in 0.711228 in 0.711228 in 0.711228 in 0.711228 in 0.711228 in 0.7112
124
024
24.00 in24
24.00 in
R70
Lookup value For nominal diameter, look up either the value in inches or the value in mm (depending on unit selected by the user. For outside diameter look up the value in mm. Column offset will determine which column to look in.
R73
Nominal diameter Nominal diameter must be in inches in the WT calc since the conversion factor to mm changes with diameter (& WT calc is defined as nominal diameter in inches in the code). If the diameter is not a standard size user must input the WT (it is not calculated).
R74
Closest diam index (non-std) If a non-standard diameter is entered the largest diameter less than the value entered is looked up here. This can then be used to generate diameter sensitivities (see chart below)
WT(min) Schdl WT(act) Int.Diam Rate Rate Velocity Re fm --- m m bbl/d sm3/s m/s --- ---
WT = Minimum wall thickness based on stress condition + corrosion allowance. Is not yet based on a standard size (that comes next) All other factors, besides diameter, remain constant therefore required WT can be calculated by the ratio of D(basecase)/D(sensitivity)
S154
Schedule Closest schedule size to the minimum wall thickness. Note that the selected schedule may not appear to follow a "logical" sequence with increasing diameter. This is because a schedule must be selected which has wall thickness > minimum wall thickness and this can result in a higher schedule for some diameters (even though the diameter is smaller). Note also that the corrosion allowance does not change with diameter.
T154
WT(act) For steel pipe this is the closest standard wall thickness to the minimum required wall thickness as found in the ASME 36.10 table. For plastic pipe the standard dimension ratio calculated above still holds and is applied consistently across the range of diameters therefore we can simply calculate wall thickness as WT = Diam/SDR
dP Pin Pin Points > Pipe schedule lookup table dimensionskPa kPa bara max vel Nr standard diameters 31
PIPELINE PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION (SINGLE PHASE - GAS)
Notes
Fluid properties
Pipeline dimensions
Length 200 km 200000 mDiameter 36 in 0.914 mOuter diameter (actual) 914 mm 0.914 mWT - calculated #VALUE! mm #VALUE! mWT - overwrite in 0.0000 mInternal diameter #VALUE! in #VALUE! mRoughness 0.05 mm 0.00005 mElevation change 0 m 0 m
Wall thickness calc…
Process conditions
Outlet pressure 70 bara 7000 kPa(A)
Guess inlet pressure 85 bara 8500 kPa(A)Inlet temperature 40 'C 313 KOutlet temperature 30 'C 303 K
Static dP 0.00 bar 0 kPaFrictional dP #VALUE! bar #VALUE! kPaInlet pressure #VALUE! bara #VALUE! kPa(A)
Checks
Erosional velocity (API 14E)
sm3/s
Auto iterate
Nominal
B70
Diameter Uncheck the 'Nominal' option to enter actual outer diameter.
C70
Diamter Standard sizes (based on ASME B36.10) may be selected from the in cell drop down list or you can enter your own value. If you enter a non-standard size you will also have to provide your own wall thickness.
B76
Elevation change = h(in) - h(out) ie. enter -ve if the outlet point is lower than the inlet.
B78
Wall thickness calc. Note that this is a preliminary sizing calculation only. For detailed sizing refer the appropriate code (eg. ASME B31.8) since there are a number of specific conditions & exceptions which may be relevant.
B118
Guess inlet pressure Used to calculate average z factor & average density and therefore velocity, Re & friction factor. Tick 'Auto iterate' to automatically set the inlet solution value.
B119
Inlet temperature Heat transfer is not modelled. In most single phase pipelines temperature changes do not have a significant impact on the pressure drop.
B135
Efficiency factor A calibration term that can be used to account for effects not considered in the friction factor term (eg. fittings, condensate accumulations, sediment). A higher efficiency factor means less dP therefore a lower inlet pressure is required for the same flowrate.
c factor 150Liquid/Gas ratio 10 bbl/MMscf 0.00001 bbl/scfSpecific gravity - gas 0.55Specific gravity - liquid 0.76"Mixture density" #VALUE! kg/m3 #VALUE! kg/m3Max. velocity #VALUE! m/s #VALUE! m/sMax. velocity overwrite m/s 0.0 m/s
Sensitivities
Ratesensitivity
25%50%75%
100%125%150%
Diametersensitivity
-1012
0 200 400 600 800 1000 12000.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
34 in
36 in
42 in
42 in
Basecase
Max vel. exceeded
Flow rate [MMscf/d]
Inle
t pre
ssure
[bara
]
Nom. Diameter
B144
c factor 100 Solids free, continuous service 125 Solids free, intermittant service 150-200 Corrosion not expected or controlled by inhibitor 250 Intermittant service
B150
Max. velocity overwrite Displayed in the sensitivity chart
Average properties Sometimes average pressure is calculated as 2/3[P1+P2-P1.P2/(P1+P2)] instead of via an arithmetic average. This is to account for the non-linearity of dP over the length of the pipeline. However, there is little difference in the result and given the other uncertainties the arithmetic average is used here for simplicity.
#VALUE!
SensitivityNom. Diam Out. Diam
--- msensitivity 34 in 0.8636
34 in 0.863634 in 0.863634 in 0.863634 in 0.863634 in 0.863636 in 0.914436 in 0.9144
sensitivity 36 in 0.914436 in 0.914436 in 0.914436 in 0.914442 in 1.066842 in 1.066842 in 1.066842 in 1.066842 in 1.066842 in 1.066842 in 1.066842 in 1.066842 in 1.066842 in 1.066842 in 1.066842 in 1.0668
136
030
36.00 in30
36.00 in
R70
Lookup value For nominal diameter, look up either the value in inches or the value in mm (depending on unit selected by the user. For outside diameter look up the value in mm. Column offset will determine which column to look in.
R73
Nominal diameter Nominal diameter must be in inches in the WT calc since the conversion factor to mm changes with diameter (& WT calc is defined as nominal diameter in inches in the code). If the diameter is not a standard size user must input the WT (it is not calculated).
R74
Closest diam index (non-std) If a non-standard diameter is entered the largest diameter less than the value entered is looked up here. This can then be used to generate diameter sensitivities (see chart below)
WT(min) Schdl WT(act) Int.Diam Rate Rate z(in)m --- m m MMscf/d sm3/s kPa --- kg/m3
WT = Minimum wall thickness based on stress condition + corrosion allowance. Is not yet based on a standard size (that comes next) All other factors, besides diameter, remain constant therefore required WT can be calculated by the ratio of D(basecase)/D(sensitivity)
S153
Schedule Closest schedule size to the minimum wall thickness. Note that the selected schedule may not appear to follow a "logical" sequence with increasing diameter. This is because a schedule must be selected which has wall thickness > minimum wall thickness and this can result in a higher schedule for some diameters (even though the diameter is smaller). Note also that the corrosion allowance does not change with diameter.
T153
WT(act) For steel pipe this is the closest standard wall thickness to the minimum required wall thickness as found in the ASME 36.10 table. For plastic pipe the standard dimension ratio calculated above still holds and is applied consistently across the range of diameters therefore we can simply calculate wall thickness as WT = Diam/SDR
Note that the Moody chart is usually plotted with a non-linear y axis scale so the shape may look slightly different to this chart. However, the actual values are the same.
Pipeline basic design factorRefer to the code (ASME B31.8) for more detailed factors which take account of road or rail crossings, parallel encroachment etc.
Location class & summary descriptionClass 1, div 1 - Wasteland, deserts, mountains, grazing land, farmland & sparsely populated areas. Hydrotest PClass 1, div 2 - Wasteland, deserts, mountains, grazing land, farmland & sparsely populated areas. Hydrotest PClass 2 - Fringe areas around cities & towns, industrial areas, ranch or country estatesClass 3 - Suburban housing developments, shopping centres, residential areas, industrial areasClass 4 - Multistory buildings, high traffic density, numerous other utilities undergroundCustom - Enter custom value in table on 'PipeData' sheet
ANSI B36.10
Diameter Wall thickness [mm] Schedule determines the wall thickness (not the pressure class)Nominal Nominal Outside[inches] [mm] [mm]
Steel yield strength Note that this list is not exhaustive. See the relevant code [ASME B31.4 (liquids), B31.8 (gas), ISO 13623] for a more complete list.
F29
Wall thickness Standard, Extra strong and Double extra strong are common designations. The schedule numbering was added later.
B50
14" and above the nominal diameter in inches equals the outside diameter.
Class 1 division 1 full description A Location Class 1 is any 1-mile section [with 1/4-mile width] that has 10 or fewer buildings intended for human occupancy. A Location Class 1 is intended to reflect areas such as wasteland, deserts, mountains, grazing land, farmland, and sparsely populated areas. [Div1 has been hydrostatically tested to 1.25 times the maximum operating pressure.]
K20
Class 1 division 2 full description A Location Class 1 is any 1-mile section [with 1/4-mile width] that has 10 or fewer buildings intended for human occupancy. A Location Class 1 is intended to reflect areas such as wasteland, deserts, mountains, grazing land, farmland, and sparsely populated areas. [Div2 has been hydrostatically tested to 1.1 times the maximum operating pressure.]
K21
Class 2 full description A Location Class 2 is any 1-mile section [with 1/4-mile width] that has more than 10 but fewer than 46 buildings intended for human occupancy. A Location Class 2 is intended to reflect areas where the degree of population is intermediate between Location Class 1 and Location Class 3, such as fringe areas around cities and towns, industrial areas, ranch or country estates, etc.
K22
Class 3 full description A Location Class 3 is any 1-mile section [with 1/4-mile width] that has 46 or more buildings intended for human occupancy except where a Location Class 4 prevails. A Location Class 3 is intended to reflect areas such as suburban housing developments, shopping centres, residential areas, industrial areas, and other populated areas not meeting Location Class 4 requirements.
K23
Class 4 full description A Location Class 4 includes areas where multistory buildings are prevalent, where traffic is heavy or dense, and where there may be numerous other utilities underground. Multistory means four or more floors above ground including the first or ground floor. The depth of basements or number of basement floors is immaterial.
K24
Custom design factor Enter your own factor based on company guidelines or other consideration.
Lookup tableUnit SI unitmm = 0.001 mcm = 0.01 mm = 1 mkm = 1000 min = 0.0254 mft = 0.3048 mmile = 1609.3 m
Area_smallLookup tableUnit SI unit
= 0.000001
= 0.000645
= 1
= 0.0929
Area_largeBase conversionshectare/km2 100 hct/km2 1 hectare is 100m x 100mft2/acre 43559.66 ft2/acre
Lookup tableUnit Metric Unit
= 1
= 0.6214
hectare = 0.01
acre = 0.0040468
mm2 m2
in2 m2
m2 m2
ft2 m2
km2 km2
mi2 km2
km2
km2
D68
feet/metre International foot is defined as 0.3048m. US Survey foot is defined as 1200/3937 = 0.30480061m but is only used in connection with surveys by the US Coast & Geodectic Survey (Wikipedia)
ForceBase conversionsForce = mass * accelerationDyn 1.00E-05 N
Lookup tableUnit SI unitN = 1 NmN = 0.001 Nkg(f) = 9.80665 N 1kg * gravitational accelerationlbl(f) = 4.44823 NDyn = 0.00001 N
bbl/m3
in3/US gallon in3/gallon
m3
cm3 m3
m3
m3 m3
in3 m3
ft3 m3
m3
m3
m3
PressureBase conversionsPressure is force per unit area
kPa/Atmosphere 101.325 kPa(A)/atm(A) Atmospheric pressure at sealevel in kPakPa/bar 100 kPa/barbara/Atmosphere 1.01325 bara/atm The atmospheric pressure in bar at sealevel is 1.01325 barbarg/Atmosphere 0 barg/atmpsia/Atmosphere 14.696 psia/atm(A) The atmospheric pressure in psi at sealevel is 14.696 psipsi/bar 14.504 psi/bar
Lookup table!!! Order is important - multiply first then add the constant !!!
X barg = X barg + atm P = Y bara; eg. 1barg + 1.013 = 2.013bara1 bar = 100kPa --> X barg = [100*(X barg + 1.013bar/atm)] kPa(A), or = [100*X + 101.325] kPa(A)X bara = (X - 1.013)barg * 100kPa/bar + 101.3kPa/atm = X*100kPa(A)
Converting to psia first would give the same result, ie.the following are equivalent:[X psig + (14.5*1.013=14.7)] psia * (1kPa / 14.5psi) = kPa(A)orX psig * (100/14.5=6.895) kPa(G) + 101.3 kPa/atm = kPa(A)
A Joule is defined as the work done, or energy expended, by a force of 1 Newton moving one metre. J = N/m = (kg.m/s2).m = kgm2/s2
B332
International Steam Table Calorie (1 calorie is the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1degree Celsius. Definitions differ slightly depending on initial temperature.)
B333
ISO standard definition (1 BTU is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water one degree Fahrenheit. Definitions differ slightly depending on the initial temperature).
E344
Energy rate: Sometimes used to describe flow rate therefore tabled separately from power
X barg = X barg + atm P = Y bara; eg. 1barg + 1.013 = 2.013bara1 bar = 100kPa --> X barg = [100*(X barg + 1.013bar/atm)] kPa(A), or = [100*X + 101.325] kPa(A)X bara = (X - 1.013)barg * 100kPa/bar + 101.3kPa/atm = X*100kPa(A)
Converting to psia first would give the same result, ie.the following are equivalent:[X psig + (14.5*1.013=14.7)] psia * (1kPa / 14.5psi) = kPa(A)orX psig * (100/14.5=6.895) kPa(G) + 101.3 kPa/atm = kPa(A)
(Water has viscosity of ca. 1cP at 20'C (1.002))
Kinematic viscosity = Dynamic viscosity / Density for a Newtonian fluid