simple casestudy on building materials

BUILDING MATERIALS ELEMENTS OF CIVIL

ENGINEERING

KAUSHAL PATEL

1 | P a g e

SAND

Natural sand is used this construction. Sand is used

in cement mortar, lime mortar, plain cement concrete,

reinforced cement concrete and prestressed concrete as

key in gradient in building construction. Sand is useful in

various construction activities like masonary work,

plaster work, flooring and concrete.

Sand is used in this construction is fine sand.

Importance of this sand is it prepares Cement Mortar

(CM) and Cement Concrete (CC) by mixing with cement

like binding material. They fill up the void between pieces

in Cement Concrete.

2 | P a g e

AGGREGATES

Aggregates are the naturally occurring material like

sand (fine aggregate), crushed rock (coarse aggregate)

and gravel. Aggregates are processed to get desired sizes.

Broken bricks (brick bats) and crushed air-cooled blast

furnace slag also used as aggregates. Aggregate of bigger

sizes are called coarse aggregate.

There is two types of aggregates are used in this

construction. One is fine aggregate and other is coarse

aggregates. Fine aggregates are used to prepare cement

mortar, lime mortar and cement concrete. Coarse

aggregates are used to prepare cement concrete (PCC,

RCC) bituminous pavement, rigid pavement etc.

3 | P a g e

CEMENT

Cement is a product obtained by burning a well-

proportioned mixture of siliceous (containing silica),

argillaceous (containing alumina) and calcareous

(containing lime) materials and crushing the same into

grey color fine powder.

The cement used in this construction is ultratech

ordinary Portland 53 grade cement. This is most

important type of cement and is widely used.

Ingredients of Portland cement:

Lime 60-67%

Silica 17-25%

Alumina 3-8%

Iron oxide 0.50-6%

Magnesia 0.10-4%

Soda and potash 0.20-1%

Sulphur tri-oxide 1-2.75%

Free lime 0-1%

4 | P a g e

BRICKS

Bricks are used for walls of various building

construction. Brick masonary walls are load bearing

structures. They divide the space in various rooms along

with fire protection, sound or noise insulation and

thermal insulation. Brick are used in lintel and column

construction also.

Bricks used in this construction are of SB mark

having dimension 9’’ × 4’’.

5 | P a g e

STEEL

Steel forms an intermediate stage between cast iron

and wrought iron with carbon content 0.25-1.5%.

Types % Carbon Content Mid carbon 0.10-0.25

Medium Carbon Steel 0.25-0.60 High Carbon Steel 0.60-1.10

Steel used in this construction is 5-25 mm round bar.

It is used in column and beam construction. There forms

a square type structure and concrete is filled up in this.