MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (MINISTERUL EDUCATIEI SI CERCETARII STIINTIFICE) LICEUL TEORETIC “DANTE ALIGHIERI” ASSIGNMENT FOR OBTAINING THE PROFICIENCY CERTIFICATE FOR ALUMNI CLASSES WITH INTENSIVE STUDY OF ENGLISH (Lucrare pentru obt inerea atestat ului de competentă lingvistică pentru absolventii claselor cu studiu in tensiv al limbii engleze) Coordinain! "a#$"r% Pro&' TONE MONICA S(d"n% SIMION SORIN GABRIEL) *II+B BUCHAREST) ,-./
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• Since ancient times man has contemplated the niht s'y, wonderin3 $hat is the s'y%
$hat laws o)ern the motion% But the only thin he could do was to o"ser)e the
approximately 4,555 stars )isi"le to the na'ed eye and write down their positions in so-
called constellations2
•
6 feel li'e explorers who are at the ede of a new frontier2 6 want to 'now more2 6 want to'now why the uni)erse is expandin faster and faster, why alaxies stay toether rather than
apart, why less than 7 percent of the uni)erse is ordinary matter made of 8uar's, electrons
and neutrinos, the rest "ein dar' matters 9:; percent< and dar' enery 9=: percent<2
• #he idea of a uni)erse that does not end, "ecause no"ody 'nows for sure if the uni)erse
is finite or infinite, distur"s me and ma'es me di>>y, especially in our little world, where we
are used that e)erythin has marins and endins 2#herefore, the most trou"lin 8uestionsthat 6 as' myself a"out the world, are3?*ow was the uni)erse created%?,?*ow does the
uni)erse wor'%@
• #hese are some of the many reasons 6 chose these su"Aects as my proAect2 6 can find the
time to thin' a"out the 8uestions of existence and the functionin of the uni)erse despite my
Int"od#$t%on• What does the universe mean? How big can space be? What does limits mean? Where did
time start and where will it end?
• #here are many 8uestions associated with the creation and e)olution of the maAor
constituents of the uni)erse2 & "asic 8uestion astronomers must address is, how did the uni)erse
create its first stars and alaxies% *ow did they influence su"se8uent alaxy, star and planet
formation%
• Our uni)erse is old and lare, and expandin outwards e)ery day2 #his uni)erse, the dar'
enery that seems to "e "ehind it, and other 8uestions li'e the exact nature of the Bi Ban and
the early e)olution of the uni)erse are amon the 8uestions of cosmoloy2
• #he uni)erse is filled with stars, alaxies, planets and more, and there are some mysteries
li'e dar' matter to "e sol)ed "y astronomers and scientists ha)e sinaled some of the maAor
disco)eries of our uni)erse2
• 6t is still un'nown whether the uni)erse created "lac' holes with the first eneration ofstars or whether these weird o"Aects were created "y the first eneration of stars2 &s "lac' holes
represent the most extreme physical conditions of space-time and enerate some of the most
eneretic phenomena followin the Bi Ban, they are ood material for testin the theories of
• 6n :5+:, scientists confirmed the detection of the lon-souht *is Boson, also 'nown "y its nic'name
the ?God 3a"t%$le,? at the 0are *adron ollider 90*<, the most powerful particle accelerator on the planet2
• #he recently disco)ered *is "oson, which helps i)e particles their mass, could ha)e destroyed the
cosmos shortly after it was "orn, causin the uni)erse to collapse Aust after the Bi Ban2
• Latest Se$"ets of Ma"s
•
#hese days, in their search for life in the uni)erse !&S& confirms e)idence that li8uid water flows ontoday1s Mars2 !ew findins from !&S&/s Mars .econnaissance Or"iter 9M.O< pro)ide the stronest e)idence
yet that li8uid water flows intermittently on present-day
• NASA4s S3a$e Teles$o3es
• #he *u""le Space #elescope is a lare telescope in space !&S& launched *u""le in +52 *u""le is as
lon as a lare school "us22 *u""le tra)els around Earth at a"out 7 miles per second2 *u""le faces toward
space2 6t ta'es pictures of planets, stars and alaxies2 H#bble *as seen sta"s be%n, bo"n5 H#bble *as seen
sta"s d%e5 It *as seen ,ala(%es t*at a"e t"%ll%ons of '%les a.a& 2 *u""le also has seen comet pieces crash into