Jan 06, 2016
Similarities
• The peak of Islam’s political and military power
• All based on military conquest• All from Turkic nomadic cultures• All absolute monarchies
Differences
• All were Muslim but Mughals ruled over a predominantly non-Muslim population
• Ottomans had large Christian minority
• Safavids were Shi’ite Muslims
OTTOMANS
• OSMAN attempts to build a unified empire by conquering & controlling lands in Anatolia (east of Constantinople)–gunpowder & cannons military
strength–1299 – Ottoman Empire is
established
O – Osman:
• Title of caliph (spiritual leader, guide Islamic faith) given to the Sultans of the Ottoman Empire since the 16th century (1500s)
T – Title of Caliph:
• Non-Muslims paid a tax, but they were allowed to practice their religion or to convert to Islam.
T – Tolerant of Non-Muslims:
• The Ottomans were Sunni Muslims and they used Janissaries: young boys taken from the Christian population.
Boys were converted to Islam and trained as elite soldiers or slaves to serve the Sultan (Devshirme)
O – Ottomans were:
• Ottomans laid siege to Constantinople
• Fall of Constantinople in 1453 brought end to the Byzantine Empire
• The Ottomans made the city their capital renaming it Istanbul http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqJXxHi6RwQ&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
M – Mehmet II:
• Ottomans produced coffee, carpets, and ceramics that were traded along the Silk Road across the Middle East to Asia
A – A lot of trade:
• Greatest of Ottoman rulers, Suleiman I.
• Suleiman ruled for 46 years. He was a great military commander, but he is known for his legislation as well.
• He codified Ottoman law keeping Islamic faith, took into account Christian inhabitants of the Empire, addressed taxes, and built more schools.
N – Notable Ruler:
Suleiman I
1520-1566
• Selim II, inherited the throne from Suleiman but was defeated militarily in 1571 by Spain & Italy
• corruption & power struggles
• Decline of Ottomans
S – Slow decline:
SAFAVIDS
• Shah Ismail seized much of what is today Iran and Iraq (1501)
• Ismail sent missionaries into Ottoman lands
• Massacred Sunni Muslims (Ottomans) when he conquered Baghdad in 1508
S – Shah Ismail:
• Safavids – Shi’ite Muslims • Ottoman – Sunni Muslims • In response to the massacre of Sunni Muslims
when Ismail conquered Baghdad-
Selim the Grim order that 40,000 Shi’ite Muslims to be killed in the Ottoman Empire
*Conflict between Sunnis and Sh’iites continues today
A – A Religious Conflict:
• Safavids were open to foreigners in their empire
F – Foreigners Welcomed:
• Similar to the Ottomans
• Used a slave army like the Janissaries
A – Army:
V – Vibrant Middle Class:
• Safavids had vibrant middle class
• Carpet weaving became a national industry
(Persian rugs)
• Safavid Empire is Iran today
I – Iran:
D – Downfall:• The Safavids declined after death of
Shah Abbas in 1629
• By 1722 Afghanistan tribal armies were taking over portions of the Safavid Empire
• Safavids reached peak of power under Shah Abbas
• Shah Abbas encouraged international trade and the production of silks, carpets, ceramics and metal ware for sale to Europeans.
S – Shah Abbas the Great:
MUGHALS
•Mughal Empire- what is now Modern Day India
M – Modern Day India:
• After Babur’s (Mughal founder) death, his grandson, Akbar, continued the expansion until most of India was under his control
U – Unified Empire:
• Political stability and peace = period of growth in trade
• MANY REFORMS MADE BY ruler Akbar!• Educated gov’t officials, reorganized tax
system, built libraries & schools
G – Golden Age:
• Although Muslim, Akbar adopted a policy of religious tolerance for Hindus
• He abolished special tax on non-Muslims
H – Hindus Accepted:
A – Art and Architecture • Were well supported by
Akbar
• Patron of many artists@ Akbar’s court
• Architecture – massive, graceful, decorated with stonework of Hindu themes
• The British began to setup trading ports along Western coast of India
• Brought elegant Mughal textiles to British markets
• Began influence of Britian in India
L –: Lasting impact of textile industry
S – Shah Jahan: •Raises taxes
•Shah Jahan built Taj Mahal for deceased wife
•His son Aurangzeb succeeds him and Mughal decline begins