SIM - Mc leod ch04

© 2007 by Prentice Hall© 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e RManagement Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell aymond McLeod and George Schell

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Management Management Information Systems, Information Systems,

10/e10/e

Raymond McLeod and George Raymond McLeod and George Schell Schell

© 2007 by Prentice Hall© 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e RManagement Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell aymond McLeod and George Schell

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Chapter 4Chapter 4

System Users and Developers System Users and Developers

© 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

► Know that the organizational content for Know that the organizational content for systems development and use is changing systems development and use is changing from a physical to a virtual structure.from a physical to a virtual structure.

► Know who the information specialists are Know who the information specialists are and how they can be integrated into an and how they can be integrated into an information services organization.information services organization.

► Be alert to new directions that the Be alert to new directions that the information services organization may take.information services organization may take.

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Learning Objectives (Cont’d)Learning Objectives (Cont’d)

►Understand what is meant by “end-Understand what is meant by “end-user computing” and why it came user computing” and why it came about.about.

►Appreciate that users, especially those Appreciate that users, especially those with an end-user computing capability, with an end-user computing capability, are a valuable information resource.are a valuable information resource.

►Know the benefits and risks of end-Know the benefits and risks of end-user computing.user computing.

© 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

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Learning Objectives (Cont’d)Learning Objectives (Cont’d)

► Be aware of the types of knowledge and skill Be aware of the types of knowledge and skill that are important to systems development.that are important to systems development.

► Appreciate the value of managing the Appreciate the value of managing the knowledge held by information specialists knowledge held by information specialists and users.and users.

► Recognize the benefits and risks of the Recognize the benefits and risks of the virtual office and the virtual organization.virtual office and the virtual organization.

© 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

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Figure 4.1 Information Figure 4.1 Information Systems Support for the Systems Support for the

OrganizationOrganization

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Information Services (IS) Information Services (IS) OrganizationOrganization

► Information resourcesInformation resources► Information specialistsInformation specialists

System analystsSystem analysts Database administratorsDatabase administrators WebmastersWebmasters Network specialistsNetwork specialists ProgrammersProgrammers OperatorsOperators

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IS Organizational StructureIS Organizational Structure

►Trend from centralized to Trend from centralized to decentralized structure.decentralized structure. Divisional information officer (DIO)Divisional information officer (DIO)

► InnovativeInnovative Partner modelPartner model Platform modelPlatform model Scalable modelScalable model

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Figure 4.3 A Network Model Figure 4.3 A Network Model of Information Services of Information Services

OrganizationOrganization

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Network Model (Cont’d)Network Model (Cont’d)

►Visioning networkVisioning network enables the CIO enables the CIO to work with top mgmt. in strategic to work with top mgmt. in strategic planning for information resources.planning for information resources.

►Innovation networkInnovation network is used by the is used by the CIO to interface with business areas CIO to interface with business areas so that innovations can be developed.so that innovations can be developed.

►Sourcing networkSourcing network is utilized to is utilized to interface with vendor for acquiring interface with vendor for acquiring information resources.information resources.

© 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

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End-user ComputingEnd-user Computing

►End-user computingEnd-user computing ( (EUCEUC) is the ) is the development by users of all or parts of development by users of all or parts of their information systems.their information systems.

►EUC has 4 main influences:EUC has 4 main influences: The impact of computer education.The impact of computer education. The information services backlog.The information services backlog. Low-cost hardware.Low-cost hardware. Prewritten software.Prewritten software.

© 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

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Benefits of EUCBenefits of EUC

►Match capabilities and challenges.Match capabilities and challenges.►Reduce the communication gap.Reduce the communication gap.

© 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

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Risks of EUCRisks of EUC

►Poorly targeted systems.Poorly targeted systems.►Poorly designed & documented Poorly designed & documented

systems.systems.► Inefficient use of information Inefficient use of information

resources.resources.►Loss of data integrity.Loss of data integrity.►Loss of security.Loss of security.►Loss of control.Loss of control.

© 2007 by Prentice Hall Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

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Education Criteria, Education Criteria, Knowledge, & Skills Needed Knowledge, & Skills Needed

for IS Careersfor IS Careers► Systems development knowledgeSystems development knowledge

Computer literacyComputer literacy Information literacyInformation literacy Business fundamentalsBusiness fundamentals Systems theorySystems theory Systems development processSystems development process Systems life cycle (SLC) & Systems development Systems life cycle (SLC) & Systems development

life cycle (SDLC)life cycle (SDLC) Systems modelingSystems modeling

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Table 4.1 Knowledge Table 4.1 Knowledge RequirementsRequirements

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Education Criteria, …(Cont’d)Education Criteria, …(Cont’d)

►Systems development skillsSystems development skills Communications skillsCommunications skills Analytical abilityAnalytical ability CreativityCreativity LeadershipLeadership

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Table 4.2 Skills RequirementTable 4.2 Skills Requirement

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Managing the Knowledge Managing the Knowledge

►Office automationOffice automation includes all of the includes all of the formal & informal electronic systems formal & informal electronic systems primarily concerned with the primarily concerned with the communication of information to and communication of information to and from persons both inside and outside from persons both inside and outside the firm.the firm.

►Shift from clerical to mangerial Shift from clerical to mangerial problem solving.problem solving.

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Virtual OfficeVirtual Office

►TelecommutingTelecommuting describes how describes how employees could electronically employees could electronically “commute” to work.“commute” to work.

►HotelingHoteling is when the firm provides a is when the firm provides a central facility that can be shared by central facility that can be shared by employees as the need for office space employees as the need for office space and support arises.and support arises.

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Virtual Office (Cont’d)Virtual Office (Cont’d)

►AdvantagesAdvantages Reduced facility cost.Reduced facility cost. Reduced equipment cost.Reduced equipment cost. Reduced work stoppages.Reduced work stoppages. Social contribution.Social contribution.

►DisadvantagesDisadvantages Low morale.Low morale. Fear of security risks.Fear of security risks.

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Virtual OrganizationVirtual Organization

►Three I EconomyThree I Economy is those industries is those industries that are most attracted to the concept that are most attracted to the concept of the virtual office & the virtual of the virtual office & the virtual organization and those that add value organization and those that add value in the form of in the form of informationinformation, , ideasideas, and , and intelligenceintelligence..

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The Human ElementThe Human Element

►Most important ingredient in the Most important ingredient in the development & use of information development & use of information systems.systems.

►Main playersMain players UsersUsers Information specialistsInformation specialists