SILVICULTURE, PLANNING, & ECOSYSTEM SILVICULTURE, PLANNING, & ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT Ralph D. Nyland Department of Forest and Natural Resources Management SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse, NY 13210 Nyland - 2010 All rights reserved Use of all or parts of these class notes prohibited without express consent of Ralph D. Nyland Background reading: Chapter 1, in Nyland, R.D. 2002. Silviculture: Concepts and Applications. Waveland Press. Long Grove, IL. 2ed. Sources cited: Assman, E. 1970. The Principles of Forest Yield Studies. Transl. by. S.H. Gardiner. Pergamon Press Ltd. Oxford. Koten, D.E. 1994 Lecture notes. Faculty of Forestry, SUNY Coll. Environ. Sci., and For., Syracuse, NY. Seymour, R.S., and M.L. Hunter, Jr. 1992. New Forestry in eastern spruce-fir forests: Principles and applications in Maine. Univ. Me., Me. Agric. Expt. Stn., Misc. Publ. 716. Urban, D.L., R.V. O’Neill, and H.H. Shugart. 1987. Landscape ecology: A hierarcial perspective can help scientists understand spatial patterns. Biosci. 37(2):119-127.
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Ralph D. NylandDepartment of Forest and Natural Resources Management
SUNY College of Environmental Scienceand Forestry
Syracuse, NY 13210
Nyland - 2010 All rights reservedUse of all or parts of these class notes prohibited
without express consent of Ralph D. Nyland
Background reading:
Chapter 1, in Nyland, R.D. 2002. Silviculture: Concepts and Applications.Waveland Press. Long Grove, IL. 2ed.
Sources cited:
Assman, E. 1970. The Principles of Forest Yield Studies. Transl. by. S.H. Gardiner. Pergamon Press Ltd. Oxford.
Koten, D.E. 1994 Lecture notes. Faculty of Forestry, SUNY Coll. Environ. Sci., and For., Syracuse, NY.
Seymour, R.S., and M.L. Hunter, Jr. 1992. New Forestry in eastern spruce-fir forests: Principles and applications in Maine. Univ. Me., Me. Agric. Expt. Stn., Misc. Publ. 716.
Urban, D.L., R.V. O’Neill, and H.H. Shugart. 1987. Landscape ecology: A hierarcial perspective can help scientists understand spatial patterns. Biosci. 37(2):119-127.
SILVICULTURE ...
... the art of producing and tending forest stands
... by applying scientifically acquired knowledge
... to control establishment, composition, and growth
Positive control …
... to make the forest more useful
... based on the objectives
Silviculture
Drawing on many disciplines for ideas and techniques ...
A process for solving problems ...
… devising practical approaches for makinga forest better
… with respect to a landowners objectives
SILVICULTURE ...
... a synthesis
… a process
Silviculture funnels knowledge into information for practical use ...Nyland 1998
Silviculture causes acceptable and desirableecologic changes ...
... to bring desirable economic benefits
- financial- institutional- social
... an important aspect of ecosystem management
… or sustainable forestry
... enhancing many values through deliberate management
ECOLOGICALLY…
Silviculture alters vegetation to change the physical environment, community structure, and community composition ...
- to cause various kinds and magnitudeskinds and magnitudes ofvegetation responses
- that address well-defined objectives… the economic / social part
… ecologically viable and economically pertinent
A more deliberate effort to focus more on the ecologic basisfor sustainable management and use …
... and to integrate non-market factors
Bringing together the …
... ecologic
... social
... financial
So what has changed through time ...
… melding the alternativesto diversify the benefits
... at the convergenceconvergence of these components
Ecosystem management occurs ...
Remember this ?
... an idea not foreign to historic forestry
THE PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS:
1. Determine the landowner’s objectives
2. Evaluate existing stand conditions
3. Identify the options
4. Quantify the likely outcome of each one
5. Drop unsuitable options
6. Explain the viable alternatives
7. Help the landowner decide
8. Implement the prescription
9. Evaluate the results
Ecologicand
economic
... actively bringing these together
Promoting convergenceconvergence ...
All based on the OBJECTIVES ...
... from among the ecologically acceptable options
... ones that make both ecologic and economic sense
Two types of administrative influences oversilviculture ...
1. Those influencing INITIAL PLANNING
... and scheduled replanning
2. Those altering EXISTING programs
... at unscheduled times
And what economic factors influence decisions ...
… each requiring deliberationand adaptive management
Some factors that influence INITIAL PLANNINGINITIAL PLANNING ...
- markets
- accessibility
- taxes
- overhead and operating costs
- interest on borrowed money
- rules and regulations
- ownership desires
- competition from other firms
- etc.
... these reveal a directiondirection for silviculture
... these influence the intensity intensityintensity of silviculture
… defining the bounds for action on the silvicultural surface
CONCEPT
DRIVEN
INP
UT
S
SILVICULTURE MERECUTTING ECOLOGICALLYIRREVERSIBLE
Yet economic constraints may limit actions …
.... keeping you in a limited box
... oh, the wonder of it all
Through good judgment …
… and creative thinking
D. Koten lumps the planning factors into four groups ...