Silicon Nanowires Research Report Supplementary

8/9/2019 Silicon Nanowires Research Report Supplementary

1/20

tfgoXF OEOAZF\GX

Xheifoj Xfifhao DgsfhgxTaze|dx tbg Etamfh Xheig

@abo Eihahk ">>75:2>5&

X|fdbe| Lwiwxw ">>7>2522&Etbe|se Foemde| ">>75>75>752&

Xw~g|sfxa|0 D| P/ Dw||eof


4/20

e j g 4 a c 4


6/20

e j g 3 a c < >

MGGTFOJ MFOWTGX 5

Detg!Tfmg0 Maodev) 2

Iahetfao0 GGG Hec

Ettgodggx0 Etbe|se Foemde| "EF&; Sfxbeotb Oe|eveo "SO&; Eif Xbed "EX&; @abo Eihahk "@E&;

Xbexbzet Xe~|g "XX&; X|fdbe| Lwiwxw "XL&; K|fxboe Zbftg "KZ&

Elxgot0 [oaog]

Xwl`ght mettg|0 Fot|adwhtfao ta tbg hbaxgo ^|a`ght

Dfxhwxxfao!Ehtfao ^afot Ehtfsg ^g|xao

5 J|aw~ meoejg|x hbaxgo0 Etbe|se Foemde| # Sfxbeotb Oe|eveo

< ^|a`ght |guwf|gmgotx

~ejg tghbofhei |g~a|t

a &

EF) SO

8 Uwfhk fot|adwhtfao ta ta~fh

Hw||got tghboaiajvHe|lao Oeoatwlgx

a Wxgx eod ifmftetfao

XfOZx besg zfdg |eojg ac e~~ifhetfaox; |eojfoj c|am Lfaiajfhei

dgsfhgx ta mfh|a-gojfogg|foj eod ~bvxfhx "Uweotwm&

e~~ifhetfaox

XfOZ besg uwftg dfccg|got ~|a~g|tfgx tbeo He|lao Oeoatwlgx

fohiwdfoj edseotejgx ac gsgo xmeiig| xheigx) gight|fhei

~|a~g|tfgx eod uweotwm mghbeofhei gccghtx/

XL

4 Xhbgdwig mggtfoj zftb D| Dw||eof ca| accfhfei l|fgc0 2 SO


7/20

e j g : a c < >

MGGTFOJ MFOWTGX 4

Ettgodggx0 EF; SO; EX; @E; XX; XL; KZ; D| Dw||eof

Elxgot0 [oaog]

Xwl`ght mettg|0 Lehkj|awod |gxge|hb metg|feix) aw| sg|v cf|xt |gxge|hb ~e~g| xwmme|v ex e

j|aw~


5 Xgsg|ei |gxaw|hgx zg|g ~|asfdgd lv D| Dw||eof

Laak Cwodemgoteix ac Mgdg|o SIXF Dgsfhgx "Tew|) Hbe~tg|x

8 # 4&

Iaoj!Xba|t Hbeoogi MAXCGTX eod MAXCGT xheifoj eod

Oeoaxhfifhao "Sf`ev Kwme| Hb 7-3&

D| Hbe|igx Ifglg| eod bfx |gxge|hb ~e~g|x

D| Dw||eof

< \ged Hb 7 "Xfifhao Oeoazf|gx # Oeoazf|g Bgtg|axt|whtw|gx& ac

Oeoaxfifhao haiightfsgiv eod z|ftg xwmme|fgx ao fodfsfdwei xghtfaox/

Fodfsfdwei xghtfaox ta |ged0

Eii

7/


8/20

e j g 2 a c < >

MGGTFOJ MFOWTGX 8

Detg!Tfmg0 Zgdogxdev) >7 Oasgmlg| >2

Iahetfao0 GGG Ham~ Ielx 8>4

Ettgodggx0 EF; SO; EX; @E; XX; XL; KZ

Elxgot0 [oaog]

Xwl`ght mettg|0 ^|aj|gxx hbghk ao xwmme|v d|ect ac Oeoaxfifhao laak "Hb 7&


5 \g~a|t ao foham~igtg foftfei |gxge|hb dwg ta atbg| fmmfogot dgedifogx

< Dgedifog ac |gxge|hb grtgodgd ex ft zex hige| tbet tbg metg|fei zex

lgvaod aw| xviielwx/ Tbg tghbofhei ~e~g|x zg|g eixa dfccfhwit ta |ged fo

tbg lgjfoofoj/ Dgedifog ta xgod xwmme|fgx ta EF grtgodgd ta 55tb

Oas

>2

8 A|jeofxg mggtfoj zftb D| Dw||eof ca| 52

Ejgode0

Dfxhwxx Hb 7 xwmme|v eod jefo xamg hammgotx eod cw|tbg| tf~x ao

|gedfoj tghbofhei ~e~g|x eod grt|ehtfoj |gigseot foca|metfao/

SO

4 Ogrt mggtfoj0 52


9/20

e j g 6 a c < >

MGGTFOJ MFOWTGX 4

Detg!Tfmg0 Zgdogxdev) 5< Oasgmlg| >2

Iahetfao0 GGG :>4

Ettgodggx0 EF; SO; EX; @E; XX; XL; KZ; D| Dw||eof

Elxgot0 [oaog]

Xwl`ght mettg|0 Hammgotx ao ~|ehtfhg xwmme|v eod jwfdgifogx ca| |g~a|t z|ftfoj


5 Cggdlehk ao xwmme|v

Oa me`a| ogjetfsg h|ftfhfxm

< Aw| dghfdgd |g~a|t xt|whtw|g ~wt ca|ze|d ta D| Dw||eof/

\g~a|t z|ftfoj Jwfdgifogx jfsgo ta wx

Cahwx ao se|fawx e~~ifhetfaox!dgsfhgx ac XfOZ

Cfsg dfccg|got e~~ifhetfaox ta lg dfxhwxxgd

Mfofmwm 7> |gcg|gohgx

Xt|whtw|g ca| fodfsfdwei xghtfaox ao gehb e~~ifhetfao0

Cahwx ao dgsfhgx meowcehtw|gd c|am XfOZ

a ^|aj|gxx ao dgsfhg xa ce|

Meowcehtw|foj ~|ahgxx ac XfOZ eod tbg dgsfhg

^|a~g|tfgx ac dgsfhg fohiwdfoj gight|fhei hbe|ehtg|fxtfhx g/j F-S

~iatx

Mgexw|gmgot ac dgsfhg/ Latb ~bvxfhei eod gight|fhei

mgexw|gmgotx

Merfmwm xghtfao igojtb cfsg ~ejgx

8 XL gr~|gxxgd fotg|gxt fo xtwdvfoj e Uweotwm e~~ifhetfao ac XfOZ

E~~ifhetfaox dghfdgd0

XfOZ CGTx

Oaosaietfig mgma|v eod hf|hwftx

Uweotwm Dgsfhg

Lfa-xgoxa|x

a DOE dgtghtfao

a Heohg|awx hgii dgtghtfao

a Dgtghtfao ac lfame|kg|x fo ifsg hgiix

@E; KZ

EX

XL

SO

XX; EF

XX; EF

4 Ogrt mggtfoj0 2 "tza zggkx&


10/20

e j g 5 > a c < >

MGGTFOJ MFOWTGX 7

Detg!Tfmg0 C|fdev) 2

Iahetfao0 GGG Ham~ Ielx


Elxgot0 [oaog]

Xwl`ght mettg|0 \gmfodg| ac dgedifogx ca| z|fttgo |g~a|t/ Texk eiiahetfao |gsfxfao


5 ^|a`ght eiiahetfaox zg|g |gsfxgd ectg| ~|gsfawx mggtfoj dwg ta |g~a|tx

ac xamg e~~ifhetfaox lgfoj taa xfmfie|/

\gsfxgd eiiahetfaox zg|g xgot awt lv gmefi ectg| haw~ig ac devx ac

~|gsfawx mggtfoj eod e|g ex caiiazx0

Oaosaietfig mgma|v c|am Maighwig-Jetgd Oeoazf|gx

Df|ght Wit|exgoxftfsg gight|fhei dgtghtfao ac DOE # DOE

xguwgohg se|fetfaox wxfoj oeoazf|g oeoaxgoxa|x

Cfgid Gccght T|eoxfxta|x

Iftbfwm lettg|fgx zftb XfOZ eoadgx

Xaie| hgiix c|am XfOZ

EX

SO

@E; KZ

EF

XX; XL

< X|fdbe| zex woelig ta cfod xwccfhfgot foca|metfao ao Uweotwm

e~~ifhetfaox ac XfOZx tbwx zex eiiahetgd Xaie| Hgiix c|am XfOZ zftb

Xbexbzet/

8 Ham~igtgd z|ftg w~ ac gehb e~~ifhetfao zex gr~ghtgd lv 56

"cf|xt dev ac X~|foj tg|m&/

Tbfx eiiazx ca| grt|e tfmg ta ham~fig tbg |g~a|t zftb ha||ght ca|mettfoj)

gdftfoj eod z|ftfoj eo Elxt|eht) Fot|adwhtfao eod e Haohiwxfao/

4 Zglxftg xwlmfxxfao zftb |g~a|t/

Zglxftg haotgot ta lg tbg xemg ex tbg |g~a|t ca| maxt ac tbg xghtfaox

eod tbwx dgedifog xgt ex 52tb @eo >6/ Tfmg eiiazgd ca| dgxfjo/

EX

7 EF; XX; XL gr~|gxxgd fotg|gxt ca| jfsfoj tbg ~|gxgotetfao "6&

Ta lg dfxhwxxgd fo dgtefi taze|dx tbg god ac tbg |g~a|t z|ftfoj

EF; XX; XL

3 Ogrt mggtfoj0 54t

@eo >6 "zftb D| Dw||eof&


11/20

e j g 5 5 a c < >

MGGTFOJ MFOWTGX 3

Detg!Tfmg0 Zgdogxdev) 54 @eowe|v >6



Elxgot0 [oaog]

Xwl`ght mettg|0 Cggdlehk ao cf|xt d|ect ac z|fttgo |g~a|t


5 Cggdlehk c|am D| Dw||eof ao |g~a|t

Edd e xg~e|etg meowcehtw|foj xghtfao ham~figd "# gdftgd& c|am

eii tbg meowcehtw|foj xwlxghtfaox ac gehb e~~ifhetfao

Edd xwlxghtfao ao ^iexme-gobeohgd Hbgmfhei Se~aw|

Dg~axftfao "^GHSD& xvotbgxfx mgtbad ac XfOZ

Fot|adwhtfao "EF& eod Haohiwxfao "XX& ta lg eddgd "5~ejg

gehb&

EX

SO

EF; XX

< Eii ac elasg ta lg xgot ta @abo lv 6 ca| cfoei ham~fietfao eod

gdftfoj/ @abo ta eixa hbghk jgog|ei j|emme|) ievawt eod ciaz ac |g~a|t/

Cfoei dgedifog ca| ham~figd |g~a|t0 6/

@E

8 Ogrt mggtfoj ao 6 ta dfxhwxx tbg cfoei ham~figd d|ect/


13/20

e j g 5 8 a c < >

4/T|gexw|v \g~a|t

Ca| tbfx |gxge|hb ~|a`ght aw| j|aw~ zex eiiahetgd e lwdjgt ac 7> ca| eov gr~goxgx fohw||gd/ Tbfx

fohiwdgd ~|fotfoj ac |gxge|hb metg|fei) ha~fgx ac tbg mefo |g~a|t eod tbfx xw~~igmgote|v cfig eod eov

xtetfaoe|v wxgd/

Tbg caiiazfoj leieohg xbggt xbazx tbg tatei haxtx fohw||gd fo ham~igtfoj tbfx |gxge|hb ~|a`ght/

Uweotftv Haxt "&

\gxge|hb \g~a|t "8> ^ejgx& < 55/>>

Xw~~igmgote|v cfig " ^ejgx& 5 7/7>

Tatei Haxt0 53/7>

^|a`ght Lwdjgt0 7>/>>

Gr~goxgx0 53/7>

Lwdjgt \gmefofoj0 88/7>


14/20

e j g 5 4 a c < >

7/Fodfsfdwei Haot|flwtfaox

Tbfx xghtfao haotefox oatgx ao haot|flwtfaox medg lv gehb mgmlg| ac tbg tgem ta tbg ~|a`ght/ Ft

bfjbifjbtx tbgf| |gx~aoxflfiftfgx eod tbg fm~eht ao tbfx |gxge|hb ~|a`ght ex e zbaig/

7/5 Etbe|se Foemde|

Ca| tbfx |gxge|hb ~|a`ght) F bed tekgo ao aog ac tbg maxt fm~a|teot |aig ac e ~|a`ght meoejg|/ F zex

|gx~aoxflig ca| ~|a`ght ~ieoofoj fohiwdfoj tfmg meoejgmgot/ Dw|foj tbg cf|xt zggk ac tbg ~|a`ght

foftfeifxetfao) F d|gz e Jeott hbe|t ~ieoofoj eii a| maxt ac tbg me`a| texkx et beod/ Tbfx fx xbazo ex

liehk lexgifog le|x ao tbg Jeott hbe|t fo tbfx xw~~igmgote|v cfig/ F wxgd e ~|acgxxfaoei ~ehkejg

"Mfh|axact ^|a`ght& ta ~ieo tbg ~|a`ght ta eiiaz merfmwm ehhw|ehv eod |gxaw|hg eiiahetfaox lexgd ao

tbg tv~fhei za|kfoj ~ettg|ox ac xtwdgotx/ Atbg| meoejgmgot texkx fohiwdgd exxfjofoj dgifsg|eligx ta

tgem mgmlg|x e~~|a~|fetgiv eod ehhw|etgiv/

F lgifgsg hammwofhetfao zftbfo tbg tgem fx sg|v fm~a|teot xa F medg xw|g gsg|vaog zex

hammwofhetfoj |gjwie|iv ao tbgf| ~|aj|gxx eod oatfcvfoj mg a| D| Dw||eof ac eov uwgxtfaox tbet zg|g

|efxgd/ Tbg ~|fme|v ca|m ac hammwofhetfao zex j|aw~ mggtfojx eod gmefix/ Bazgsg|) xfohg eii ac

tgem e|g jaad c|fgodx ft mgeot tbet foca|mei mggtfojx zawid eixa |efxg xamg ~afotx |gje|dfoj hg|tefo

ex~ghtx ac tbg ~|a`ght/

Mv xghaod mefo |gx~aoxflfiftv zex ta |gxge|hb eod z|ftg e zbaig xghtfao ao e wofuwg e~~ifhetfao ac

XfOZx/ F hbaxg ta |gxge|hb wxg ac XfOZx fo eoadgx ca| iftbfwm lettg|fgx/ E ~|ehtfhg ac |gxge|hbfoj

eod |gedfoj tghbofhei ~e~g|x ~|asfdgd lv D|/ Dw||eof) efdgd fo lgttg| wodg|xteodfoj ham~igr ~e~g|x/

\gxge|hb zex he||fgd awt wxfoj aoifog xg|sfhgx xwhb ex FXF Zgl ac Koazigdjg) MgteIfl) aoifog

heteiajwgx ac FGGG R~ia|g) Emg|fheo Hbgmfhei Xahfgtv eod Oetw|g e|hbfsgx/ Ft xbawid lg oatgd tbet

mv |gxge|hb fo tbfx cfgid fohiwdgd meowcehtw|g ac XfOZx wxfoj HSD-SIX zbfhb fx fohiwdgd fo e

xg~e|etg xghtfao fo tbg mefo |g~a|t/ Tbfx |gxge|hb eod z|ftg-w~ ac fodfsfdwei xghtfaox zex a|fjfoeiiv

xhbgdwigd ta lg ham~igtgd dw|foj tbg Hb|fxtmex l|gek) bazgsg| tbfx zex dgievgd eod tbwx tbg |gxt ac

tbg texkx zg|g eifjogd ehha|dfojiv/

Mv atbg| |gx~aoxflfiftfgx fohiwdgd bgi~foj zftb mefo |g~a|t ham~fietfao eod ham~fifoj eod gdftfoj tbfx

xw~~igmgote|v cfig/ F ~|asfdgd fo~wt ao tbg ca|mettfoj ac tbg |g~a|t eod tbg zglxftg/ F zex eixa

|gx~aoxflig ca| hammwofhetfaox zftb D| Dw||eof/ F besg hbaxgo ta ~|gxgot tbfx ~|a`ght eiaoj zftb e cgz

atbg|x/ Tbfx |gx~aoxflfiftv fohiwdgx h|getfoj tbg ~|gxgotetfao eod zfii eixa fohiwdg tbg tfmg

meoejgmgot eod texk exxfjomgot/

F zbaiiv haot|flwtgd e xghtfao tftigd Iftbfwm lettg|fgx zftb xfifhao oeoazf|g eoadgx) zbfhb F lgifgsg

bex medg e xfjofcfheot haot|flwtfao ta tbg |gxge|hb |g~a|t/ Tb|awjb mv |aig ex e ~|a`ght meoejg|) F

goxw|gd tbg xmaatb |woofoj ac tbg tgem fohiwdfoj kgg~foj gsg|vaog ao t|ehk ca| tbg cfoei dgedifog/


15/20

e j g 5 7 a c < >

7/< Sfxbeotb Oe|eveo

Mv mefo |gx~aoxflfiftv ca| tbg >2!>6

7/8 Eif Xbed

Ca| tbfx j|aw~ ~|a`ght F dgxfjogd eod xgt w~ tbg zglxftg) F dgxfjogd eod bgi~gd gdft tbg mefo |g~a|t) F

z|atg e xghtfao zftbfo tbg |g~a|t "Oaosaietfig Mgma|v wxfoj Maighwig-Jetgd Oeoazf|gx&) eod F

ham~figd tbg Xfifhao Oeoazf|g Xvotbgxfx tajgtbg|/

F zex ~|gsfawxiv eiiahetgd ta lg ~e|tog|gd zftb Sfxbeotb eod zg zg|g xwlxguwgotiv jfsgo tza

|gxge|hb ~e~g|x ta dfxhwxx ca| tbg |g~a|t/ Lgtzggo wx zg hbaxg tbg |gxge|hb ~e~g| tbet zg

~g|xaoeiiv ifkgd ta z|ftg elawt xa F hbaxg tbg ~e~g| elawt e~~ifhetfaox zftbfo oaosaietfig mgma|v/ F

xfctgd tb|awjb meov ~e~g|x ta jefo lehkj|awod koazigdjg ac xamg ac tbg tghboaiajfgx lgfoj

fosgxtfjetgd eod tbgo cahwxxgd ao tbg fm~a|teot ~e~g|x zbgo z|ftfoj mv |g~a|t gotftigd Oaosaietfig

Mgma|v wxfoj Maighwig-Jetgd Oeoazf|gx/ F cawod ft fm~a|teot ta hgot|g tbg |g~a|t ao tbg cwtw|g wxgx

ac tbg tghboaiajv zbfhb F meoejgd ta ifok ta Maa|gx Iez eod tbg haotfowfoj t|god ca| xmeiig| eod

xmeiig| dgsfhgx/

Aohg zg ham~figd eii tbg fodfsfdwei |g~a|tx tajgtbg| zg oatfhgd tbet tbg|g zex haoxteot asg|ie~~foj

ex gsg|vladv zex dgxh|flfoj tbg cel|fhetfao ~|ahgxx ac xfifhao oeoazf|gx/ Ft zex dghfdgd tbet e

xghtfao ectg| tbg fot|adwhtfao ac tbg mefo |g~a|t xbawid lg eddgd gotftigd Xfifhao Oeoazf|g Xvotbgxfx/

F zex jfsgo tbg |gx~aoxflfiftv ac haiightfoj tbg foca|metfao ao cel|fhetfao c|am gehb fodfsfdwei |g~a|t

eod ham~fifoj ft fo e hige| eod habg|got meoog| ta ja wodg| tbg xvotbgxfx xghtfao; tbfx eixa fohiwdgd

mv z|ftg w~ ao tbg iexg| exxfxtgd heteivtfh j|aztb mgtbad/

F eixa oamfoetgd mvxgic ca| tbg |aig ac dgxfjofoj tbg zglxftg ex F besg iatx ac ~|gsfawx gr~g|fgohg fo

tbfx cfgid/ F dghfdgd ta lwfid tbg zglxftg wxfoj e haotgot meoejgmgot xvxtgm heiigd @aamie% zftbzbfhb F bed ige|ot baz ta wxg asg| tbg xwmmg|/ Ft zex uwftg e igojtbv ~|ahgxx ta xgt w~ tbg zglxftg

eod gotg| tbg |gigseot foca|metfao aota ft) bazgsg|) F em sg|v be~~v zftb tbg awthamg eod tbg meov

baw|x x~got besg ~efd acc/ F t|fgd ta kgg~ tbg zglxftg ex xfm~ig ex ~axxflig zftb cahwx ao gexg ac wxg

zbfixt mefotefofoj cwii cwohtfaoeiftv/

Cfoeiiv F bgi~gd zftb tbg gdft ac tbg mefo |g~a|t/ F em uwftg e oget eod h|getfsg ~g|xao xa F foxfxtgd tbet

F bgi~ gdft ex F em eixa uwftg ~gdeotfh zftb jgttfoj tbfojx ~g|cght/ Ca| tbfx F dgxfjogd tbg c|aot ~ejg

eod tbg ievawt xhbgmg) zbfhb tfgd fo zftb tbg zglxftg xt|whtw|g) eod eixa bgi~gd @abo eod Xbexbzet

zftb tvfoj eii tbg xghtfaox tajgtbg| eod kgg~foj |gcg|gohgx eod he~tfaox haoxfxtgot/

F cggi tbet hammwofhetfao zftbfo tbg j|aw~ zex jaad eod gsg|vaog bgi~gd awt zftb tbg |g~a|t/ Aw|

j|aw~ zex xwhb tbet zg bgi~gd gehb atbg| awt fc zg bed eov ~|aligmx eod zg bed jaad tgemza|k

eod igedg|xbf~ zbfhb he||fgd wx tb|awjb ta tbg ham~igtfao ac tbg |g~a|t/


17/20

e j g 5 : a c < >

7/4 @abo Eihahk

Mv ~|fme|v |aig fo tbg j|aw~ ~|a`ght zex ta |gxge|hb xfifhao oeoazf|g-lexgd t|eoxfxta|x) c|am tbgf|

fohg~tfao ta tbg hw||got xtetg ac tbg e|t/ F zex eixa |gx~aoxflig ca| ham~fietfao ac tbg cfoei |g~a|t d|ectx)

zbfhb fosaisgd d|ezfoj tajgtbg| tbg se|fawx xghtfaox z|fttgo lv tbg atbg| tgem mgmlg|x eod

goxw|foj haoxfxtgohv ac xtvig eod |gcg|gohfoj tb|awjbawt/

Mv foftfei |gxge|hb fota oeoazf|g t|eoxfxta|x hemg c|am e laak |ghammgodgd lv aw| xw~g|sfxa|0

Oeoaxfifhao) lv Sfèv Kwme|/ F zex |guwf|gd ta z|ftg e l|fgc xwmme|v ac aog ac ftx hbe~tg|x) zbfhb

jesg eo asg|sfgz ac baz grehtiv xfifhao oeoazf|gx zg|g wxgd fo tbfx e~~ifhetfao/ C|am tbfx ~afot F bed

e jaad fdge ac zbet kfod ac ~e~g| zex |guwf|gd) eod wxgd Jaajig Xhbaie| ta ~g|ca|m e cf|xt ~bexg ac

|gxge|hb/ Bazgsg|) F uwfhkiv |geifxgd tbet ft zex foedguwetg ca| fo-dg~tb gr~ia|etfao ac tbg ta~fh) eod

tw|ogd ta Mgteifl eod fodfsfdwei àw|oei zglxftgx ta altefo tbg |gigseot foca|metfao/ F wxgd cgz laakx

fo mv |gxge|hb F cawod tbet eitbawjb tbgv ~|asfdgd wxgcwi lehkj|awod |gedfoj) e ta~fh xwhb ex

oeoatghboaiajv masgx grt|gmgiv uwfhkiv eod xa tbgv zg|g fogsfteliv awt ac detg/ Tbg lgxt

foca|metfao zex ~|asfdgd lv x~ghfeifxt àw|oeix xwhb ex Oeoatghboaiajv/

Aohg F bed e ie|jg xgightfao ac ~e~g|x) F d|gz w~ e ~ieo ac baz mv |g~a|t zex ta lg xt|whtw|gd/ Tbfx

eiiazgd mg ta xgg |awjbiv zbg|g gehb ~e~g| cft fo) ex zgii ex zbg|g ma|g |gxge|hb zex oggdgd/

C|am tbfx) F zex elig ta z|ftg elawt tbg bfxta|v) cel|fhetfao ~|ahgxx eod hw||got xtetg ac tbg e|t ac

oeoazf|g t|eoxfxta|x/ Tbfx zex tbgo xgot ta e tgem igedg|/

F ietg| |ghgfsgd lehk e |awjb d|ect ac tbg cwii cfoei |g~a|t) zftb xghtfaox c|am maxt tgem mgmlg|x

fohiwdgd/ Zg bed ge|ifg| tekgo tbg dghfxfao ta haoxaifdetg eii foca|metfao elawt tbg meowcehtw|g acdgsfhgx oge| tbg xte|t ac tbg dahwmgot fo a|dg| ta mfofmfxg dw~ifhetfao eh|axx xghtfaox/ Mv cf|xt xtg~

zex tbg|gca|g ta |ged ft fo cwii eod goxw|g tbet tbfx bed lggo xwhhgxxcwiiv ehbfgsgd lgca|g edd|gxxfoj

eov atbg| dw~ifhetfao/ Ectg| tbfx) F |gowmlg|gd eii tbg dahwmgot |gcg|gohgx) cfjw|gx eod teligx fo e

haoxfxtgot xtvig) l|gekfoj tbgm dazo lv xghtfao zbg|g oghgxxe|v/ Ft zex eixa fm~a|teot ta haoteht

atbg| tgem mgmlg|x zbg|g F cgit tbet ~e|t ac tbgf| |g~a|t oggdgd cw|tbg| gr~ieoetfao) eod ta |guwgxt

w~detgd ha~fgx ac tbgf| xghtfaox/ Fo eddftfao) tbg asg|eii egxtbgtfhx ac tbg |g~a|t bed ta lg edd|gxxgd0

caot xfpgx eod haiaw|x se|fgd eh|axx |g~a|tx) eod tbgxg zg|g gdftgd ca| e haoxfxtgot iaak/

Asg|eii) F cgit tbet tbg tgem za|kgd zgii/ Zg bgid |gjwie| mggtfojx fo zbfhb zg hawid |efxg eov fxxwgx

tbet zg bed gohawotg|gd/ Tbgxg zg|g dfxhwxxgd lgca|g e xaiwtfao zex e||fsgd et/ Tbg dfsfxfao ac za|k

xt|whk e jaad leieohg0 ft eiiazgd wx ta ~g|ca|m fo-dg~tb |gxge|hb zftbawt asg|xt|gthbfoj aw|xgisgx/

Hammwofhetfao zftbfo tbg tgem zex eixa jaad) zftb gmefi mgxxejgx lgfoj wxgd gccghtfsgiv ta foca|m

mgmlg|x ac ogz dgsgia~mgotx/


18/20

e j g 5 2 a c < >

7/7 X|fdbe| Lwiwxw

Mv ~|fme|v |aig zex ta |gxge|hb eod z|ftg e xghtfao elawt tbg ~bvxfhx eod hbe|ehtg|fxtfhx ac xfifhao

oeoazf|gx ca| xaie| gog|jv be|sgxtfoj/ Ma|gasg| F em jafoj ta haot|flwtg ma|g ta tbg ~|a`ght lv jfsfoj

tbg ~|gxgotetfao eiaoj zftb Xbexbzet Xe~|g/ F eixa bgi~gd fo |gha|dfoj tbg mfowtgx ca| mggtfojx/

Foftfeiiv) gehb j|aw~ mgmlg| bed ta |ged e xghtfao c|am tbg laak Oeoaxfifhaolv Sf`ev Kwme| eod

z|ftg e xwmme|v/ Zg tbgo jat x~ift fo xmeii j|aw~x eod F bed ta z|ftg elawt tbg ~bvxfhx eod

hbe|ehtg|fxtfhx ac xfifhao oeoazf|gx ca| xaie| gog|jv be|sgxtfoj/ Tbg |gcg|gohg ifxt ac tbg laak

Oeoaxfifhaojesg mg e jaad xte|tfoj ~afot eod F mefoiv wxgd Mgteifl c|am tbg dfjftei ifl|e|v ac tbg

Fm~g|fei Haiigjg Ifl|e|v ta xge|hb ca| e jaad |gsfgz ~e~g| |gje|dfoj mv ta~fh/ ^batasaitefh eod

~batagight|ahbgmfhei haosg|xfao ac xaie| gog|jv lv J|etpgi) M eod Oeoa|adx eod oeoatwlgx ca|

Xaie| Hgiix lv Kfxivwk) S/S/ eod Dfmft|fgs) A/^/ ~|asfdgd e jaad xte|tfoj ~afot/ Tbg ca|mg| l|fgciv

dfxhwxxgd tbg ~bvxfhx ac ~ieoe| xaie| hgiix eod c|am tbg iettg| F cawod e ~e~g| zbfhb eoeivxgd tbg

elxa|~teohg ac xfifhao oeoazf|g e||evx fo tbg |gcg|gohg ifxt/ Tbgo F cawod ~e~g|x zbfhb ham~e|gd tbg

hbe|ehtg|fxtfhx ac ~ieoe| xaie| hgiix ta hgiix wxfoj xfifhao oeoazf|gx eod zbfhb gr~iefogd tbg

hbe|ehtg|fxtfhx ac ~e|tfhwie| xfifhao oeoazf|gx ca| ~batasaitefhx/

\fjbt oaz F em lgjfoofoj ta ~|g~e|g ca| tbg ~|gxgotetfao) zbfhb F em jafoj ta baid zftb Xbexbzet lv

|gedfoj tb|awjb tbg xghtfaox ac atbg| ~ga~ig eod xamg ac tbg |gigseot ~e~g|x fo a|dg| ta wodg|xteod

ft/

Eii fo eii) F cawod tbet zg za|kgd zgii ex e tgem/ X~ifttfoj tbg za|k goeligd gehb j|aw~ mgmlg| ta da

dgtefigd |gxge|hb eod z|ftg tbgf| xghtfao zftbawt eov ham~ifhetfaox/ Zg bgid |gjwie| mggtfojx zftbfoaw| j|aw~ fo a|dg| ta |gxaisg fxxwgx/

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