SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2016 4541/1 KIMIA JANGAN · PDF file7 In the electrolysis of concentrated sodium chloride solution, chloride ions are chosen for discharged at the anode instead
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13 A cold pack can be placed on the forehead of a patient with high fever to reduce the body temperature. Which of the following reaction can be used in the cold pack?
Pek sejuk boleh diletakkan pada dahi pesakit yang mengalami demam panas untuk mengurangkan suhu badan. Tindak balas manakah boleh digunakan dalam pek sejuk?
A Dissolving solid calcium chloride in water Melarutkan pepejal kalsium klorida dalam air
B Dissolving magnesium sulphate powder in water Melarutkan serbuk magnesium sulfat dalam air
C Dissolving sodium hydroxide pellets in water Melarutkan pelet natrium hidroksida dalam air
D Dissolving ammonium chloride crystals in water Melarutkan hablur ammonium klorida dalam air
14 Diagram 3 shows part of an apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula of copper oxide.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik kuprum oksida.
Diagram 3 Rajah 3
What are the precautionary steps that need to be taken when performing this experiment?
Apakah langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil semasa menjalankan eksperimen ini?
I The combustion tube needs to be slanted slightly towards the tiny opening. Tabung pembakaran perlu dicondongkan sedikit ke arah lubang kecil.
II Hydrogen, H2 gas must be flowed through the apparatus for several minutes before heating. Gas hidrogen, H2 perlu dialirkan melalui radas itu selama beberapa minit sebelum pemanasan dijalankan.
III Hydrogen, H2 gas is flowed through the apparatus when cooling the product to room temperature. Gas hidrogen, H2 dialirkan melalui radas itu semasa menyejukkan hasil ke suhu bilik
IV During the cooling process, the flow of hydrogen gas must be stopped to prevent explossion. Semasa proses penyejukan, aliran gas hidrogen mesti dihentikan untuk mengelakkan letupan.
26 Diagram 7 shows different pairs of metals in different test tubes containing potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) solution.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan pasangan logam berbeza di dalam tabung uji berlainan yang mengandungi larutan kalium heksasianoferat (III).
Diagram 7 Rajah 7
After a day, which test tube does not form blue spot?
Selepas satu hari, tabung uji manakah tidak membentuk tompok biru?
A Test tube I Tabung uji I
B Test tube II Tabung uji II
C Test tube III Tabung uji III
D Test tube IV Tabung uji IV
27 H2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Sulphuric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide as shown in the above equation. Which statement is correct about this equation?
Asid sulfurik bertindak balas dengan natrium hidroksida seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam persamaan di atas. Pernyataan manakah benar mengenai persamaan ini?
A 1 mole sulphuric acid reacts with 2 mole sodium hydroxide 1 mol asid sulfurik bertindak balas dengan 2 mol snatrium hidroksida
B The reaction is a precipitation reaction Tindak balas adalah tindak balas pemendakan
C Both sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide are completely reacted Kedua-dua asid sulfurik dan natrium hidroksida telah lengkap bertindak balas
D A white precipitate is formed Suatu mendakan putih terbentuk
Potassium chlorate(V) is used in making matches. The equation above represents the decomposition of potassium chlorate(V) when heated. The oxygen released supports the burning of the match stick. Which of the following is produced when 1 mole of potassium chlorate(V) is decomposed completely?
Kalium klorat(V) digunakan dalam pembuatan mancis. Persamaan di atas mewakili penguraian kalium klorat(V) apabila dipanaskan. Oksigen yang dibebaskan membantu pembakaran batang mancis. Yang manakah dihasilkan apabila 1 mol kalium klorat(V) diurai dengan lengkap?
[ Relative atomic mass: O = 16, Cl = 35.5, K =39, Avogadro constant = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1, 1 mole of gas occupies a volume of 24 dm3 at room condition ]
[Jisim atom relatif:O = 16, Cl = 35.5, K =39, Pemalar Avogadro = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1 , 1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3pada keadaan bilik ]
I 24 dm3 of oxygen gas 24 dm3gas oksigen
II 74.5 g of potassium chloride 74.5 g kalium klorida
III 6.02 x 1023 oxygen molecules 6.02 x 1023 molekul oksigen
38 Diagram 13 shows three test tubes that are left overnight to study the effect of metals P and Q on the rusting of iron and the changes are recorded as below.
Rajah 13 menunjukkan tiga tabung uji yang dibiarkan semalaman untuk mengkaji kesan logam P dan Q ke atas pengaratan besi dan perubahan direkodkan di bawah
Diagram 13 Rajah 13
Test tube
Tabung uji
Observation
Pemerhatian
Intensity of blue colour Keamatan warna biru
Presence of gas bubbles Kehadiran gelembung gas
I Low Rendah
Nil Tiada
II Nil Tiada
Plenty Banyak
III High Tinggi
Few Sedikit
Based on the observation above, which arrangement of metals P, Q and iron according to an ascending order of electropositivity is correct?
Berdasarkan pemerhatian di atas, susunan logam P, Q dan besi yang manakah mengikut susunan keelekropositifan secara menaik dengan betul?
40 Esters have many uses in daily lives and industries.Their special properties make them
suitable for the preparation of cosmetics and perfumes. Which of these properties suitable for that industries?
Ester mempunyai pelbagai kegunaan dalam kehidupan seharian dan industri. Ciri-cirinya yang istimewa menyebabkan ianya sangat sesuai untuk penyediaan kosmetik dan minyak wangi. Yang manakah antara ciri-ciri berikut sesuai dalam industri berkenaan?
A High molecular mass and low melting point Jisim molekul yang tinggi dan takat lebur yang rendah
B Sweet fruit smell and with low molecular mass. Bau wangi dan dengan jisim molekul yang rendah
C Sweet fruit smell and high molecular mass Bau wangi dan jisim molekul yang tinggi
D Strong smell and with low molecular mass. Bau tajam dan dengan jisim molekul yang rendah
42 The following equation shows the reaction to obtain soluble sulphate salt.
Persamaan berikut menunjukkan tindak balas untuk mendapatkan garam sulfat terlarutkan. H2SO4 + 2KOH → sulphate salt + H2O H2SO4 + 2KOH → garam sulfat + H2O What is the mass of sulphate salt obtained if 25cm3 1.0 moldm-3 H2SO4is used?
Berapakahjisim garam sulfat yang terhasil jika 25cm3 1.0 moldm-3 H2SO4 digunakan?
[Relative atomic mass : K=39, S=32, O=16, H=1 ] [Jisim atom relative : K=39, S=32, O=16, H=1 ]
43 In the chemical industry, chlorine and sodium hydroxide is produced through the process of electrolysis. What is the most suitable electrolyte used in this process?
Dalam perindustrian kimia, klorin dan natrium hidroksida dihasilkan melalui proses elektrolisis. Apakah elektrolit yang paling sesuai digunakan dalam proses ini?
A Molten sodium chloride Leburan natrium klorida
B Dilute sodium chloride solution Larutan cair natrium klorida
C Concentrated sodium chloride solution Larutan natrium klorida pekat
D Sodium chloride crystals Hablur natrium klorida
44 The relative formula mass of hydrated copper (II) sulphate, CuSO4.yH2O is 250. What is the value of y?
Jisim formula relatif kuprum (II) sulfat terhidrat, CuSO4.yH2O ialah 250. Berapakah nilai y?
[Relative atomic mass: H = 1, O = 16, S = 32, Cu = 64]
[Jisim atom relatif: H = 1, O = 16, S = 32, Cu = 64]
A 2
B 3
C 4
D 5
45 The chemical equation shows the reaction between sulphuric acid and potassium hydroxide.
Persamaan tindak balas menunjukkan tindak balas antara asid sulfurik dan kalium hidroksida.
H2SO4(aq) + 2KOH(aq)K2SO4(aq)+ 2H2O (l)
H2SO4(aq) + 2KOH(aq)K2SO4(aq)+ 2H2O (ce)
Find the volume of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium hydroxide solution to neutralise 20 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid.
48 A student is stung by an insect with alkaline sting. Which substance is the most suitable to be applied to treat the student?
Seorang pelajar disengat oleh serangga yang mempunyai sengatan beralkali. Bahan manakah yang paling sesuai untuk merawat pelajar itu?
A Ethanol Etanol
B Toothpaste Ubat gigi
C Vinegar Cuka
D Cooking oil Minyak masak
49 What is the oxidation number of oxygen in the sulphate ion, SO42?
Apakah nombor pengoksidaan bag sulfur dalam ion sulfat, SO42?
A +2
B +3
C +4
D +6
50 Shaun discovered that an apple that was cut into smaller pieces turned brown after several minutes. Which substance should be added to preserve the browning of apple?
Shaun mendapati bahawa epal yang dipotong kepada kepingan kecil bertukar ke warna perang selepas beberapa minit. Bahan manakah yang dapat ditambah untuk mengelakkan epal menjadi perang?
3. Each question is followed by four alternative answers, A, B, C and D. For each question, choose one answer only. Blacken your answer on the objective answer sheet provided.
Tiap-tiap soalan diikuti oleh empat pilihan jawapan, iaitu A, B, C dan D.Bagi setiap soalan, pilih satu jawapan sahaja.Hitamkan jawapan anda pada kertas jawapan objektif yang disediakan.
4. If you wish to change your answer, erase the blackened mark that you have made. Then blacken the space for the new answer.
Jika anda hendak menukar jawapan, padamkan tanda yang telah dibuat. Kemudian hitamkan jawapan yang baru.
5. The diagrams in the questions provided are not drawn to scale unless stated.
Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan.
6. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator.
Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogram.
(c) Explain the formation of two compounds from these elements. The two compounds should have different types of bonds.
Nyatakan pembentukan dua sebatian daripada unsur-unsur itu. Kedua-dua sebatian seharusnya mempunyai ikatan yang berlainan.
[10 marks] [10 markah]
8. (a) Table 8 shows the information of two types of acids.
Jadual 8 menunjukkan maklumat tentang dua jenis asid.
Acid Asid
Concentration / mol dm-3 Kepekatan / mol dm-3
pH value Nilai pH
Acid A Asid A 0.5 1
Acid B Asid B 0.5 4
Table 8 Jadual 8
Based on the information in Table 8,
Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 8, (i) Name acid A and acid B Namakan asid A dan asid B (ii) Explain why acid A and acid B with the same concentration have different pH values. Terangkan mengapa asid A dan asid B dengan kepekatan yang sama mempunyai nilai pH yang berbeza.
[5 marks] [5 markah]
(b) The following are two chemical substances. The reaction between hydrochloric acid with each
substance below can show the chemical properties of acid.
Berikut adalah dua bahan kimia. Tindak balas antara asid hidroklorik dengan setiap bahan kimia di bawah dapat menunjukkan sifat-sifat kimia asid.
Magnesium Magnesium
Calcium carbonate Kalsium karbonat
Explain the chemical reactions of the acid and write the chemical equation for each reaction.
Terangkan tindak balas asid tersebut dan tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi setiap tindak balas.
(c) Diagram 8 show the set up of apparatus and the observations involved in Set I and Set II.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan susunan radas dan pemerhatian yang terlibat bagi Set I dan Set II.
Set I
Set II
Observation : Bulb lights up Pemerhatian : Mentol menyala
Observation : Bulb does not light up Pemerhatian : Mentol tidak menyala
Diagram 8 Rajah 8
Based on the information in Diagram 8 Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Rajah 8
(i) Name an example of solvent X and solvent Y. Namakan satu contoh bagi pelarut X dan pelarut Y. (ii) Explain why the bulb in Set I lights up while the bulb in Set II does not light up. Terangkan mengapa mentol dalam Set I menyala manakala mentol dalam Set II tidak
menyala. [5 marks]
[5 markah]
(d) Fertilisers are commonly used for growing crops. Mr Rosdi, a farmer has two types of fertilisers which are ammonium suphate, (NH4)2SO4 and urea, CO(NH2)2.
Baja digunakan secara meluas untuk menyuburkan tanaman. Encik Rosdi, seorang petani, mempunyai dua jenis baja iaitu, ammonium sulfat, (NH4)2SO4 dan urea, CO(NH2)2.
(i) Name one element in the fertilisers above which is required for normal and healthy growth of plants.
Namakan satu unsur dalam baja di atas yang diperlukan untuk pertumbuhan tumbuhan yang normal dan sihat.
(ii) If you are Mr Rosdi, which fertiliser will you choose? Explain your answer.
Jika anda sebagai Encik Rosdi, baja manakah yang akan anda pilih? Terangkan jawapan anda.
9 (a) Ethanoic acid or acetic acid is a colourless liquid organic compound with the chemical formula CH3COOH. If ethanoic acid solution is electrolysed by using platinum electrode, what is the product formed at the anode and cathode?
Write a half-equation for the reaction occurred at the anode and at the cathode.
Asid etanoik atau asid asetik adalah cecair sebatian organik yang tidak berwarna dengan formula kimianya CH3COOH. Jika asid etanoik dielektrolisiskan dengan menggunakan elektrod platinum, apakah yang terhasil pada anod dan katod?
Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas yang berlaku di anod dan di katod.
[4 marks] [4 markah]
(b) The diagram below shows two cells. Cell Y is a chemical cell while cell Y is an electrolytic cell. Compare cell X and cell Y.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan dua sel. Sel X merupakan satu sel kimia manakala sel Y merupakan satu sel elektrolisis. Bandingkan sel X dan sel Y.
10 (a) Table 10.1 shows the fuel values of various fuels.
Jadual 10.1 menunjukkan nilai bahan api bagi beberapa jenis bahan api.
Fuel Bahan api
Fuel value (kJg-1) Nilai bahan api (kJg-1)
Ethanol Etanol 30
Petrol Petrol 34
Natural gas Gas asli 50
Hydrogen gas Gas hidrogen 143
Table 10.1 Jadual 10.1 (i) Based on Table 10.1 choose one fuel that is suitable to replace petrol in vehicles.
Compare the fuel that you have chosen with petrol in terms of impact to the environment. Berdasarkan Jadual 10.1, pilih satu bahan api yang sesuai untuk menggantikan petrol dalam kenderaan. Bandingkan bahan api yang anda pilih itu dengan petrol dari segi kesan terhadap persekitaran.
[5 marks] [5 markah]
(ii) Suggest one way how you can save the consumption of electrical energy in your
daily life. Cadangkan satu cara bagaimana anda boleh menjimatkan penggunaan tenaga
elektrik dalam kehidupan harian anda. [1 mark]
[1 markah]
(b) Table 10.2 shows the molecular formulae and the heat of combustion for methanol and ethanol.
Jadual 10.2 menunjukkan formula molekul dan haba pembakaran bagi metanol dan etanol.
Alcohol Alkohol
Molecular formula Formula molekul
Heat of combustion (kJmol-1) Haba pembakaran (kJmol-1)
(i) Which alcohol in Table 10.2 has a higher heat of combustion?
Alkohol manakah dalam Jadual 10.2 mempunyai haba pembakaran yang lebih tinggi?
[1 mark] [1 markah]
(ii) Based on information in Table 10.2 , explain why there is a difference in the values
of heat of combustion between methanol and ethanol. [3 marks]
Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual10.2, terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan bagi nilai haba pembakaran antara metanol dan etanol.
[3 marks] [3 markah]
(c) Describe a laboratory experiment to determine the heat of combustion of an alcohol that
has less than four carbon atoms per molecule. Your description should include:
List of materials and apparatus
Procedure
The method to calculate heat of combustion Huraikan satu eksperimen makmal untuk menentukan haba pembakaran bagi alkohol yang mempunyai kurang daripada empat atom karbon per molekul. Huraian anda haruslah merangkumi:
Senarai bahan dan radas
Prosedur
Kaedah pengiraan untuk menghitung haba pembakaran [10 marks]
Initial burette reading (cm3) Bacaan awal buret (cm3)
Final burette reading (cm3) Bacaan akhir buret (cm3)
First Pertama
Second Kedua
1. An experiment was carried out to determine the concentration of nitric acid. A burette was filled with nitric acid and 25.0 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 potassium hydroxide was added into a conical flask. Titration was carried out and phenolphthalein indicator was used.
Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk menentukan kepekatan asid nitrik. Buret diisi dengan asid nitrik dan 25.0 cm3 0.2 mol dm-3 larutan kalium hidroksida dimasukkan ke dalam sebuah kelalang kon. Pentitratan dijalankan dan penunjuk fenolftalein digunakan.
Diagram 1.1 shows the results of the experiment.
Rajah 1.1menunjukkan keputusan bagi eksperimen itu.
2. A student carried out an experiment to investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate solution and sulphuric acid.
Seorang murid telah menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan suhu ke atas kadar tindak balas antara larutan natrium tiosulfat dengan asid sulfurik.
(e) Based on the graph in (d), predict the time taken for the mark ‘X’ to disappear from sight if the experiment is carried out by using sodium thiosulphate solution at 80 ºC.
Berdasarkan graf dalam (d), ramalkan masa yang diambil bagi tanda ‘X’ tidak kelihatan jika eksperimen itu dilakukan dengan menggunakan larutan natrium tiosulfat pada suhu 80 ºC.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks] [3 markah]
(f) Classify the reactions below into slow reaction and fast reaction.
Kelaskan tindak balas di bawah kepada tindak balas perlahan dan tindak balas cepat.
3. Sarah is helping her mother to wash the clothes. She then tries to wash a pair of socks stained with oil using soap and water from two different sources as shown in Table 3. Sarah found that the cleaning was only effective when using the water from one of the sources.
Sarah sedang membantu ibunya membasuh baju.Dia cuba membasuh sepasang sarung kaki yang dikotori dengan minyak menggunakan sabun dan air daripada dua sumber yang berlainan seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 3. Sarah mendapati bahawa pencucian hanya berkesan apabila menggunakan air daripada salah satu sumber.
You are given a task to plan a laboratory experiment to study the effectiveness of the cleansing action of soap on the socks which are stained with oil using water from two different sources in Table 3.
Anda diberikan satu tugasan untuk merancang satu eksperimen makmal untuk mengkaji keberkesanan tindakan pencucian sabun ke atas sarung kaki yang dikotori dengan minyak menggunakan air daripada dua sumber berlainan di dalam Jadual 3.
Your planning should include the following aspects:
Rancangan anda harus mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut:
a) Problem statement Pernyataan masalah b) All the variables Semua pemboleh ubah c) Statement of hypothesis Pernyataan hipotesis d) List of materials and apparatus Senarai bahan dan radas e) Procedure for the experiment Prosedur eksperimen f) Tabulation of data Penjadualan data