Signal Transduction.ppt

7/18/2019 Signal Transduction.ppt

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Cell Communications andSignal Transduction

F. Ferdinal

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Tarumanagara Univ. Sch of Med



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Introduction to Cell Signaling



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ENDOCRINE HORMONES CAN BE CLASSIFIED IN

SEVERAL WAYS

• chemical composition

• solubility properties• location of receptors

• nature of the signal used to mediate hormonal action

• I. Hormones that bind to intracellular receptors

Androgens Mineralocorticoids

Calcitriol Progestins

Estrogens Retinoic acid

Glucocorticoids Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4 )

II. Hormones that bind to cell surface receptors

Classification of Hormones by Mechanism of Action



α2-Adrenergic catecholamines

β1-Adrenergic catecholamines

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Antidiuretic hormone

Calcitonin

Chorionic gonadotropin, human (CG)

Corticotropin-releasing hormoneFollicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Glucagon

Lipotropin (LPH)

Luteinizing hormone (LH)Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Somatostatin

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

A. The second messenger is cAMP





ACTH Acetylcholine

ADH α2 -Adrenergics

β-Adrenergics Angiotensin II

Calcitonin Somatostatin

Somatostatin

CRHFSH

Glucagon

hCG

LHLPH

MSH, PTH, TSH

TSH

Stimulation Adenylate Cyclasel (Hs) Inhibition (Hi)





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Membrane Receptor Classes

Figure 6-5: Four classes of membrane receptors





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S f i t t R t



Some of important Receptors



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GPCR



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RTK



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RTK



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Family of Nuclear Receptor Proteins



Family of Nuclear Receptor ProteinsDivided into 6 domains (A – F) : A/B (AF-1): modulator, DBD, LBD, AF-2



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Response of a target cell to a hormone



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Over Overview of Signal Transduction Pathways



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1. Adenylate Cyclase Signaling Pathway



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2. Phosphoinositide (PI-3K) Signaling System



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3.MAPK Signaling Pathways















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4.THE JAK/STAT SIGNALING PATHWAY(LIGAND: GH, Prolactin, EPO and CYTOKINES)



(LIGAND: GH, Prolactin, EPO and CYTOKINES)

( STAT / Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription )

5.Insulin Signaling Pathways





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6.Leptin Signaling Pathway



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7.NFκB Signaling Pathway



8.Notch/Delta Signaling Pathway



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Notch/Delta Signaling Pathway



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9.Hh/Hedgehog Signaling Pathway



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8.Hh/Hedgehog Signaling Pathway



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10.Wnt Signaling Pathway



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Overview Wnt Signaling Pathway



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11.PI3K/AKT (Survival) Signaling Pathway



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12.ROS Signaling Pathway



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13.Hypoxia Signaling Pathway





14.Hypertrophy Signaling Pathway









Interaction of cells to matrix requires

ifi t



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specific receptors

laminin

Cells adhere to ECM via specialized cell surface receptors.

The most important of these are INTEGRINS.

Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane proteins which

Depending on their subunit composition bind to distinct ECM

Ligands.

Functions of the extracellular matrix

- Provides structural/mechanical support for cells and tissues



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Provides structural/mechanical support for cells and tissues

- Provides signals for survival, morphogenesis/differentiation,

migration, proliferation

Properties of the extracellular matrix- Binds and modulates activity of growth factors

- It is dynamic in nature - undergoes constant remodeling

Components of the Extracellular MatrixStructural

Glycoproteins

FibriIlar Proteins

Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans

Catalytic Matrix Metalloproteinases

ADAMS

ADAMTS

Inhibitors

MMP INHIBITORS - TIMPS

Cell-Cell Interactions are Mediated by Four

Major Families of Proteins



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Major Families of Proteins

1) Cadherins

E-Cadherins -- Epithelial

N-Cadherins -- Neuronal

VE-Cadherins -- Vascular Endothelium

P-Cadherins -- Placenta

2) Some members of the Ig

3) Integrins

4) Selectin

(Immunoglobulin Super Family)

15. APOPTOSIS (Programmed Cell Death/PCD)











Many TK inhibitors identified:

Key for success SPECIFICITY



Key for success - SPECIFICITY



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Membrane Receptor Classes



Figure 6-5: Four classes of membrane receptors

Signal Pathways



Signal Pathways

• Signal molecule (ligand)

• Receptor

• Intracellular signal

• Target protein

• Response

Figure 6-3: Signal pathways



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Signal Transduction.ppt

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