Siemens Power Technologies International - uwig.org · Session 26: Wind & PV Modeling in PSS®E UVIG Short Course; Portland, OR; June 2014 Ross Altman Siemens PTI Siemens Power Technologies
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• Generator Pgen, Qmax, Qmin, MVAbase, and GSU MVAbase scaled by # of turbines when aggregating multiple turbines into single equivalent machine
• Wind machine explicitly identified in power flow data
• Reactive power boundary conditions :• Limits specified by QT and QB (i.e., same a non-wind machines)• Limits determined from the machine’s active power output and a specified
power factor• Fixed reactive power setting determined from the machine’s active power
output and a specified power factor (typical for induction machines)
Representation of Wind Turbine in PSS®E Dynamic Simulation
• User prepares dynamic raw data file (“dyr” file) by following example in modeling package documentation
• Two distinct groups of Wind Models:
Vendor specific models: are provided as user-written models. To represent these machines in power flow, typically designate the machines as ‘Not a Wind Machine’ in the PSS ® E power flow generator data record.
Models can be downloaded from:http://w3.usa.siemens.com/smartgrid/us/en/transmission-
PSS®E 32 and prior• Receive dyr file containing model parameters and obj/lib file containing model functionality• Add dyr to existing setup• Update conec & conet files• Compile conec & conet• Link all user-written obj/lib files with new model
Fortran compiler required
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PSS®E 33 and after• Receive dyr file containing model parameters and dll file containing model functionality• Load all user-written dll files from PSSE• Add dyr to existing setup
• Siemens PTI has been closely involved in efforts of various WECC working groups to develop generic models all 4 types (Types 1 through 4) for wind turbines.
• Idea is to create generic models that are parametrically adjustable to represent specific wind turbines available in the market.
• All 4 types became standard PSS®E models in V32 and above.
• 2nd Generation Wind Models Proposed by WECC Renewable Energy Task Force (REMTF).
• Same set of models to represent different types manufacturers by changing parameters.
• PSSE Model names for 2nd generation models:• REGCAU1, generator converter model for Types 3 & 4• REECAU1, electrical control model for Types 3 & 4• REPCAU1, plant control model for Types 3 & 4• WTDTAU1, mechanical system model for Types 3 & 4• WTPTAU1, pitch control model for Type 3• WTARAU1, aerodynamic model for Type 3• WTTQAU1, torque control model for Type 3
• The 2nd generation Renewable Energy Generic Model includes several features that can be successfully used in the course of parameterization of this model for some vendor’s implementation.
• Couple of examples:• Low Voltage Power Limit of the generator/converter REGCA module can be used to simulate
ramping up active power after fault clearing• The drive train WTDTA module can be used for mimicking the action of the controller responsible
for damping of the machine rotor torsional oscillations• Vdl1/Vdl2 look-up tables of the electrical control REECA module can be used for simulating the P-Q
Recent Developments -upgrade of the 2nd Generation RE plant controller
• Generic Renewable Plant Control Model REPCAU1 is designed to interact with the local control of the single equivalent (aggregated) unit with control of active and reactive power (Pref and Qref)
• Active power path is used for frequency control. The reactive power path may be used to control either the POI voltage or reactive power interchange between the plant and the grid or a power factor at the POI.
• Siemens PTI has upgraded the REPCAU1 model to a new REPCMU1 model with the capability to supervise multiple WTGs.
• The new REPCMU1 user written model has the same dynamics of the active and reactive power paths as a standard REPCAU1 model and a provision to supervise local controls of up to 150 WTGs.
• 1st Generation – standard in version 32• PVGU1, generator converter model• PVEU1, electrical control model• PANELU1, approximation of non-linear PV module output• IRRADU1, user-defined irradiance pattern
• 2nd Generation – standard in version 33.5• REGCAU1, generator converter model for Types 3 & 4• REECAU1, electrical control model for Types 3 & 4• REPCAU1, plant control model for Types 3 & 4
• Composite Load Model – Include basic PV component along with motor, lighting, and other load characteristics – standard in version 32
Issues in Modeling of Wind & PV type devicesOther Issues
• Wind and PV models typically are not as accurate for weak interconnections. Manufacturer should document short circuit ratio threshold the model has been validated for
• Mismatch between load flow model and dynamic model limit causes initialization errors
• 2nd Generation wind models are available in PSS®E starting version 33.4.
• 2nd Generation PV models are available in PSS®E starting version 33.5.
• Models can be parametrically adjusted to represent any specific wind turbines available in the market.
• More information:• Model description - WECC REMTF documentation, UVIG website• Generic model implementation and “generic parameters” - PSS®E PAG• Generic model data sheets - PSS®E Model Library• User-written model documentation - PSS®E support website