SID & SNA for Occupations, Sep091 Comparing social distance
and social network approaches to the analysis of social
interactions between occupations A description and project proposal
http://www.camsis.stir.ac.uk/ Presentation to: Early Career
Researchers conference on Social Network Analysis, Dept. Applied
Social Science, Univ. Stirling, 18 September 2009
http://www.camsis.stir.ac.uk/ Paul Lambert and David
GriffithsUniversity of Stirling Slide 2 SID & SNA for
Occupations, Sep092 1)Social Interaction Distance analysis of
occupations 2)Social network analysis of occupations (may need some
help!...) 3)Our current plans and summary Slide 3 SID & SNA for
Occupations, Sep093 Part 1: CAMSIS,
www.camsis.stir.ac.ukwww.camsis.stir.ac.uk Lays out a methodology
for analysing social interaction for the purpose of social
stratification research Analyse pairs of occupations linked by a
social interaction (marriage; friendship; inter- and intra-
generational connections) Use correspondence analysis (SPSS; Stata)
or RC-II association models (Stata; lEM) on pairs of occupations
Tradition of specificity: makes an empirical calculation within a
context (country; time period) Slide 4 4 Derived scores predict
frequency of interactions (#cases per cell) The scales describe one
or more dimensions of a structure of social interaction this turns
out to also represent a structure of social stratification
resulting in scale scores which measure an occupations relative
position within the structure of stratification. Husbands Job Units
Occ Units 12..407 Derived scores 75.070.0..10.0 Wifes 1 72.0
3015..0 Job 2 72.5 13170..1 Units.. 407 11.0 02..80 Slide 5 SID
& SNA for Occupations, Sep095 Slide 6 6 Slide 7 7 Slide 8 8
Example of HISCAM www.camsis.stir.ac.uk/hiscam Generation of CAMSIS
scales for 8 nations in period 1800-1938 Belgium, Britain, Canada,
France, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, USA Slide 9 Recording
occupational titles - HISCO (van Leeuwen et al. 2002) - Bespoke
national schemes (e.g. Prandy and Bottero 1998; Miles 1999) Slide
10 SID & SNA for Occupations, Sep0910 Historical microdata
Record linkage studies Family History Study [Prandy & Bottero
1998] Register databases Censuss NAPP 100% census for selected
countries, including UK, Canada, US, IPUMS US data from 19 th
Century Slide 11 SID & SNA for Occupations, Sep0911 Example: A
sample HISCAM (v0.2) scale l5_c1_s1_t1 = 5-digit, Netherlands, all,
whole time period CA percent inertia: 13130 University
teachers99Dim 1=11.8% ; Dim2=8.1% 13320 First level
teacher68.9Correlation with: 61240 Livestock farmer47.4ISEI = 0.81
(no farm=0.78) 62105 Farm worker39.2Treiman= 0.70 (no farm=0.78)
79420 Garment pattern maker60.1 79510 Hand or machine
sewer50.6Father-son correlation: 83920 Gunsmith55.6 0.45 83930
Locksmith52.6( 0.31 ISEI; 0.12 Treiman) 84230 Precision instrument
maker62.4 99920 Day Labourer43.1 Slide 12 SID & SNA for
Occupations, Sep0912 Slide 13 SID & SNA for Occupations,
Sep0913 Slide 14 SID & SNA for Occupations, Sep0914 Slide 15
SID & SNA for Occupations, Sep0915 Slide 16 SID & SNA for
Occupations, Sep0916 Contributions: Social interaction distance and
occupations CAMSIS is a Social Interaction Distance analysis
Homophily The reproduction of social inequality is both exemplified
by, and sustained through, social interactions Bottero et al. 2009;
Stewart et al. 1980 Explores the overall structure of
stratification and social inequality (probabilistic; prevalence)
Provides a potential measure of stratification position (there are
plenty others..!) Slide 17 SID & SNA for Occupations, Sep0917
2) A social network analysis of occupations The same data on pairs
of connections between occupations could be analysed as network
links Without any controls, most occupations will have at least one
connection with most others in a large dataset Griffiths has
explored criteria which define whether occupational connections
occur at least k times more often than would be expected given
their national prevalance Slide 18 SID & SNA for Occupations,
Sep0918 Scotland, 1881, k=2 Slide 19 SID & SNA for Occupations,
Sep0919 Scotland, 1881, k=4 Slide 20 SID & SNA for Occupations,
Sep0920 USA, 2000, k=2 Slide 21 SID & SNA for Occupations,
Sep0921 USA, 2000, k=2, core only Slide 22 SID & SNA for
Occupations, Sep0922 Key linking occupations? Analysing the only
three links between these groupings further demonstrates the
stratification effect. These are all instances involving
occupations with structural connections. One is the link between
artists and painting workers. The opportunity for interaction
between these occupations is clear. There are 56 other occupations
bonded to artists and 52 to painting workers. Only three of these
links are to both, all involved in woodworking or painting. The
remaining ties are largely to others within their CAMSIS quartile.
A clustering of painters, frame- makers and art preservation staff
can be identified. Whilst few barriers exist between those
responsible for the creation, production and presentation of art,
it appears they move in differing circles outside of their working
lives. (Griffiths & Lambert, 2009, unpublished application)
Slide 23 SID & SNA for Occupations, Sep0923 Contributions:
Social networks and occupations A social network analysis of
national level occupational structures could Explore
clusters/boundaries in the stratification system Identify key
linking occupations Analytical challenges include Gender effects on
occupational connections Age/life-course stage effects Criteria to
adjust for prevalence of connections Administrative definitions of
occupations Slide 24 SID & SNA for Occupations, Sep0924 3.
Project proposal We are hoping to work through the following
programme of activities (2010-2012): a)Define and disseminate
methodologies of SID and SNA applied to occupational data
b)Comparison of networks and SID ranking for at least 6 nations
(and probably more) UK, USA, Netherlands, Germany, Sweden,
Switzerland c)Exploration of the implications of educational
expansion on occupational distance and networks Occupations
cross-classified by education Occupational structures at different
points in time Slide 25 SID & SNA for Occupations, Sep0925 Our
position in summary Social interaction data involving occupations
is easy to get Social interaction patterns and networks probably
reveal different but related things Both are of interest to
exploring the crucial role of occupations in the contours of the
social structure Slide 26 SID & SNA for Occupations, Sep0926
References Bottero, W., Lambert, P. S., Prandy, K., &
McTaggart, S. (2009). Occupational Structures: The Stratification
Space of Social Interaction. In K. Robson & C. Sanders (Eds.),
Quantifying Theory: Pierre Bourdieu (pp. 141-150). Amsterdam:
Springer Netherlands. Miles, A. (1999). Social Mobility in
Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century England. London: Palgrave
MacMillan. Minnesota Population Center. (2009). Integrated Public
Use Microdata Series - International: Version 5.0. Minneapolis:
University of Minnesota. North Atlantic Population Project and
Minnesota Population Center. (2008). NAPP: Complete Count
Microdata. NAPP Version 2.0 [computer files]. Minneapolis, MN:
Minnesota Population Center [distributor] [http://www.nappdata.org]
Prandy, K., & Bottero, W. (1998). The use of marriage data to
measure the social order in nineteenth-century Britain.
Sociological Research Online, 3(1), U43-U54. Prandy, K., &
Bottero, W. (2000). Reproduction within and between generations -
The example of nineteenth-century Britain. Historical Methods,
33(1), 4-15. Stewart, A., Prandy, K., & Blackburn, R. M.
(1980). Social Stratification and Occupations. London: MacMillan.
van Leeuwen, M. H. D., Maas, I., & Miles, A. (2002). HISCO:
Historical International Standard Classification of Occupations.
Leuven: Leuven University Press.