Si S Waste Heat And Distributed Energy White 2007

www.csiro.au

Waste Heat & Distributed Energy

Stephen White

Waste Heat Stream Leader

7th February, 2007

Distributed Energy Theme

Large distant power plants supply almost all customers. In Australia the average efficiency is 33.1%

Transmission losses

Effective energy utilisation ~ 28.5%

Distribution losses

Today's “centralised” electricity system

Distributed Energy Theme

“Distributed” generation avoids 50% of your bill

Retailer10%

Wholesale40%

Transmission10%

Distribution40%

(IPART, 1999)

Distributed Energy Theme

New distributed power generators

Type Typical Size Efficiency

Solar photovoltaic/ thermal up to 3 kW Renewable

Wind turbine 30kW – 2MW Renewable

Reciprocating engines 5kW – 5MW 25-40%

Microturbine 30 – 500 kW 20-35%

Fuel cells 5 – 50 kW 35-55%

Stirling/ Rankine engines 0.5 – 3 kW 10-25%

Distributed Energy Theme

Heat from distributed generation is useful

Distributed Energy Theme

But gas is expensive too- Waste heat is a necessary extra revenue stream

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600A

nn

ual

Valu

e/

Co

st

($/y

r)

Gas Cost

Waste heat value

Electricity value

So

uth

Au

stra

lia

Vic

tori

a

New

So

uth

Wal

es

Average domestic house (4500kWh)Generator electrical efficiency = 30%Assumed 100% waste heat utilisation

Distributed Energy Theme

Waste heat research

ScienceNanoscale materials

• Catalysts, structures, interfacesMaterials fabricationThermal design

ApplicationHeat transport/ transferHeat conversion

• Cooling• Electricity• Desalination

Industrial processes

Distributed Energy Theme

Hornsby trigeneration

Project Goals

Large reduction in CO2 emissions at a single site

Showcase energy efficiency

Location

Hornsby City Library, Sydney

Method

Trigeneration (power and cooling) Microturbine Desiccant cooling

Distributed Energy Theme

Tri-generation schematic

Distributed Energy Theme

Trigeneration system during construction

Distributed Energy Theme

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Time [hr]

dh

[kJ

/kg

]

Desiccant system model validation

Enthalpy removed from the fresh supply air stream

Simulated

Measured

Distributed Energy Theme

Organic Rankine cycle

Distributed Energy Theme

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

55%

60%

65%

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Pressure Ratio

Ise

ntr

op

ic E

ffic

ien

cy

900 RPM1200 RPM1500 RPM1800 RPM

ORC fluid motor options

New Rotary Expander

Patented technology development

Benefits Simplicity/ robustness/ cost Efficiency Flexibility High capacity

Rotary Scroll

Immediate availability Semi hermetic Low noise Oil free ?

Distributed Energy Theme

Thermoelectric power generation- The ZT challenge

Distributed Energy Theme

Progress in the challenge

Distributed Energy Theme

What could the future look like ?

www.csiro.au

Thank You

Energy TechnologyDistributed Energy

Name Stephen White

Title Waste Heat Stream Leader

Phone +61 2 4960 6070

Email [email protected]

Web www.csiro.au

Contact CSIRO

Phone 1300 363 400

+61 3 9545 2176

Email [email protected]

Web www.csiro.au