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SHUNT CAPACITOR
FUNDAMENTALS ANDPROTECTION
Submitted by ; Sandeep kerketta
R !! n "#$%$&&$&$'(
E!e)tri)a! en*ineerin*
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OVERVIEW+&, Intr du)ti n
+-, C n.i*urati n/
+%, De/i*n
+0, Operati n
+1, Pr te)ti n
+2, C n)!u/i n/
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INTRODUCTION&" S3unt )apa)it r bank/ +SC4, are main!y in/ta!!ed t pr 5ide
)apa)iti5e rea)ti5e ) mpen/ati n6p 7er .a)t r ) rre)ti n"-" T3ey are in/ta!!ed near t3e ! ad termina!/8 in .a)t ry /ub/tati n/8
in t3e re)ei5in* /ub/tati n/ t pr 5ide !eadin* 5 !t#ampere#rea)ti5e "
%" 4y u/in* /3unt )apa)it r/ !ine dr p i/ redu)ed and t3e 5 !ta*ere*u!ati n i/ impr 5ed"0" T3ey are /7it)3ed in 73en k9A demand n t3e di/tributi n
/y/tem ri/e/ and 5 !ta*e . bu/ dr p/"
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: Di/ad5anta*e/&" T3e main di/ad5anta*e . SC4 i/ t3at it/ rea)ti5e p 7er utput i/
pr p rti na! t t3e / uare . t3e 5 !ta*e and ) n/e uent!y 73ent3e 5 !ta*e i/ ! 7 and t3e /y/tem need t3em m /t8 t3ey are t3e!ea/t e..i)ient"
: Ad5anta*e/
&" Impr 5ement . t3e 5 !ta*e at t3e ! ad"-" 5 !ta*e re*u!ati n"
%" redu)ti n . ! //e/
0" Ma
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THE CAPACITOR UNIT AND4AN> CONFI?URATION
The Capacitor Unit&" T3e )apa)it r unit8 Fi*" %8 i/ t3e bui!din* b! )k . a
/3unt )apa)it r bank"-" T3e )apa)it r unit i/ made up . indi5idua! )apa)it r
e!ement/8 arran*ed in para!!e!6 /erie/ ) nne)ted*r up/8 7it3in a /tee! en)! /ure" T3e interna!di/)3ar*e de5i)e i/ a re/i/t r t3at redu)e/ t3e unit
re/idua! 5 !ta*e t 1$9 r !e// in 1 min"
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Capacitor unit capabilities
&" Re!ay pr te)ti n . /3unt )apa)it r bank/ re uire/ / mekn 7!ed*e . t3e )apabi!itie/ and !imitati n/ . t3e )apa)it r unitand a// )iated e!e)tri)a! e uipment in)!udin*@ indi5idua! )apa)it runit8 bank /7it)3in* de5i)e/8 .u/e/8 5 !ta*e and )urrent /en/in*
de5i)e/"-" Capa)it r/ are intended t be perated at r be! 7 t3eir rated
5 !ta*e and .re uen)y a/ t3ey are 5ery /en/iti5e t t3e/e 5a!ue/;t3e rea)ti5e p 7er *enerated by a )apa)it r i/ pr p rti na! tb t3 . t3em"
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Bank Configurations
&" T3e u/e . .u/e/ . r pr te)tin* t3e )apa)it r unit/ and it ! )ati n i/an imp rtant /ub e)t in t3e de/i*n . SC4/"
-" T3ey a!/ a..e)t t3e .ai!ure m de . t3e )apa)it r unit andin.!uen)e t3e de/i*n . t3e bank pr te)ti n"
%" Dependin* n t3e app!i)ati n any . t3e . !! 7in* ) n.i*urati n/
are /uitab!e . r /3unt )apa)it r bank/@ +&, e
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Externally Fused &" An indi5idua! .u/e8 e
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Fi*0" E
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Internally Fused &" Ea)3 )apa)it r e!ement i/ .u/ed in/ide t3e )apa)it r unit"
-" " Up n a )apa)it r e!ement .ai!ure8 t3e .u/e rem 5e/ t3e a..e)ted e!ement
n!y" T3e t3er e!ement/8 ) nne)ted in para!!e! in t3e /ame *r up8 remainin /er5i)e but 7it3 a /!i*3t!y 3i*3er 5 !ta*e a)r // t3em "
%"" 4ank/ emp! yin* interna!!y .u/ed )apa)it r unit/ are ) n.i*ured 7it3.e7er )apa)it r unit/ in para!!e! and m re /erie/ *r up/ . unit/
t3an are u/ed in bank/ emp! yin* e
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Fi* 1" Interna!!y .u/ed SC4
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Fuseless Shunt Capacitor BanksT3e )apa)it r unit/ . r .u/e!e// )apa)it r bank/ are identi)a! t t3 /e . re
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Fi* 2" Fu/e!e// SC4
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Unfused Shunt Capacitor BanksC ntrary t t3e .u/e!e// ) n.i*urati n8 73ere t3e unit/ are) nne)ted in /erie/8 t3e un.u/ed /3unt )apa)it r bank u/e/ a/erie/6para!!e! ) nne)ti n . t3e )apa)it r unit/" T3e un.u/edappr a)3 7 u!d n rma!!y be u/ed n bank/ be! 7 %0"1 k9873ere /erie/ /trin*/ . )apa)it r unit/ are n t pra)ti)a!8 r n3i*3er 5 !ta*e bank/ 7it3 m de/t para!!e! ener*y" T3i/de/i*n d e/ n t re uire a/ many )apa)it r unit/ in para!!e! a/an e
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CAPACITOR BAN !E"I#NT3e pr te)ti n . /3unt )apa)it r bank/ re uire/ under/tandin* t3eba/i)/ . )apa)it r bank de/i*n and )apa)it r unit ) nne)ti n/" T3e)apa)it r/ bank/ are arran*ement/ . /erie/6para!!e!ed ) nne)tedunit/" Capa)it r unit/ ) nne)ted in para!!e!ed make up a *r up and/erie/ ) nne)ted *r up/ . rm a /in*!e#p3a/e )apa)it r bank"
B3en a )apa)it r bank unit .ai!/8 t3er )apa)it r/ in t3e /ame para!!e!
*r up ) ntain / me am unt . )3ar*e" T3i/ )3ar*e 7i!! drain .. a/ a 3i*3.re uen)y tran/ient )urrent t3at .! 7/ t3r u*3 t3e .ai!ed )apa)it r unit andit/ .u/e" T3e .u/e 3 !der and t3e .ai!ed )apa)it r unit /3 u!d 7it3/tand t3i/di/)3ar*e tran/ient"
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T3e ptimum ) nne)ti n . r a SC4 depend/ n t3e be/t uti!i=ati n . t3ea5ai!ab!e 5 !ta*e ratin*/ . )apa)it r unit/8.u/in*8 and pr te)ti5ere!ayin*"9irtua!!y a!! /ub/tati n bank/ are ) nne)ted 7ye"
5ari u/ type/ . SC4 de/i*n/ are@ +&, ?r unded 7ye#) nne)ti n bank/
+-, Under*r und 7ye#) nne)ti n bank/
+%, De!ta ) nne)ted bank/
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#roun$e$ W%e&Connecte$ Banks ?r unded 7ye )apa)it r bank/ are ) mp /ed . /erie/ andpara!!e!#) nne)ted )apa)it r unit/ per p3a/e and pr 5ide a! 7 impedan)e pat3 t *r und" Fi*" ( /3 7/ typi)a! bankarran*ement/"
Fi*" ( # ?r unded Bye S3unt Capa)it r 4ank/
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Ad5anta*e/ . t3e *r unded )apa)it r bank/ in)!ude@
&" It/ ! 7#impedan)e pat3 t *r und pr 5ide/ in3erent /e!.#pr te)ti n . r
!i*3tnin* /ur*e )urrent/ and *i5e / me pr te)ti n .r m /ur*e 5 !ta*e/"-" O..er a ! 7 impedan)e pat3 . r 3i*3 .re uen)y )urrent/ and / t3ey
)an be u/ed a/ .i!ter/ in /y/tem/ 7it3 3i*3 3arm ni) ) ntent"
%" Redu)ed tran/ient re) 5ery 5 !ta*e/ . r )ir)uit breaker/ and t3er/7it)3in* e uipment
S me dra7ba)k/ . r *r unded 7ye SC4 are@&" In)rea/ed inter.eren)e n te!e) m )ir)uit/ due t 3arm ni) )ir)u!ati n
-" Cir)u!ati n . inru/3 )urrent/ and 3arm ni)/ may )au/emi/ perati n . pr te)ti5e re!ay/ and .u/e/
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Ungroun$e$ W%e&Connecte$ Banks
&" Un*r unded 7ye bank/ d n t permit =er /e uen)e)urrent/8 t3ird 3arm ni) )urrent/8 r !ar*e )apa)it rdi/)3ar*e )urrent/ durin* /y/tem *r und .au!t/ t .! 7"
-" O5er5 !ta*e appearin* at t3e CT /e) ndarie/ are n t a/3i*3 a/ in t3e )a/e . *r unded bank/" H 7e5er8 t3e neutra!/3 u!d be in/u!ated . r .u!! !ine 5 !ta*e be)au/e it i/m mentari!y at p3a/e p tentia! 73en t3e bank i/ /7it)3ed r73en ne )apa)it r unit .ai!/ in a bank ) n.i*ured 7it3 a/in*!e *r up . unit/"
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Fi*" ' # Un*r unded Bye S3unt Capa)it r 4ank/
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&" De!ta#) nne)ted bank/ are *enera!!y u/ed n!y at di/tributi n/ 5 !ta*e/and are ) n.i*ured 7it3 a /in*!e /erie/ *r up . )apa)it r/ rated at !ine#
t #!ine 5 !ta*e"-"Bit3 n!y ne /erie/ *r up . unit/ n 5er5 !ta*e ))ur/ a)r // t3eremainin* )apa)it r unit/ .r m t3e i/ !ati n . a .au!ted )apa)it r unit"
!elta&connecte$ Banks
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CAPACITOR BAN PROTECTION
T3e pr te)ti n . SC4 / in5 !5e/@a, pr te)ti n . t3e bank a*ain/t .au!t/ ))urrin* 7it3in t3e bank in)!udin*
t3 /e in/ide t3e )apa)it r unit
b, pr te)ti n . t3e bank a*ain/t /y/tem di/turban)e/ and .au!t/"
Re!ay ba/ed pr te)ti n /)3eme/ t3at pr 5ide a!arm t indi)ate anunba!an)e 7it3in t3e bank and initiate a /3utd 7n . t3e bank in )a/e . .au!t/t3at may !ead t )ata/tr p3i) .ai!ure/ ""
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Capacitor Unbalance Protection&" T3e pr te)ti5e e!ement/ . und in a SC4 . r interna! .au!t/ are@ indi5idua!
.u/e/8 unba!an)e pr te)ti n t pr 5ide a!arm6 trip and 5er)urrente!ement/ . r bank .au!t pr te)ti n"
-" Rem 5a! . a .ai!ed )apa)it r e!ement r unit by it/ .u/e re/u!t/ in anin)rea/e in 5 !ta*e a)r // t3e remainin* e!ement/6 unit/ )au/in* anunba!an)e 7it3in t3e bank"
%" Unba!an)e pr te)ti n n rma!!y /en/e/ )3an*e/ a// )iated 7it3 t3e.ai!ure . a )apa)it r e!ement r unit and rem 5e/ t3e bank .r m /er5i)e73en t3e re/u!tin* 5er5 !ta*e be) me/ e
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1" T3e unba!an)e pr te)ti n /3 u!d 3a5e minimum intenti na! de!ayin rder t minimi=e t3e am unt . dama*e t t3e bank in t3e e5ent
. e
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Rela%s for Bank Closing ControlOn)e di/) nne)ted .r m t3e /y/tem a /3unt )apa)it r bank )ann t be re#in/erted immediate!y due t t3e e!e)tri)a! )3ar*e trapped 7it3in t3e )apa)it runit/8 t3er7i/e )ata/tr p3i) dama*e t t3e )ir)uit breaker r /7it)3 )an ))ur"T a))e!erate t3e di/)3ar*e . t3e bank8 ea)3 indi5idua! )apa)it r unit 3a/ are/i/t r t di/)3ar*e t3e trapped )3ar*e/ 7it3in 1min"
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CONC*U"ION"
T3e pr te)ti n . /3unt )apa)it r bank/ u/e/ /imp!e8 7e!! kn 7n re!ayin*prin)ip!e/ /u)3 a/ 5er5 !ta*e8 5er)urrent/"
Unba!an)e i/ t3e m /t imp rtant pr te)ti n in a /3unt )apa)it rbank8 a/ it pr 5ide/ .a/t and e..e)ti5e pr te)ti n t a//ure a ! n* andre!iab!e !i.e . r t3e bank" T a)) mp!i/3 it/ * a!8 unba!an)e pr te)ti nre uire/ 3i*3 de*ree . /en/iti5ity t3at mi*3t be di..i)u!t t a)3ie5e"