SHULE

AGRICULTURE AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION, CLIMATE CHANGE

PUTTING THE SMALL SCALE FARMERS TO THE POLICY AND PRACTICEIntroduction

Overall Objective of the InitiativeThe Agriculture, Climate Change, and Poverty Alleviation (ACCPA) is an initiative based on partnership between three civil society organization namely ActionAid Tanzania and Tanzania Organic Agriculture Movement (committed to improve accountability with specific experience in agriculture) and Mtandao wa Jamii wa Usimamizi wa Misitu (community engaged in participatory forest management). The initiative is an innovative partnership that will bridge the gap between the NGOs more traditional focus on forest conservation and those working on agricultural issues. The initiative aims to steer Tanzania towards an agricultural development pathway that achieves the dual goals of poverty reduction and decrease greenhouse gas emissions.

Why do we need to bridge the gap between small scale agriculture, climate change adaptation and climate change mitigation?

Overview

Small scale farmers are being knocked hard by the climate change. Agriculture is the key to Tanzania ability to adapt to climate change and to adopt a low carbon development pathway. Land use change particularly deforestation as a result of shifting agriculture, is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in Tanzania. Investment and agricultural policies and practices are prioritizing a shift to more mechanized, fossil fuel dependent, larger scale agriculture with the aim of increasing productivity and commercializing smallholder production. Whilst this approach may increasing short term yields, it risks making small scale farmers poorer and more vulnerable to CC whilst increasing the emission GHGs from increased dependence on fossils fuel based inputs and machinery as well as increased deforestation from displaced small scale farmers and from new commercial farms.

Tanzania is at risk of entrenching itself on a lose lose trajectory for CC adaptation and mitigation in its agriculture sector. Although the majority of Tanzanians are small-scale farmers, their voice has been muffled and distorted in debates around agriculture in Tanzania resulting in a policy focus oriented towards large, commercial farms. For example SAGCOT, a high profile initiative under the Agricultural Sector Development Programme, targets farms of 200 ha whilst Tanzanias average farm size is 2.4 ha. Whilst such strategies may achieve increased production, they pose a significant risk of impoverishing and displacing small-scale farmers and exacerbating conflict over land. Alternative approaches to land use and food production that would bring wins in terms of CC adaptation and mitigation are possible however there needs to be more awareness, accountability and action at community, district and national level in order for Tanzania to shift from its current course and move towards an agricultural pathway that achieves poverty reduction whilst integrating the dual challenges of CC adaptation and mitigation.2.2 Specific issues that the project seeks to address

Some of the specific issues that the project partners seek to address are elaborated below. These were identified by the project partners during a joint planning meeting and reflect the partners practical experience of supporting small-scale agriculture in different districts across Tanzania.Small- scale farmers are marginalised in national climate change strategies and agricultural policy Small

Small-scale farmers have lacked the knowledge and advocacy capacity to demand more support for climate change adaptation and as a result many national programmes such as Kilimo Kwanza and SAGGOT focus on medium- and large scale farmers whilst the majority of Tanzanias farmers cultivate less than 2.4 ha per year. There are few forums in which farmers can communicate their needs and problems to policy makers. Whilst MVIWATA has had some notable successes at national and local level it has not achieved the deeper policy shifts that are needed. In contrast, the scale investors currently overshadow that of small scale farmers even though farmers are a majority of Tanzania society. This reflects low levels of awareness on the linkages between climate change, sustainable agricultural land management and national development as well as limited capacity in community networks to tackle the complex issues around small-scale agriculture and climate change adaptation and mitigation.Low levels of awareness amongst elected representatives and policy makers

Many elected representatives and policy makers do not have access to information on the complexities of the linkages between small-sclae agriculture, climate change adaptation and mitigation, and national development. They are unaware of the potential of small-scale agriculture and thus fail to push for more support to reach small-scale farmers. Small-scale agriculture is dismissed by many policy makers as being unproductive and backwards. There is significant political interest in large agricultural investments however, in several high profile cases, these have failed to provide the development gains promised and have left farmers unpaid and landless. Elected representatives need to have a much deeper knowledge of the potential for small-scale agriculture to contribute to national development in order from them to lobby for a shift in national policy.

District agricultural development plans do not deliver the support that small-scale farmers need

District agricultural development plans are often developed at the last minute following delays in the distribution of guidelines form the ministry. As a result the district plans are developed with minimal input from farmers and little budget is disbursed to support activities targeted at small scale farmers. Low levels of awareness amongst district officials and in the District council means that no effort is made to direct resources to support increases resilience to climate change amongst small-scale farmers.Practical information on climate smart agriculture is not readily availableThere is little practical information available to farmers as to how to change their agricultural techniques in order to make them more resilient to climate change. Whilst projects such as the EU funded Chololo Eco-village are promoting agricultural adaptation techniques aimed at making farmers more resilient to climate change, the lessons learned have not been shared widely.

National climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies are poorly aligned

Tanzanias efforts to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation depends on strategies to make agricultural practices more sustainable yet the linkages between agriculture and REDD policy development are weak and at times the policies are conflicting with the agricultural policy promoting the expansion of agricultural land in to forested areas; with the national REDD strategy aiming to reduce national deforestation rates.National climate change steering committee is failing to coordinate a strategic approach to climate change adaptation and mitigationThe National Climate Change Steering Committee has failed to play the role intended of it in terms of ensuring that there is more a more coordinated approach to climate change mitigation and adaptation.

National agricultural strategies rely on technologies that are likely to increase emissions of GHGs

Programmes such as SAGCOT that promote more intensive, mechanised agriculture that depends on the application of fossil-fuel based pesticides and fertilisers leads to increase emissions of greenhouse gases thereby increasing Tanzanias emissions and undermining other mitigation measures.2.3 Opportunities

C3S Agriculture

Climate-smart small-scale agriculture seeks to work with small-scale farmers to maximise synergies and minimise trade-offs in addressing food security, development and climate change adaptation/mitigation challenges. The focus of C3S agriculture is on farmers cultivating less than 2 ha per year. Within Tanzania, a variety of methods have been used to promote elements of climate smart, small-scale agriculture. This includes the ecological agriculture techniques promoted by TOAM and partners in Chololo Eco-village in Dodoma including appropriate cropping systems for improved soil fertility, soil water conservation, community seed production, ox-drawn tillage and weeding, optimising crop livestock interaction and low carbon economy development; conservation agriculture promote by TFCG and MJUMMITA in Mpwapwa, Kilosa, Lindi, Lushoto nad Korogwe Districts and by FarmAfrica in Babati; and by CARE and UMADEP in the Uluguru Mountains. In terms of climate change adaptation & mitigation, Zambia is a world-leader on conservation agriculture. TFCG na MJUMITA have visited areas practising conservation agriculute in Zambia and have integrated some approaches into their agricultural support in Lindi and Kilosa however, Zambia remains a fertile learning ground for lesson on conservation agriculture.Value chain developmentBoth TOAM and MVIWATA have had considerable experience in assisting farmers to generate more value from their crops through value chain development. For example MVIWATA has worked with small-scale farmers to secure greater benefits from crops ranging from cassava, sunflower and vegetables. This has included construction market places; provision of up-to-date market prices to farmers using mobile phones; and capacity building on processing, storage and marketing. TOAM has worked with small-scale farmers across the country using Value Chain Development methodology on produce ranging from sesame, ginger, hibiscus, cocoa, fruit, daily produce, local chicken and sunflower.REDD

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation could provide an opportunity for small-scale farmers to access financial support to enable them to shift to more sustainable agricultural practices. Currently, in Tanzania, small-scale agriculture intertwined with charcoal production is the main cause of deforestation. REDDs success depends on financial incentives reaching small-scale farmers and there being a support network to help small-scale farmers shift to more sustainable agriculture. As such REDD is both an opportunity for forging a strong link between agriculture and climate change adaptation and mitigation. MJUMITA and TFCG have been working closely on this by modelling a pro-poor approach to REDD that aims to channel REDD revenue to those individuals and communities on the front-line of deforestation.

3) About the partners and the partnership

This section provides an overview of the five partners who have applied together to implement the Climate Change, Agriculture and Poverty alleviation (CAP) initiative. It includes a general description of the organisation and highlights how the proposed initiative links with each organisations mission and strategy. ActionAid International Tanzania

Vision: To work towards a Tanzanian society where every individual is free from poverty and injustice and has the right to a life of dignity.Mission: To work with poor and excluded people to eradicate poverty and injustice.ActionAid International Tanzania is a full affiliate of AcitonAid International. AAITZ has been working in the country for the past 14 years, currently having physical presence in 8 districts of Chamwino, Singida rural, Bagamoyo, Mafia, Pemba, Unguja, Kilwa, Tandahimba and Newala and in 10 districts where we work with partner organization. AAITZA works at the local, national and international levels using a right based approach (RBA).

Guided by its strategic vision, mission, values and approaches, AAITZ works to empower the poor and excluded people thorough their organization to critically engage with the government to promote their development rights. AAITZ believes that, there are interlinked and interactive factors that affect peoples capabilities and entitlements and due to that the poor and excluded people do not effectively participate and lack the power to have meaningful control over decisions that affect their lives. In this case the structural causes of poverty takes toll in aggravating the devastating poverty situation.At local level AAITZs local right programs focuses on building the institutional capacity of poor and excluded people through awareness creating, sensitization, building their organization capacity to deal with their problems and effectively demand for their rights on issues affecting their lives.The focus on public policy advocacy is on promoting pro-poor policies and influencing larger forces that act against the interest of the poor and excluded people. Policy advocacy efforts both at local and national levels are geared towards addressing issues related to access to adequate agricultural extension services, farms inputs, markets and budgetary allocation to agriculture sector and effective utilization of the budget and sustainable agricultural practices, rights of women to access and control land and farm produce. The effectiveness of all these core strategies is founded on working in partnership with organizations of poor and excluded people and pro poor organization net works and forums.

Approaches: ActionAids development approach centers on the Right Based Approach (RBA) that seeks to promote awareness of the basic rights that entitle the poor people to an equitable share of societys resources and wealth. With this approach, AA:

Recognizes that active role of poor and excluded people and emphasizes the responsibilities of the state in fulfililment of these basic rights Centers on empowering methodologies that build capacities of grassroots institutions and support effort to ensure sustainable improvements

The proposed project Climate change, agriculture and poverty alleviation: Putting small-scale farmers at the heart of policy and practice fits well with our strategic objective of promoting sustainable agriculture and control over natural resources for people living in poverty, where the organization is aimed at building resilience capacity of smallholder farmers to respond to climate change.Monitoring and evaluation

ActionAid implements an Accountability, Learning and Planning System (ALPS), through which it assesses the impacts of its work. The system commits ActionAid to both upward and downward accountability to donors, the communities it serves and other stakeholders. ActionAid uses the Participatory Review and Reflection (PRR) process as a tool through which communities and other stakeholders are involved in evaluation ActionAid and its partners work.

MJUMITAMission: To provide knowledge, build capacity and link communities with local networks (CBOs) for increased participation of stakeholders in advocacy and decision-making in ownership, management and utilization of forests.The Mtandao wa Jamii wa Usimamizi wa Misitu Tanzania (MJUMITA) is a network of community groups involved in participatory forest management in Tanzania. The network provides a forum for capacity building, advocacy and communication for these groups. MJUMITA was initially supported by TFCG starting from 2000 and became an independent NGO in 2007. It was established originally in response to the need for a forum for communities to share experiences with regard to participatory forest management and engage in dialogue with the Forestry and Beekeeping Division on ways to address policy, legal and implementation issues in relation to participatory forest management. MJUMITA currently has 97 affiliated local area networks, which are made up of Village Natural Resource Committees (VNRC) and Forest User Groups. MJUMITAs members are present in 23 districts and 375 villages involved in participatory forest management countrywide. The total number of MJUMITA members is around 15,000 people, but the total number of people living in communities where MJUMITA works is as many as 325,000 people and will continue to expand.MJUMITA is governed by a committee comprised of community representatives form different geographical zones. The Committee is elected by MJUMITA members. The MJUMITA secretariat is let by the Executive Director supported by a Technical Advisor, Finance Officer and Administrator. Through the Forest Justice in Tanzania initiative, MJUMITA employs six Zonal Coordinators and six Zonal Assistants who provide support to the networks in their respective zones. In addition, MJUMITA employs six project staff of implement REDD readiness activities as part of the project Making REDD work for communities and forest conservation in Tanzania. MJUMITAs actions are guided by a five year strategic developed in 2009.Currently MJUMITA is a partner in the Forest Justice in Tanzania initiative, a partnership project with the Tanzania Forest Conservation Group. Through this initiative MJUMITA has been supporting its members to identify and address forest governance shortfalls at village and district level. This has resulted in increased community engagement in law enforcement; pressure on local government to improve their forest governance; widespread media coverage; the establishment of forest crime hotlines; and the implementation of a community-level governance monitoring dashboard aimed at moving communities towards adopting best practice in terms of village-level forest governance.

Since its inception MJUMITA has worked closely with TFCG. The two organisations share office space and some administrative support. At the user group level, TFCG provides direct support to several of the local networks which are operational around the forests where TFCG is active. Currently MJUMITA in partnership with the Tanzania Forest Conservation Group (TFCG) is implementing a 5 year project Making REDD work for Communities and Forest Conservation in Tanzania funded by the Royal Norwegian Embassy. This project is piloting a pro-poor approach to Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) in Lind Rural and Kilosa Districts as well as establishing a national community carbon cooperative.The CAP Initiatve is aligned with MJUMITAs strategic plan, primarily through two objectives:

Objective 1: Increased Community awareness about the need to participate in Forest Management through improved communication, sharing of information and lessons learn and networking among MJUMITA stakeholders.

Result Objective 3: Increased Capacity of MJUMITA and her network members to engage in land management, PFM and other Policy related Advocacy matters.

MIWATA

Vision: To be a strong farmers organization which guarantees small-scale farmers participation and representation in decision making process at various levels.Mission: To strengthen farmers' groups and network, to facilitate learning and training, to enhance communication and advocacy strategies for the purpose of defending their interests.Mtandao wa Vikundi vya Wakulima Tanzania (MVIWATA) is the National Network of Small-Scale Farmers Groups in Tanzania. It is a farmers organisation which unites small holder farmers in order to have a common voice in defending their economic, social, cultural and political interests and rights.MVIWATA was founded in 1993 by 22 innovative farmers from Morogoro, Iringa, Kilimanjaro, Mbeya, Rukwa, Tanga and Dodoma regions for the purpose of creating a farmer-to-farmer exchange forum and enhance communication among the small-scale farmers for ensuring that farmers interests and challenges are taken care of.

It was registered in 1995 under the Society Ordinance Act (registration number SO 8612), in 2000 as the Trust Fund, and in 20074 received a compliance certificate under the NGO Act of 2002 (Registration number 1930)

Reasons for MVIWATA establishment

Lack of representation by farmers in decision-making process at all levels, leading to exclusion from development processes.

Lack of communication, unity and common voice among farmers to defend for their interests. Lack of reliable markets for selling agricultural commodities

Inadequate rural financial services

Poverty among farming community

Organizational structure

MVIWATA is organized into three levels as follows:

National level

The national level is composed by the Annual General Meeting (AGM), the Council, the Board of Directors and management team.

The role of the Board of Directors and Management is to oversee that the overall mission and strategic orientations of the organisation are adhered to and that services are provided to members. They are also responsible for facilitating technical support and mobilising resources.The Board of Directors is composed of 9 elected members representing MVIWATA members from all regions of Tanzania. The Council is composed of the board members and leaders of the middle level networks. The management team is composed of staff with various disciplines and headed by the Executive Director. Currently MVIWATA has 26 staff located in different regions.

Middle level:

The middle levels are composed of farmers networks at regional or district level. It has a Steering Committee and ahs the responsibility of mobilising members in the regions. Middle level networks liaise with the national level and local networks.

Local networks:

These are farmer groups organised in networks at village and ward levels and are the building blocks of the middle level and national networks.

Coverage and membership

MVIWATA operates in all regions of Tanzania, and has members throughout the country both in the Mainland and Zanzibar.

MVIWATA is a grassroots membership organization of small-scale farmers with over 4,000 groups, organised in over 1000 local networks and over 100,000 individual membersMVIWATA Strategic Plan

MVIWATA Strategic Plan has five areas of interventions (strategic objectives SO), namely:

SO 1: Farmers are well organized and able to advocate for their interests

SO 2: Strengthening lobbying and advocacy capacity of farmers to influence policy process

SO 3: Economic empowerment through initiatives such as saving and credit (microfinance), market linkage, and development of entrepreneurship skills.SO 4: Building knowledge of MVIWATA members, leaders and staff on cross cutting issues (HIV/AIDS, gender and climate change)SO 5: Institutional development of MVIWATA

Main Activities of MVIWATA

Facilitate organization of Small-scale farmers into groups and networks

Lobbying and advocacy for issues of interests to the Small-scales farmers and ensures representation of farmers views in the policies affecting them

Capacity building of Small-scale farmers on group management, leadership, economic skills (marketing, saving and credits), lobbying and advocacy, gender, HIV.AIDS and Climate change.

Facilitate farmers access to markets and finances. Collecting and dissemination of information, experience and knowledge of farmers through publications such as Pambazuko newsletter, weekly radio programme (Voice of MVIWATA), websites and other publication. Develop participatory economic projects for the purpose of economically empowering farmers organizing farmers dialogue and forums such as workshop and meetings, exchange visits and farmers participation in various agricultural show.

The Tanzania Forest Conservation GroupVision: We envisage a world in which Tanzanians and the rest of humanity are enjoying the diverse benefits from well conserved, high biodiversity forests.Mission: To conserve and restore the biodiversity of globally important forests in Tanzania for the benefit of the present and future generations. This is achieved through capacity building, advocacy, research, community development and protected area management, in ways that are sustainable and foster participation, co-operation and partnership.

The Tanzania Forest Conservation Group[ (TFCG) is a Tanzania NGO, registered in 1985. TFCG has 25 years of experience in working with issues relating to forest conservation in Tanzania. Through TFCGs five programmes: advocacy, participatory forest management, environmental education, community development and research, TFCG has succeeded in rolling out innovative and high-impact solutions to the challenges facing Tanzanias forests and the people that depend on them. In particular, TFCG has been active in advocating for improved forest management and reduced deforestation throughout this period.TFCG currently provide direct support in 14 Districts to 160 villages around 180,000 ha of high biodiversity forest. Support includes capacity building on participatory forest management, improving local governance, community development, awareness raising and environmental education. Most of TFCGs 60 full-time staff live and work in the communities whom we are serving. At the national level TFCG has been closely involved in forest policy dialogue and has worked closely with the Government in developing guidelines on participatory forest management.TFCGs actions are guided by a five year strategic plan, our goal for 2011 to 2016 is that:

TFCG will strive to ensure that Tanzanias high biodiversity forests are being managed in ways that are effective, sustainable and equitable and to tackle the direct and indirect drivers of deforestation in ways that bring tangible benefits to women, men and children living in adjacent villages; enhance good governance; promote gender equity and integrate climate change adaptation and mitigation.The CAP initiative will link with our strategic plan primarily through our community development and advocacy strategies. These strategies are described below:

Community Development strategy

TFCG will build the capacity of women, men and children in forest adjacent communities to derive direct benefits from forest conservation in ways that are equitable, well-governed, ecologically sustainable and gender sensitive. Amongst others, this will include sustainable harvesting for timber and charcoal, beekeeping, butterfly farming, fuel efficient stoves, integrated water resources management, eco-tourism, micro-finance and REDD. TFCG is also committed to building the capacity of communities to adopt new technologies; to engage in tree planting/agroforestry and agricultural practices that reduce pressure on forests, improve livelihoods and bring additional benefits in terms of climate change mitigation and adaptation; and to improve access to family planning and other social services. TFCG will work in partnership with other civil society organisations and local government to achieve this strategy.Target: As a result of TFCGs interventions, by the end of five years, at least 20,000 women and men (of whom at least 35% are women) from at least 100 communities earn an additional US$ 50 per annum from ecologically sustainable livelihood activities including agriculture; 3 million trees have been planted; at least 50,000 people have access to more secure and sustainable supplies of water and forest products; and at least 1000 families have better access to family planning.Advocacy strategy

TFCG seeks harmonized, national policies, laws and regulations that promote effective, equitable, democratic and sustainable management of forests; that these policies are implemented in a way that enhances participation, accountability, gender equity and transparency; and that communities are engaging in informed debate on policy development and implementation in a well-coordinated way and their issues and concerns are being addressed by policy makers and local government. TFCGs advocacy work will be evidence-based and where possible, will be carried out in partnership with other stakeholders including MJUMITA, local communities, civil society organizations and researchers.Targets

By the end of the 5 years, we aspire to have contributed to the following changes:

Communities involved in JFM benefit are receiving a regular share of revenue by 2016;

Active local MJUMITA networks are functioning in at least 50 villages where TFCG is operational;

The National REDD Strategy and the National Forest Policy recognizes that unreserved forests on village land are under the control of the village authorities and communities can access REDD revenues from emission reductions from village land;

National REDD and FSC standards have been agreed and are being applied.Management capacity

TFCG has received grants form more than 20 donors including AcT, the European Union, Embassy of Norway, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland and UNDP. Between 2007 and 2012, our annual budget has ranged from US$ 1.1 US$ 3.4 million. TFCG is governed by a voluntary committee comprised of individuals from development partners, government, academic institutions, international and national NGOs and the private sector. TFCG currently employs 65full-time staff. All TFCG grants are auditor.

Some of TFCGs achievements include:

Supporting the establishment of 50 village forest reserves;

Supporting piloting of JFM across 53,000 ha of forest;

Supporting the establishment of MJUMITA;

Lobbying successfully for the gazettement of the Udzungwa Mountains National Park;

Developing and implementing communication strategies for the Eastern Arc Strategy and for the participatory forest management component of the national forest programme;

Governance training to at least 5000 members of village natural resources committees;

Awareness raising on forest conservation and governance issues using radio, newspapers, drama, meetings internet, television, bill boards and the TFCG newsletter, the Arc Journal; Research on cost benefit scenarios on participatory forest management, forest condition, management effectiveness and biodiversity values; Biodiversity surveys led by TFCG have resulted in the discovery of more than 26 plant and animal species;

TFCG has also improved the livelihoods of forest adjacent communities through improved agriculture, beekeeping, fuel efficient stoves, brick-making, micro-finance, eco-tourism, fish farming and innovative livelihood activities such as butterfly farming and essential oil product. Butterfly farming has increased average household incomes by 20%.

Every year, TFCG supports the planting of over half a million trees.

Tanzania Organic Agriculture Movement Vision: TOAM envisions a vibrant, sustainable, and mutually beneficial organic sector in Tanzania.Mission: Tanzania Organic Agriculture Movement (TOAM) is an umbrella organisation that coordinates and promotes, through networking and information dissemination, the development of the organic farming sector among smallholder producers for sustainable livelihoods in Tanzania.Tanzania Organic Agriculture Movement (TOAM) is a member-based umbrella body registered in June 2005 under the NGO Act f 2002. TOAM aims at providing coordination and facilitation to organic sector stakeholders in the whole of Tanzania. TOAM is a member of the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), and closely linked to sister movements across East Africa. In accordance with TOAMs constitution, the members of the organisation meet yearly at the Annual General Meeting (AGM), which deliberates on issues related to the membership, constitution and policies as well as approving annual reports, plans and budgets, and electing the Board of Directors. Five of TOAMs nine board members are female.There are 4 full time staff, 1 full time volunteer, 1 part time staff and 2 interns. Two of the four full time staff are female. Additional human resources are drawn from among TOAMs membership and the private and public sector to meet specific objectives and project assignments as required. For example TOAM has engaged a Marketing Consultant to secure markets for farm produce, and trainers to deliver specific training on issues such as soil water conservation.

TOAM operates a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system to provide feedback on organisational development, programme implementation and performance. The M&E system is geared towards helping the organisation identify the problems earlier, and propose solutions, evaluate achievements of programme objectives, promote participation, ownership and accountability.

Since 2006 TOAM at national level has been playing a coordination and advocacy role by bringing together and leading advocacy initiatives that saw national agriculture policies bring on board provisions promoting organic agriculture in Tanzania (the National Organic Agriculture Framework NOAF) for as well as in setting standards for the sector East African Organic Product Standard EAOPS. At local level TOAM has been working with smallholder farmers and farmers associations in several regions to improve production and productivity, improve quality of produce, and improve livelihoods through increased incomes from sales of produce. TOAM uses Training of Trainers and Value Chain Development methodology to improve producers access to markets, currently working with producers of sesame, ginger, hibiscus, cocoa, fruit, daily produce, local chicken, and sunflower. Also TOAM organises producers involvement in national regional, and international trade fairs.Strategic Fit

This section demonstrates the strong synergy between this project and TOAMs strategic development, with relevant quotations from TOAM strategy documents.

TOAMs strategy is set out in a 2010-2015 strategy document, which was reviewed in Dec 2010 by members and key stakeholders at a three-year (2011-2013) action planning workshop following an external evaluation earlier in 2010.TOAM works in five key areas. These strategic objectives include both programmatic areas and organisational development. Awareness Creation of ecological agriculture and its benefits.

Capacity Building of farmers and producer associations

Generation of Information to support smallholders and the advocacy agenda

Lobbying and Advocacy to influence policy and practice

Linkages and Networking to share knowledge and build a stronger voice

The project fits well with TOAMs focus on advocacy, promoting awareness of decision makers and the general public of the benefits of ecological agriculture. In particular TOAM strategy aims to facilitate capacity strengthening of producer associations and other organic actors for their active participation in effective policy dialogue and engagement.Also this project will advance TOAMs strategic networking aims: The organization will make deliberate effort to network and build coalition for targeted advocacy issues. To make this happen, TOAM will identify strategic partners with which it will develop long-term partnership on specific advocacy policy issues.Similarly TOAM is keen to promote effective use of research: the organisation will undertake and or forge strategic partnership with researchers and research institutions to carry out action research to support the lobbying and advocacy work.

The project will advance TOAMs capacity building aims: TOAM will strive to facilitate increase in the equality and quantity of organic products or both local and export markets. To realize this, the organization will facilitate training and capacity building of extension workers and trainer farmers for better service delivery to smallholder organic producers.Also the project will support TOAMs recent move into the climate change arena: TOAM will strive to facilitate capacity building of organic producers to adapt and mitigate climate change for sustainable organic production. TOAM is a key partner in the delivery of the European Union founded Chololo Ecovillage project supporting rural communities to test evaluate and take up a range of climate change adaptation and mitigation technologies in agriculture, livestock, forestry, water and energy.TOAM shares the view that ecological organic agriculture offers sustainable pathways to climate change adaptation, food security and poverty reduction. Organic agriculture combines tradition, innovation and science to benefit the shared environment and promote fair relationships and a good quality of life for all involved.

organic agriculture systems have a strong potential for building resilient foof systems in the face of uncertainties, through farm diversification and building soil fertility with organic matter. Additionally, organic agriculture offers alternatives to energy-intensive production inputs such as synthetic fertilizers which are likely to be further limited for poor rural populations by rising energy prices. In developing countries, organic agricultural systems achieve equal or even higher yields, as compared to the current conventional practices, which translate into a potentially important option for food security and sustainable livelihoods for the rural poor in times of climate change. Certified organic products cater for higher income options for farmers and, therefore, can serve as promoters of climate-friendly farming practices worldwide.Food & Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2010

About the partnership

The proposed partnership was formed with the aim of forging stronger links between civil society organisation working on agriculture and those working on forest-related issues. All five organisations share a commitment to increasing social accountability; reducing rural poverty; improving governance; and enhancing the ecological sustainability of Tanzanias development pathway. Whilst the partners enjoy many shared values, they each bring something unique to the partnership in terms of their particular skills, experience and networks. Whilst some partners have worked closely for many years such s TFCG and MJUMITA, others are less well-known to each other but have been brought together through Act e.g. TFCG and ActionAid; TOAM, ActionAid and MVIWATA through Act support to ANSAF. The partners met for a joint two day planning workshop in April 2012. During this workshop, partners went through the outcome mapping process following the guidelines provided by Act. The results of this workshop were then integrated into this proposal. The proposal was then reviewed by all of the partners and their contributions and additions have been included.5) Outcomes of the Climate change, agriculture and poverty alleviation initiative5.1 Immediate outcomes

The partners in this initiative aim to meet their strategic objectives by achieving two immediate outcomes described below:

Immediate outcome 1: Small-scale farmers and other stakeholders are demanding the integration of climate-friendly agriculture in national policy and policy implementation.

Immediate Outcome Indicator 1.1: MJUMITA and MVIWATA Networks make demands atlocal, national and international level through media and meetings for increased support for small-scale, climate smart (C3S) agriculture and improved natural resources governance.

Immediate outcome 2: Government, private sector and civil society are cooperating to support small-scale farmers to benefit from low GHG emission agriculture that is more climate resilient.

Immediate Outcome Indicator 2.1: Two districts demonstrate multi-stakeholder coordinationin support of C3S agriculture.

5.2 BeneficiariesThe primary beneficiaries of this initiative will be the approximately 10,000 small-scale farmers in five villages per district in two districts and 15,000 members of the MJUMITA Network and 100,000 members of MVIWATA networks. The project aims to provide practical, suer-friendly information to over 500,000 farmers across the country through the 100,000 members of the MVIWATA networks, the 325,000 people living in the villages where MJUMITA is active and an additional 75,000 people from the areas where TOAM, ActionAid and TFCG are active.6) Priority stakeholders and outcome challenges

6.1 Identification of the priority stakeholders

Achieving the changes that this initiative is striving for, depends on changing the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of particular women and men. Some individuals and groups of individuals will have more influence than others. Identifying those groups in whose interest it is to demand more climate resilient and ecologically sustainable agriculture and those groups who have the power to influence the adoption of development pathway for the agriculture sector that supports climate smart, small-scale agriculture, is critical to the success of the initiative. Similarly it is important to focus on those groups whose attitudes and behaviour we think we can influence i.e. those whose interests are, to some degree, aligned with those of the initiative. The results of the alignment, influence and interest analysis of the initiative are presented in Figuer 1.

Figure 1. Stakeholder mapping from partners planning workshop.

On the basis of this analysis the partners have identified five priority stakeholders who can play a part in bringing about change i.e. those with influence on the projects desired outcomes and those whose agendas, motivations and capacities we believe we can influence to become more supportive of the outcomes that the project is working towards.The five priority stakeholders that have been identified by the project are:

1. Small-scale farmers

2. MJUMITA and MVIWATA members

3. Elected representatives

4. District officials

5. Members of the National Climate Change Steering Committee and Technical Committee.The media are also considered as an important target for this initiative however it was agreed that their involvement was primarily as a means to reaching the other stakeholder. As such we do not treat them as a priority stakeholder but instead outline how we will work with the media under the strategy section, particularly Strategy 4.

6.2 Defining the priority stakeholders

Each of the five priority stakeholders are defined below:Small-scale farmers

Women and men farmers and livestock keepers who cultivate crops on less than 2 hectares per year. Small-scale farmers are both the main beneficiaries of the proposed project as well as being a key stakeholder in achieving change. They are strongly aligned with the objectives of the project and are vital to the success of the initiative however they are currently poorly organised and lack the capacity to ensure that national policy provides them with the support that they need to implement climate smart agriculture.

MJUMITA and MVIWATA members

MJUMITA members include 15,000 women and men from communities involved in participatory forest management. Many of MJUMITAs members are farmers and /or members of village natural resources committees and forest user groups.

MVIWATA members include 100,000 women and men, small-scale farmers from 4000 groups from 13 regions across Tanzania. Farmers can join as individuals or as a group of farmers.Whilst both networks are strongly aligned with the goal and objectives of the project, they need more support in order to raise the voice of their members to ensure that these changes are achieved.Elected representativesThese include Village Council Members, Ward Councillors and Members of Parliament. This is a very mixed stakeholder group. Some are strongly aligned with the projects objectives, whilst others, particularly those with vested interest in alternative development models may be opposed. They could have significant influence on achieving the goal and objectives of the initiative but often lack awareness on the issues and opportunities involved.District OfficialsDistrict officials with an influence on agriculture, land and natural resources governance and include the District Executive Directors, the District Land Officers, Natural Resources and Environment Officers, the District Forest Officers, District Agriculture and Livestock Development Officers, District Treasurers, Extension Officers, District Community Development Officers, District Lawyers, District Planning Officers and the District Courts. District officials have a strong influence on the outcomes of the initiative however they are not all aligned with the objectives of the programme and may lack awareness and capacity to play the role that we would like to see them playing.

National Climate Change Steering Committee and National Climate Change Technical CommitteeFrom National Climate Change Strategy:

At national level, there is an established National Climate Change Steering Committee (NCCSC) chaired by Permanent Secretary in the VPO to provide policy guidance to the NCCFP, ensure coordinated actions and participation within various sectors and institutions. There is also National Climate Change Technical Committee (NCCTC) chaired by the Direct of Environment which is geared to provide technical adviceto the NCCFP, stimulate more coordinate actions of actors and broaden

The participation of various actors in addressing climate change. A detailed diagrammatic representation of institution arrangement for climate change is illustrated in Figure 2.

Figure 2. Proposed institutional arrangements in National Climate Change Strategy to facilitate representation of institutional arrangement for climate change in illustrated in Figure 2.

6.2 Outcome challenges for the priority stakeholders

For each of these groups the programme has identified an outcome challenge. This describes the desired change in attitude and behaviour as a result of the programme. These outcome challenges are described below for each of the priority stakeholders. The outcome challenges are broken down into progress markers for each stakeholder in Annex 1.

Small-scale farmers

Small-scale farmers are holding local and national government accountable for the delivery of efficient and effective support services that enable farmers to adopt climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies in ways that improve their livelihoods. Small-scale farmers are practicing C3S agriculture and are exchanging information and experiences about the kinds of on-farm and off-farm strategies that are effective in achieving climate smart agriculture. Small-scale farmers are aware a good governance practices and community rights in relation to land agriculture and natural resources management and resist efforts to undermine those rights.MJUMITA and MVIWATA members

MJUMITA and MVIWATA have integrated issues related to securing support for small-scale farmers for climate change adpation and mitigation into their institutional strategies and actions. The two networks are working closely together to advocate at local, national and international level for improved support for C3S agriculture and community-oriented REDD. As a result of information and training provided by the networks, a majority of their members have adopted climate smart agricultural techniques and sustainable land and natural resources management.

District officialsDistrict officials are aware of climate change adaptation and mitigation. They are integrating climate change issues in their plans and budgets including the DADPs. They are involving communities in the planning, budgeting, implementation and monitoring of DADPs. They have the capacity to serve local communities by providing them with the necessary support to adapt to climate change in way that minimises GHG emissions from agriculture. The kinds of support that the district provide, reflect the priorities identified by farmers in their district. Support could include a wide range of initiatives such as training; assistance in improving access to market or access to inputs such as more climate change resilient seed varieties; construction of war-level markets or improved irrigation systems; training and technical support from Extension workers; and networking local farmers with relevant national initiatives. They are actively enforcing laws that help to mitigate climate change. They are transparent and accountable in the execution of the DADPs. They are actively tackling corruption in the agriculture and natural resources sector. They are supporting the development and implementation of village land use plans and participatory forest management and are supporting communities to access REDD finance.Elected representativesElected representatives are actively pushing at national and local level for improved services to support small-scale farmers to adopt climate smart agriculture. They are using their influence to ensure that the laws, policies and plans that are submitted to them for approval, integrate support for small-scale farmers in relation to climate change adaptation and mitigation.

National Climate Change Steering Committee and National Climate Change Technical Committee

NCCSC/TC is an effective forum for ensuring coordination between key stakeholders including the sector ministries most relevant to small-scale farmers i.e. MNRT, MAFSC, PMO RALG and VPO-DoE. The Steering Committee identifies policy conflicts and actively encourages ministries to adopt more harmonised policies and programme in relation to Small-scale agriculture and climate change adaptation and mitigation. This includes harmonisation between key national programmes such as the Agriculture Sector Development Programme (and its subsidiaries such as Kilimo Kwanza and SAGCOT) and REDD+. The National Climate Change Steering Committee is actively promoting a participatory and transparent process in the development of the National Cllimate Change Strategy and the National REDD strategy including engagement with small-scale farmers, local government, civil society organisations, research institutions and private sector. Issues of gender are well integrated into relevant national plans relating to climate change including the NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE, NAPA and National REDD strategy. The NCCSC is making active follow up to monitor the implementation of climate change-related policies including the ASDP (and DADPs), the National Forest Policy and the National REDD strategy and is promoting a participatory approach to monitoring and evaluating policy implementation including promoting the participation of communities, local government, civil society organisations and private sector. NCCSC are responsive to civil society initiatives to enhance accountability in relation to climate change, REDD and its links with Small-scale farmers and participate in Civil Society events. In keeping with the Maputo Declaration that was signed by Tanzania, NCCSC is promoting the allocation of 10% of the budget to agriculture with a focus on investment that will benefit Small-scale farmers and promote climate friendly and pro-poor agriculture. The NCCTC is promoting information sharing on innovative, climate friendly agriculture amongst members of the NCCSC. The NCCSC promote good governance in the National Climate Change strategy. 177) Strategies

In order to achieve the two outcomes of the program, the five partners will apply four inter-linked strategies. A strategy is a bundle of activities that will be carried out to bring about the outcomes that we are striving towards. It provides the direction and logic for individual activities. Each strategy may touch upon more than one of the outcomes. Some strategies may target a single stakeholder whilst others target the environment with which those stakeholders interact.The four strategies that the project will work through are:

Community networking as a force for securing climate-smart agricultural land management. Research on policy and practice in relation to the interface between small-scale agriculture and climate change adaptation and mitigation.

Demonstrating an integrated approach to Climate Smart Small-scale agriculture and REDD+

Advocating for Climate Smart Small-scale agriculture

The four strategies are interlinked. Strategy 3 provides a real life foundation for the other three strategies. Through support to C3S agriculture not only will direct benefits be channelled to the participating farmers, the six villages will provide a learning ground for identifying the most effective C3S agricultural techniques and for understanding more about how these can be scaled up. Strategy 2, will provide a sound knowledge base by documenting the experiences gained from Strategy 3 and by linking them with other experiences around the world. Strategies 1 and 4 provide the mechanism by which to take the experience from Strategy 3 as documented under Strategy 2 and to advocate for broader changes in national policy and practice.Each strategy and the activities that constitute that strategy are described below. These are also summarised in the projects logical framework which is provided in Annex II.7.1 Strategy 1: Community networking as a force for securing climate-smart agricultural land management (Lead: MJUMITA)

7.1.i Overview of Strategy 1

Key Output of Strategy 1: Two national networks of community groups are advocating for climate smart agricultural land management at national and local levels.The project aims to raise the voice of communities from around the country to demand that the agriculture sector provides the necessary support for climate smart, small-scale agriculture.

Tanzanias two community networks, MJUMITA and MVIWATA provide a firm foundation for achieving this. Together the two networks can reach over 800 communities through their members. In terms of changing the behaviour of the projects priority stakeholders, this strategy is primarily focused on MJUMITA and MVIWATA members. This strategy aims to deepen the understanding of the linkages between climate change, agriculture and deforestation within these two networks and to increase their capacity to hold local and national government accountable for climate change, agriculture and natural resources-related policy and policy implementation. Learning will occur within the staff and leaders of the two networks as well as amongst their members. The strategy will also strengthen the linkages between the two networks in order to promote a more unified and targeted community voice. Building on an enhanced understanding of the relevant issues within these two networks, the project will support MJUMITA and MVIWATA to advocate for climate smart, small-scale agriculture, community-oriented REDD+ and sustainable natural resources and land management.7.1.ii Activities under Strategy 1Training Network Staff Members and leaders on CC issues

The project will provide training to staff of the two networks on the linkages between climate change, agriculture and deforestation; on climate smart small-scale agriculture; and on effective advocacy techniques. Training will target the committees of the two organisations; field staff; and relevant head office staff.

This activity will be implemented by MVIWATA and MJUMITAOrganize collaborative meetings between MVIWATA and MJUMITA boards and secretariats at AGMs and Workshops

In order to implement joint advocacy initiatives, the MJUMITA and MVIWATA boards and secretariats will hold joint meetings. The aim of these meetings will be to foster greater understanding between the two organisations and to plan, implement and report on joint initiatives.

This activity will be implemented by MVIWATA and MJUMITA

Joint awareness raising and advocacy events involving MJUMITA and MVIWATA local community networksAt the local level, both networks have forums at which members meet to address specific issues. The project will support local networks to implement joint initiatives such as stakeholders meetings, media coverage and other actions. In particular this will focus on influencing the way that District governments and elected officials are supporting small-scale agriculture and forest conservation.This activity will be implemented by MVIWATA and MJUMITA7.2 Strategy 2: Research on policy and practice in relation to the interface between small-scale agriculture and climate change adaptation and mitigation.

7.2.i Overview of Strategy 2

Key Output of Strategy 2: Information and analysis on the interface between small-scale agriculture and climate change adaptation and mitigation that draws on research from within and beyond Tanzania, is documented and distributed.

This strategy aims to provide a firm evidence base to guide the partners advocacy work. The two main themes for the research are climate change, agriculture and natural resources policy and policy implementation in Tanzania; and best practices for integrating small-scale climate smart agriculture and REDD+ in Tanzania. The research will draw on lessons learned within Tanzania and internationally in relation to climate smart agriculture; sustainable agricultural land management; REDD+; and other related issues. The detailed research reports are intended to influence policy makers, academics and other civil society organisations as well as informing the more direct advocacy work described under Strategy 4.7.2.ii Activities under Strategy 2

Policy analysis in relation to climate change adaptation, mitigation, agriculture and REDD

Research on changes that are needed to ensure that the ASDP, Kilimo Kwanza, SAGCOT and National REDD strategy promote climate change adaptation and mitigation in a pro-poor, gender sensitive way. The project will analyse and monitor existing national programmes such as Kilimo Kwanza, SAGCOT and the National REDD strategy to identify risks and opportunities associated with these programmes in terms of achieving climate smart, small-scale agriculture and community oriented REDD+. Given the dynamic nature of these programmes, it is anticipated that this will continue throughout the lifespan of the project. In years 1 and 3 the project will produce one report looking at how climate change is being integrated into climate change plans and into national policy. In addition, at least three special focus reports looking at specific policy issues will be produced. Results of this analysis will feed into the advocacy work described under Strategy 4.This activity will be led by ActionAid.

Document and share best practices for small-scale climate smart agriculture

This activity aims to enrich Tanzanias approach to developing climate smart agriculture by drawing on best practices internationally and from within Tanzania. Internationally there are many different initiatives looking at issues around climate smart agriculture. This research will review the principles, results and relevance to Tanzania of climate smart agriculture initiatives elsewhere and will propose interventions to be tried as part of Strategy 3. This will result in at least five technical reports. The emphasis will be on generating practical recommendations that can be applied in a Tanzania context to make agriculture in Tanzania more climate smart. Research will cover crops and agricultural techniques appropriate to the two agro-ecological zone covered in Strategy 3. In year 3 the project will bring together a small group of national and international experts to evaluate and enrich the research results. This will links with ANSAF; ActionAids international team; and TFCGs research collaboration with ICRAF and CIFOR . In year 1, this meeting will be held during the first three months in order to inform the work under Strategy 3.This activity will be led by ActionAid

Monitor and analyse small-scale climate smart agricultural and REDD+ interventions in Tanzania

This activity will primarily focus on drawing out lessons learned and practical recommendations from the pilot villages under Strategy 3. In addition, the research will also visit other sites in Tanzania to integrate lessons learned from those areas. The research will analyse not only the kinds of agricultural techniques that achieve improved climate change adaptation and mitigation but also the most effective ways of supporting farmers to adopt C3S agricultural practices. The results of the research will be documented in research reports; will be integrated into the manuals produced under Strategy 3; and will be proposed for inclusion in the radio magazine and discussion programmes proposed by BBC Media Action.This activity will led by ActionAid

7.3 Strategy 3: Demonstrating an integrated approach to Climate Smart Small-scale agriculture and REDD+ culture

7.3.i Overview of Strategy 3Key Output of Strategy 3: Small-scale farmers in two agro-ecological zones are modelling best practice in terms of climate-smart agriculture and support for C3S agriculture and sustainable land and natural resources management is integrated in District plans.

The project will demonstrate climate Smart Small-Scale agriculture (C3S agriculture) and sustainable land and natural resources management in two agro-ecological zones with a view to providing real life examples of how small-scale farmers can adapt to climate change in ways that increase incomes; improve food security and minimise GHG emissions. The strategy is primarily targeted at changing the behaviour of two priority stakeholders: small-scale farmers and district officials. Other priority stakeholders that will be influenced by the strategy are: elected officials, member of the National Climate Change Steering Committee and MJUMITA and MVIWATA members.The project will focus on both the technological aspects of C3S agriculture; the linkages between C3S agriculture and REDD in Kilosa; as well as modelling how local government and elected officials can support small-scale farmers to achieve this. This will include working with local government and elected officials to integrate C3S agriculture in District Agricultural Development Plans and to address local governance shortfalls in relation to agriculture, land and natural resources management.This strategy will build on existing work by TOAM and ActioAid in Chamwino District, Dodoma Region; and MVIWATA, MJUMITA and TFCG in Kilosa District, Morogoro Region. Care will be taken to ensure that women, poorer households and those living close to forests are the primary beneficiaries of this strategy. The project will work six villages in total including three in each of the two districts. Given the short time scale of the project, this strategy will build on the existing work that the project partners have carried out in the two districts. This will allow for a quick start.

Relative to the work that the project partners are already conducting in these districts, the proposed project will allow for much more intensive training in the six villages covering a broader range of topics related to C3S agriculture. This will allow for the most effective agricultural practices from Chololo to be introduced in additional villages. While the Chololo Ecovillage project is developing a range of climate change innovations, it currently has very little experience of scaling up best practice to other communities, and is not resourced to do so. Strategy 3 will help us learn how that can best be achieved. Site visits alone are unlikely to achieve lasting results so the plan is to support farmers in the target villages to take up some of the most appropriate best practices, with some start up inputs including for example seed and tillage implements as well as on farm training. In the case of Kilosa, whilst TFCG, MVIWATA and MJUMITA have some funds for promoting conservation agriculture , these are very limited and are divided over the 14 villages where TFCG and MJUMITA are implementing REDD. The proposed project will allow for increased involvement of MVIWATA in three REDD project villages thereby linking the farmers with a broader national network; will allow for the introduction of other technologies that have proved successful in areas such as Chololo; and will allow for training to reach beyond the single sub-village per village where training has so far been conducted. Similarly in Chamwino, whilst ActionAid have some funds for promoting improved agriculture these are divided between the 12 villages where they are working and have not been sufficient to apply many of the C3S agricultural strategies that are proving so successful in Chololo.

MVIWATA, MJUMITA and TFCGS work in Kilosa District

As part of the project Making REDD work for communities and forest conservation in Tanzania MJUMITA and TFCG supported the Ilonga Agricultural Research Institute to develop an agricultural strategy targeted at small-scale farmers in Kilosa and Mpwapwa District. The strategy centres on

the introduction of conservation agriculture techniques; the use of improved varieties; and improved processing facilities. Through the development of farm field schools, the project is introducing the

new technologies to farmers. A trainer from MVIWATA has been working with the project with a view to integrating some of the lessons learned from conservation agriculture in the Uluguru

Mountains, an area where MVIWATA has been active since the mid-1990s. so far, training has focused on 20 farmers from one sub-village per village.

TOAM and ActionAids work in Chamwino/Dodoma DistrictTOAM is working with a team of six agencies to transform Chololo mitigation for farmers across

into an ecovillage to act as a mode of good practice in climate change adaptation and

dryland Tanzania. The EU funded project in semi-arid Dodoma is supporting and empowering

the village community to test, evaluate and take up innovative technologies in agriculture,

livestock, water, energy, and natural resources. In agriculture, the project is introducing and evaluation affordable and labour saving technologies for soil moisture conservation, maximising the benefit of the increasingly upredictable rain season, and testing locally appropriate varieties to adapt the crop system to the more resilient to erratic conditions; crops that are cultivated and controlled by women innovations focus on zoned grazing/browsing through adoption of appropriate land use plans, livestock diseases control and management, and improvements of genetic potential of local cattle, goats and chickens. The project is also working to develop a low carbon rural economy, and improve farmers access to credit.

This strategy will involve on-farm demonstration of C3S agricultural technologies. Using existing or new demonstration plots that show different aspects of C3S agriculture, farmers will be able to observe and learn from practical examples of improved on-field techniques. Good agricultural practices aimed at improved soil fertility and pest management will be demonstrated, including inter-cropping, crop rotation, appropriate tillage, ground cover crops, soil water conservation, biological pest control, crop livestock interaction, improved fodder and grazing practice, and agroforestry. The project will also demonstrate improved seed varieties, including drought resistant, high yielding, and early maturing varieties of both food and cash crops. Farmers will be encouraged to evaluate the introduced technologies relative to their traditional methods to enable them to identify those elements of the introduced techniques that are most appropriate to them.The project will model different approaches to enhancing value along the value chain by demonstrating ways of increasing incomes through the application of improved methods at the storage, processing, transport and marketing stages. Integral to this model will be enhancing farmers financial management skills and access to credit.

7.3. ii Activities under Strategy 3

District level awareness raising and advocacy events on C3S agriculture, REDD and good governance

In both of the focal districts, the project will support two meetings to discuss climate change adaptation, mitigation and small-scale agriculture and governance with a wide range of local stakeholders. The meetings will involve farmers, MJUMITA and MVIWATA representatives, local government, MPs, Ward councillors, zonal agricultural research institutes such as Ilonga (Kilosa), private sector, SAGCOT (for Kilosa), representatives from the National Climate Change Steering Committee and other Civil Society Organisations. During year 1, the meeting will invite participants to review what is being done at district level in relation to what needs to be done and will identify key actions that are needed in order to achieve a more integrated approach to climate change adaptation and mitigation with a particular focus on small-scale agriculture. Through these meetings stakeholders can work together to identify cost effective support mechanisms given the realities of resource constraints at District level. Thus support might include training, access to cheap micro-finance, assistance in accessing inputs or assistance with marketing. The stakeholder meeting in year 1 will also introduce the project to local stakeholders. During year 3 the meeting will review the progress that has been made; communicate key findings and recommendations; provide an opportunity for farmers to advocate on specific issues; will identify ways of sustaining the progress that has been made; and will identify ways of extending the impact of the project.This activity will be implemented by Site Level Partners in conjunction with other partners.

Support to farmers groups to model C3S agricultural techniques on their farms

The project will provide training and inputs to groups of farmers to apply C3S agricultural techniques on farm field schools within the project villages. The techniques that will be promoted will build on the local experience of the project partners (see Boxes 1 3); and the research carried out by ActionAid under Strategy 2. The techniques will aim to look holistically at farmers production. There will be an emphasis on improving the production potential of diverse agroforests, complex woodland-fallow-and-crop mosaics and other more extensive but high carbon and high