Shubhasree

NUTRITION NUTRITION AND AND

right to liferight to life

INTRODUCTION

• The health profile of India at the end of 20th century was promising. Impressive improvements in socio-economic, nutrition and health status and eradication of major killer diseases largely contributed to epidemiological and demographic transition.

• On the other hand, a heavy burden of disease of growing and greying population was also seen.

• Rural migration poverty hunger

• INDIA IS FACING A DUAL BURDEN OF MALNUTRITION

• Pathological state resulting from deficiency or excess of one or more essential nutrients

MALNUTRITION

• PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION

• UNDERWEIGHT

• MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY

• OBESITY

• OTHER LIFE STYLE DISORDERS

UNDERNUTRITION OVERNUTRITION

UNDERWEIGHTMalnutrition

levels are higher

among young girls. Almost half of the girls in age 15-19 are

undernourished.

Undernutrition declines

and overnutrition

increases with age of

women

2631

38

47

24

17

8

2

15-19 20-29 30-39 40-49

Underweight Overweight/Obese

Cont…

• Occurs due to FOOD GAP

• PEM

• Growth retardation to kwashiorkar and marasmus

MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY

• ANAEMIA

• VITAMIN – A DEFICIENCY

• IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDER

ANAEMIA

56

44

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

PE

RC

EN

T

NFHS-3(05-06) NFHS-2 (98-99)

TREND IN ANAEMIA PREVALENCE IN CHILDREN (KERALA)

•320 million - 40-88 per cent of pregnant women, 60-70 per cent of children, 50 per cent of adolescent girls•39% of 6-11 months have moderate anaemia•36% children whose mother was anaemic had moderate anaemia

VITAMIN-A DEFICIENCY

• Leads to night blindness

• Middle and high income consume more Vitamin A rich foods

• Less prevalence in Kerala

IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDER

• Leads to goitre• Only 1% prevalence in Ernakulam (Kapil et al.1998)• Thanks to sea foods

IODINE CONTENT OF SALT IN KERALA

47.6

13.2

39.3

17.4

8.7

73.9

None

Inadequate

Adequate

PERCENT

NFHS-3(05-06) NFHS-2 (98-99)

OBESITY

• Excess accumulation of fat in the body• percentage of women who are overweight or obese is

highest in Punjab (30%), followed by Kerala (28%) and Delhi (26%)

• 40% women 40-49 years and 25% men 30-39 years are overweight in kerala

• Overweight and obesity are more than three times higher in urban than rural areas

• Almost one-third of women in the highest income quintile

are overweight or obese

HUNGER MAP

• Food security- a situation which exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life

• Kerala – moderately secure• In Ernakulam, only 10% of BPL category are food secure and 87%

food insecure but no hunger

KERALA

MEAT FROM KARNATAKA

RICE FROM ANDRA PRADESH

VEGETABLES FROM TAMILNADU

GOVERNMENT PROGRAMMES

Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)

Public Distribution System(PDS) Vitamin-A prohylaxis programme National Iodine Deficiency Control

Programme(NIDDCP) Anaemia control

• India needs

• Include millets and pulses in PDS

• Extend ICDS to target 6 months – 2 years

• Promote

• Make healthy food choices

• Efficient monitoring of govt. programmes and feedback system

• Spreading awareness through nutrition education

• Making kerala self-sufficient and hunger free