Short title: TARK1 regulates pre-invasion defense 2 Corresponding … · 8 Authors: Andrew R. Guzman, Jung-Gun Kim, Kyle W. Taylor, Daniel Lanver and Mary 9 Beth Mudgett 10 11 Affiliations:
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Short title: TARK1 regulates pre-invasion defense 1
2
Corresponding Author: Professor Mary Beth Mudgett ([email protected]) 3
4
Title: Tomato Atypical Receptor Kinase1 is involved in the regulation of pre-invasion 5
defense 6
7
Authors: Andrew R. Guzman, Jung-Gun Kim, Kyle W. Taylor, Daniel Lanver and Mary 8
Beth Mudgett 9
10
Affiliations: Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, 11
USA 12
13
One sentence summary: A Leucine Rich Repeat Receptor-like pseudokinase is 14
involved in the regulation of stomatal movement in response to bacteria and biotic 15
elicitors, affecting resistance to bacterial invasion. 16
17
Author Contributions 18
A.R.G., K.W.T., M.B.M. and J-G.K. designed the research; A.R.G., J-G.K., K.W.T. and 19
D.L. performed the experiments; A.R.G., J-G.K. and K.W.T. analyzed the data; A.R.G., 20
J-G.K., K.W.T. and M.B.M interpreted data; and A.R.G. and M.B.M wrote the 21
manuscript. 22
Plant Physiology Preview. Published on May 12, 2020, as DOI:10.1104/pp.19.01400
Copyright 2020 by the American Society of Plant Biologists
Orbitrap mass spectrometer system that was purchased with funding from National 750
Institutes of Health Shared Instrumentation grant S10RR027425. 751
752
Figure Legends 753
Figure 1. Isolation and validation of TARK1 interacting proteins. A, Diagram of TARK1 754 and TARK-GFP proteins and their predicted domains: SP, signal peptide; LRR, leucine 755 rich repeats; TM, transmembrane; JM, juxtamembrane and PK, pseudokinase domain. 756 Predicted protein molecular weights: TARK1 = 66 kDa; TARK1-GFP = 92 kDa. Arrow = 757 Site of CRISPR (CR) mutation. Bar = Peptide used for antibody (Ab) production. B, 758 Immunoblot analysis showing TARK1 and TARK1-GFP protein levels in untreated (-) 759 and Xe ∆hrcV (+) infected leaves 24 hours post-inoculation using a TARK1 peptide 760 antibody (αTARK1 Ab). C, Table of TARK1 interacting proteins that are associated with 761 stomatal function. (*) = Closest Arabidopsis homolog using best BLAST P (Altschul et 762 al., 1997). Protein name and/or gene locus is listed. (**) = Number of unique peptides 763 identified in TARK1-GFP immunoprecipitation (IP) samples (n = 3 biological replicates) 764 using LC-MS/MS. D, Co-immunoprecipitation using GFP magnetic agarose beads with 765 candidates that have N (GFP-) or C (-GFP) terminal tag and TARK1-3xHA or 766 TARK1Like-3xHA. 767 768 Figure 2. Stomatal apertures of leaf pieces from WT, TARK1 CRISPR (CR) and TARK1 769 overexpression (OE) plants treated with biotic elicitors. Leaf pieces were floated on 2-770 (N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer (control) or A 100 µM salicylic acid (SA) 771 in MES buffer, B 10 µM Flg22 in MES buffer and C 10 µg/mL chitin in MES buffer and 772 then apertures were measures at 4 hours post-treatment. For A-C, approximately 60-773 100 apertures were measured from an individual plant from the indicated genotypes per 774 independent experiment. Box and whisker plots represent data aggregated from 3 775 independent experiments (n=255-300 apertures, see Supplemental Table S3 for exact 776 n). Whiskers represent the range, boxes represent interquartile range split by the 777 median, circles represent individual data points and letters above bars represent 778 statistical significance (Oneway ANOVA, P<0.05). 779 780
Figure 3. Stomatal movements in leaves of WT, TARK1 CRISPR (CR) and TARK1 781 overexpression (OE) plants in response to Pst and coronatine treatment. Stomatal 782 apertures of leaf pieces from WT, TARK1 CR, and OE plants floated on water (control), 783 Pst DC3000 (Pst WT) or the coronatine deficient strain Pst DC3118 (Pst COR-) in water 784 at A 1 and B 4 hours post-treatment. C, Stomatal apertures of leaf pieces floated on 785 MES buffer, pH 6.15 (control) or 0.1 ng/µL coronatine (COR) in MES buffer 4 hours 786 post-treatment. D, Control (MES; black), COR (Sigma; blue), Pst WT (in water; red), Pst 787 WT + COR (0.5ng/μL; orange), Pst COR- (in water; grey), Pst COR- + COR (purple) 4 788 hours post-treatment. For A-D, approximately 60-100 apertures were measured from an 789 individual plant from the indicated genotypes per independent experiment. Box and 790 whisker plots represent data aggregated from 3 independent experiments (n=247-300 791
apertures, see Supplemental Table S3 for exact n). Whiskers represent the range, 792 boxes represent interquartile range split by the median, circles represent individual data 793 points and letters above bars represent statistical significance (Oneway ANOVA, 794 P<0.05). 795
796 Figure 4. Phenotypes of WT, TARK1 CRISPR (CR), and TARK1 overexpression (OE) 797 plants following bacterial spray inoculation. A, Number of Pst (log(CFU/cm2)) in WT, CR, 798 and OE leaflets 4 days post-inoculation (DPI). B, Disease symptoms in WT, CR and OE 799 leaflets infected with Pst WT 4 DPI. C, Number of Xe WT (log(CFU/cm2)) in WT, CR and 800 OE leaflets 12 days post inoculation. D, Disease symptoms in WT, CR and OE leaflets 801 infected with Xe WT 16 DPI. For A-D, assays were performed with one leaf from each 802 plant genotype in triplicate (n=3). For A and C, circles on bar graphs represent bacterial 803 number in each leaflet analyzed. 2 leaflets were assayed per leaf. Letters above the 804 bars represent statistical significance (Oneway ANOVA, P<0.05, n=6). 805 806
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