Short Notes on MINERALS

8/12/2019 Short Notes on MINERALS

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Short Notes on MINERALS

JULY 29, 2014

India is quite rich in minerals. Substances which are found in the rocks liehidden under the ground are called minerals.

Some /of the minerals like iron, copper, zinc, aluminium, GOLD AND SILVER

are metals while some others like coal, petroleum, lime stone and salt are non-

metals.

The metals are found in their crude form known as ores. The metals have to be

obtained from their ores by melting or by other process.

1.IRON :

Iron is found in the earths surface in its crude form known as iron-ore.

India has huge deposits of iron-ore in Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh,

Karnataka and Maharashtra.

Iron-ore is found in the mines at Singhbhum in Bihar and Mayurbhanj in

Orissa.

Steel is obtained by alloying iron with manganese.

We have big steel plants at Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Bokaro, Durgapur, Rourkela

and Bhadravati.


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2.COAL:

It is known as black diamond. Products like nylon, chemicals, dyes, drugs

and perfumes are obtained from the distillation of coal.

Coal is found in Bihar, West Bengal, Damodar Valley, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh

and Madhya Pradesh.

Jharia in Bihar and Raniganj in West Bengal are the largest coal mines in

India.

Other coal mines are located at Suhagpur (Madhya Pradesh) Dhanbad (Bihar)

Neyveli (Tamil Nadu) and Singarani (Andhra Pradesh).

3.PETROLEUM:

Petroleum is known as black gold.

Petroleum is found at Digboi in Assam, Ankaieshwar and Kalol in Gujarat and

Bombay High off the shore of Bombay.

The petroleum produced in India is not sufficient to meet our requirements.

4.MANGANESE:
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Manganese is used in the manufacture of steel.

India is one of the largest producers of manganese in the world.

It is found in Orissa, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.

5.MICA:

It is a bad conductor of electricity.

It is used as insulator in making electrical goods like radio sets and wireless

sets.

India is the largest producer of mica in the world.

Its huge deposits are found in Gaya, Monghyr and Hazaribagh districts of

Bihar.

Mica is also found in large quantities in Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan. Alarge quantity of mica is exported to other countries.

6.ALUMINIUM:

It is a light but hard metal.

The ore from which aluminum is produced is known as bauxite.

Huge deposits of bauxite are found in Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra

Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra.

7. COPPER:

It is a good conductor of electricity.

It alloys with zinc to form brass and with tin to form bronze.

It occurs in small quantities in India.

It is found at Khetri in Rajasthan. Some copper has been found in Andhra

Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.


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8.GOLD:

Gold is produced from the mines at Kolor and Hutti in Karnataka and

Anantopuram in Andhra Pradesh.

9.DIAMOND:

Diamonds are found in the mines at Panno in Madhya Pradesh

.

First in Sports Indians

JULY 29, 2014

1. The first Indian to win an individual medal at the Olympic Games

- KD Jadhav

2. The first Indian to win a gold medal at the Olympic Games

- Abhinav Bindra

3. The first Indian woman to win an individual medal at the Olympic Games

- Karnam Malleswari


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4. The first Indian (also the first Asian) to win the Wimbledon junior Singles

title

- Ramanathan Krishnan (in 1954)

5. The first Indian to win a Grand Slam title (French Open mixed doubles titlein 1997)

- Mahesh Bhupathi

6. The first Indian to achieve a career Grand Slam in mixed doubles

- Mahesh Bhupathi (2006)

7. The first Indian to achieve a career Grand Slam in doubles

- Leander Paes (2012)

8. The first Indian to become a world champion in billiards

-Wilson Jones

9. Indias first Grandmaster and also the first Indian to win the FIDE World

Chess Championship

- Vishwanathan Anand

10. The first Indian to win the under 10 World Chess Championship- P. Harikrishna

11. The first Indian to win the All England Badminton Championship

- Prakash Padukone

12. The first Indian gymnast to win a medal at the Commonwealth Games

- Ashish Kumar

13. The first Indian woman to receive the Grandmasters title- Koneru Humpy

14. The youngest Indian to win the Grandmaster title

- Parimarjan Negi (13 years 3 months and 22 days)


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15. The youngest Indian to captain its test cricket team

- Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi

16. The first Indian to swim across the English Channel

- Mihir Sen (1958)

17. The first Indian woman (also Asian woman) to swim across the English

Channel

- Aarti Saha (1959)

18. The first woman in the world to swim the seven seas

-Bula Chaudhary

19. The first Indian woman to win a gold medal at the Asian Games

- Kamaljit Sandhu

20. The first Indian women athlete to win a medal at a world event (Bronze at

World Athletics Championship, 2003)

-Anju Bobby George

21. The first Indian woman to win a Grand Slam title

-Sania Mirza

22. The first Indian to win the World Junior Badminton Championships and

also to win a Super Series tournament, (by clinching the Indonesia Open)

-Saina Nehwal

23. 1st recipient of Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award

- Viswanathan Anand

24. 1st woman recipient of Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award-Karnam Malleswari

25. 1st recipient of Dhyanchand Lifetime Achievement Award

-Aparna Ghosh


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26. 1st cricket player to be awarded the Arjuna Award

- Salim Durrani

27. 1st Indian to win Olympic medals at two consecutive Olympic Games

-Sushil Kumar

Review Of Some Science Facts SSC CGL Exam 2014

JULY 28, 2014

The theory of relativity was propounded byAlbert Einstein

The principal metal used in manufacturing steel is Iron.

An altimeteris used for measuring altitude

Oologyis the study of Birds eggs

Radioactivity was discovered by Henry Bacquerel

The metal used in storage batteries is Lead.

The instrument used to measure the relative humidity of air is

Hygrometer.

Barometer was invented by Torricelli.

The unit of power isWatt.

Radium was discovered by Marie and Pierrie Curie.


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The existence of isotopes was discovered by Frederick Soddy.

Dynamo was invented by Michael Faraday.

The nuclear reactor was invented by Enrico Ferni.

The law of gravitation was propounded by Sir Isaac Newton.

Crescograph was invented by J.C.Bose.

Crescograph is used to measure the Rate of growth of a plant.

Galileos first scientific discovery was Pendulum.

Microscope was invented byAaton Van Leewen Hock.

The scientist who is known as father of modern biology is

Aristotle.

The first person to see a cell under microscope was Robert

Hooke.

The smallest flowering plant isWolffia.

The four blood groups were discovered by Karl Landsteiner.

Sodium was discovered bySir Humphry Davy.

The atomic number of oxygen is Eight.

The basic building blocks of proteins areAmino acids.

The botanical name of the cotton plant is Gossipium Hirsutum.

An Electroscope is used to Detect charges on a body.

The unit of loudness level is Phon. An ammeter is used to measure Electric current.

Plant that eat insects are called Insectivorous plant.

Important Amendments to Indian Constitution


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JULY 15, 2014

1st amendment June 18, 1951 zamindari abolition laws.

2nd amendment May 1, 1953 fix the size of each parliamentaryconstituency between 650,000 and 850,000 voters.

6th amendment September 11, 1956 the Union and State Lists with respect

to raising of taxes

7th amendment November 1, 1956 Reorganization of states on linguistic

lines and Introduction of Union Territories

10th amendment August 11, 1961 Incorporation of Dadra, Nagar andHaveli as a Union Territory after acquisition from Portugal

11th amendment December 19, 1961 Election of Vice President by

Electoral

12th amendment December 20, 1961 Incorporation of Goa, Daman and

Diu as a Union Territory, after acquisition from Portugal

13th amendment December 1, 1963 Formation of State of Nagaland, with

special protection under Article 371A

14th amendment December 28, 1962 Incorporation of Pondicherry into

the Union of India

Creation of Legislative Assemblies for Himachal Pradesh, Tripura, Manipur

and Goa

15th amendment October 5, 1963 Raise retirement age of judges from 60to 62

22nd amendment September 25, 1969 Provision to form Autonomous

states within the State of Assam


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24th amendment November 5, 1971 Enable parliament to dilute

fundamental rights through amendments to the constitution

31th amendment October 17, 1973 Increased size of Parliament from 525

to 545 seats.

32nd amendment July 1, 1974 Protection of regional rights in Telangana

and Andhra regions of State of Andhra Pradesh

33rd amendment May 19, 1974 Prescribes procedure for resignation by

members of parliament and state legislatures

Prescribes procedure for verification and acceptance of resignation by house

speaker

35th amendment March 1, 1975 Terms and Conditions for the

Incorporation of Sikkim into the Union of India

37th amendment May 3, 1975 Formation of Arunachal Pradesh legislative

assembly

38th amendment August 1, 1975 Enhances the powers of President and

Governors to pass ordinances

42nd amendment April 1, 1977 - Provides for curtailment of fundamental

rights, imposes fundamental duties and changes to the basic structure of the

constitution by making India a Socialist Secular Republic

51th amendment June 16, 1986 Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in

Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh Legislative

Assemblies

52nd amendment March 1, 1985 Anti Defection Law Provide

disqualification of members from parliament and assembly in case of

defection from one party to other


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56th amendment May 30, 1987 Transition provision to enable formation

of state of Goa

58th amendment December 9, 1987 Provision to publish authentic Hindi

translation of constitution

61th amendment March 28, 1989 Reduce age for voting rights from 21 to

18

65th amendment March 12, 1992 National Commission for Scheduled

Castes and Scheduled Tribes formed and its statutory powers specified in The

Constitution.

69th amendment February 1, 1992 To provide for a legislative assembly

and council of ministers for Federal National Capital of Delhi. Delhi continues

to be a Union Territory

70th amendment December 21, 1991 Include National Capital of Delhi and

Union Territory of Pondicherry in electoral college for Presidential Election

82nd amendment September 8, 2000 Permit relaxation of qualifying

marks and other criteria in reservation in promotion for SC / ST candidates

86th amendment December 12, 2002 Provides Right to Education until

the age of fourteen and Early childhood care until the age of six

93rd amendment January 20, 2006 To enable provision of reservation for

other backward classes (O.B.C.) in government as well as private educational

institutions

97th amendment 12 January 2012 Added the words or co-operativesocieties in Article 19(l)(c) and inserted article 43B

i.e, Promotion of Co-operative Societies and added Part-IXB i.e, THE CO-

OPERATIVE SOCIETIES


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Important Years in INDIAN History

JULY 9, 2014

1866 First Indian Political Association1870 Poona Sarvajanik Sabha

1876 The Indian Association

1884 Madras Mahajana Sabha

1885 -Bombay Presidency Association

1885 Dec -Indian National Congress

Three Important Periods :

1885-1905 Moderate Period

1905-1919 Extremist Period

1919-1947 Gandhian Period

1905 Vandemataram movement

1916 Home Rule movement

1920 Non-Cooperation Movement

1930 Civil Disobedient Movement

1942 Quit Indian Movement

1892 Indian Council Act

1909 Minto-Morely Reforms Act

1919 Montague-Chelmsford Act

1919 Rowlatt Act

1935 Government of India Act

20th July 1905 Division of Bengal by Lord Curzon

1906 Birth of Muslim League

1940 August offer

1922 October Chauri-Chaurah incident

1922 Swaraj Party Formation

1927 Simon Commission appointed by British Parliament

1928 Simon Commission visit ot India

1931 Gandhi-Irwin Pact


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1930, 31, 32 Three Round Table Conference

1945 Simla Conference (Lord Wawell)

1946 Cripps Proposals

1946 Cabinet Missions arrival

1947 Mountbatten Plan

1950 India became Republic

1956 Re-organization of the States

23 rd March 1931 Execution of Bhagath Singh,Sukhdev and Rajguru

Important Battles in History of India

JULY 10, 2014

1. 1st battle of Tarain 1191 Prithviraj Chauhan defeated Mohammed Ghori

2. 2nd battle of Tarain 1192 Mohammad Ghori defeated Prithviraj

Chauhan

3. 1st battle of Panipat 1526 Babar defeated Ibrahim Lodi

4. Battle of Khanwa 1527 Babur defeated Rana Sunga further

strengthening his foothold in India.

5. Battle of Ghaghra 1529 Babur defeated Mahmud Lodi and Sultan

Nusrat Shah thus establishing Mughal rule in India.

6. 2nd battle of Panipat 1556 Akbar defeated Hemu

7. 3rd battle of Panipat 1761 Ahmed Shah Abdali defeated the Marathas

8. Battle of Talikota 1565 Deccan Sultanates defeated the gloriousVijayanagar empire

9. Battle of Haldighati 1576 Undecisive battle between Raja Man Singh of

Mughal Army and Rana Pratap of Mewar.


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10. Battle of Plassey 1757 British defeated Siraj-ud-duala with the help of

Mir Zafar. This battle laid the foundation of British empire in India.

11. Battle of Wandiwash 1760 British decisively defeated the French in

India.

12. Battle of Buxar 1764 British defeated the combined forces of Mir

Qasim, Shuja-ud-duala (Nawab of Oudh) and Shah Alam II(Mughal emperor).

13. Battle of Samugarh 1658 Aurangzeb defeated Dara Shikoh.

14. Battle of Karnal 1739 Nadir Shah defeated Mughal Emperor

Muhammad Shah.

pH Values of Different Substances

MAY 3, 2014

Substance pH Values

Pure water7

Human blood

7.357.45

Sea water

7.58.4

Ammonia

10.6 to 11.6

Milk 6.56.7


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Normal rain

5.6 to 6

Acid rain

2 to 5.6

Human urine

6

Black coffee

5

Beers

4.5

Wines

2.8 to 3.8

Vinegar

2.9

Lemon juice 2.4

Famous Inventions and Inventors

APRIL 25, 2014

Inventions and Discoveries

Air Brake George Westinghouse

Aniline Dyes Hoffman

Adding Machine Balise Pascal


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AeroplaneWright Brothers

Air Conditioner Carrier

Atom Bomb Otto Hahn

Aspirin Dreser

Alcohol Thermometer Farenheit

Atomic Thermometer Bohr

Atomic Theory Dalton

Atomic Number Mosley

Atomic Structure Bohr and Rutherford

Automobile Daimler

Antiseptic Surgery Lord Joseph Lister

Archimedean Screw Archimedies

Avogadros Hypothesis Avogadro

Ball Pen Loud

Balloon Montogolfier

Blood Circulation Harvey

Barometer Torricelli

Bicycle Mac Millan

Braily System Louis Braille

Beri - Beri Eijkman


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Blood Circulation Harvey

Boson S.N.Bose

Boyles law Boyle

Braille Louis Braille

Computer Charles Babbage

Chloroform James Young Simpson

Cinema Lumiere Brothers

Cinema Projector Thomas Alva Edison

Crescograph J.C. Bose

Celluloid Parkes

ChloroformJames Harrison and James

Young Simpson

Cholera Bacillus Robert Koch

Coloured Photography Lippman

Cosmic Rays R.A.Millikan

Cyclotron Lawrence

Diesel Engine Rudolf Diesel

Dynamo Michael Faraday

Dynamite Alfred Nobel

Deuterium (Heavy Water) H.C.Urey

Diesel Oil Engine Rudolf Diesel


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Hydrogen Cavendish

Helicopter Broquett

Helium Gas Lockyer

Homoeopathy Hahnemann

Hovercraft Cockrell

Hydrophobia Louis Pasteur

Jet Engine Sir Frank Whittle

Intelligence Tests Binet

Insulin F. Banting

Induction of Electric Current Faraday

Incandescent Bulb Edison

Induction Coil Rohm Korff

Insulin F.Banting

Intelligence test Binet

Jet Propulsion Frank Whittle

Law of Gravitation Issac Newton

Law of Heredity G. Mendal

Laser Theodore Maiman

Lightning Conductor Benjamin Franklin

Logarithm John Napier


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Laughing Gas Priestley

Life Boat Henry Great Head

Lift (Elevators) Otis

Linotype Mergenthaler

Line of demarcation (ship) Plimsoll

Laws of Electrical Resistance Ohm

Law of Electrolysis Faraday

Law of gases Gay Lussac

Laws of Gravitation Newton

Laws of Heredity Gregory Mandel

Laws of Motion Newton Newton

Laws of Natural Selections Darwin

Laws of Multiple Proportion Dalton

Liquid Oxygen

Dewar

Machine Gun Dr. Richard Gattling

Maser Charles H. Townes

Microphone Graham Bell

Measurement of Electrical Energy Joule, James Prescoft

Meson Hideki Yakawa


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Microscope Janes

MolecularScattering oflight in fluid Ramanathan

Neon Gas Ramsay,Travers Neutron Chadwick

Nuclear Fission OttoHahn, Bohr and Fermi

Nylon Plastic Carothers

Oxygen J.B.Preistly

Origin of Species Charles Darwin

Parachute A.J. Garnerian

Pencillin Alexander Fleming

Photography (Film) John Carbutt

Periodic Law Mendeleef

Phonograph Edison

Phonographic Shorthand Pitman

Photograph

DauguerreDauguerre

Principle for lever (S.P.Gravity) Archimedes

Phototherapy N.R.Finsen

Positive Electrons Anderson

Powerloom Cartwright

Pneumatic Tyre Dunlop

Printing for the Blind Braille


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Printing Press Caxton

Printing Types John Guttenberg

Psycho-analysis Dr.Sigmund Freud

Rayon Sir Joseph Swan

Radio-activity of Uranium Henry Becquerel

Raman effect C.V.Raman

Radium Madame Curie

Railway Engine Stephenson

Radio transmitter Alexanderson

Rare Gas Cavandish

Replacing human heart Christian Barnard

Revolver Colt

Quantum Theory Max plank

Refrigerator James Harrison

Safety Lamp Humphry Davy

Safety Match Land Strom

Safety Pin William Hunt

Safety Razor Gillette

Sewing Machine Barthelling Thimonnier

Short Hand Pitman


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Typewriter Sholes

Theory of Evolution Charles Darwin

Theory of Relativity Albert Einstein

Uranium fusion Oho Hahn

Uranus (Planet) Herschel William

Vaccination Jenner

Vaccum Flask Sir James Dewar

Vulcanisation Good Year

Washing Soda Lablanc

Wireless Communication Oliver Lodge

Wireless Telegraphy Marcony

Wireless Marconi

X-ray W.C. Rontgen

New Appointments of 2014

APRIL 25, 2014

In view of the upcoming exams, today we are presenting to you the list of New

Appointments of 2014. In this list, we covered all important National and

International Appointments which occurred in the past 4 months of the year

2014 (January, February, March and first 3 weeks of April). This list will be

helpful for your upcoming Postal Assistants / Sorting Assistants, SBI PO and

SSC CGL Exams. Hope you like the post.


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1. A L Banerjee- New DGP (UP)

2. Aditi Khanna- First Woman President of Indian Journalists Association

(IJA), London

3. Ajoy Misra- MD & CEO, Tata Global Beverages Limited

4. Akhilesh Das Gupta- President (Re-Elected), Badminton Association of

India (BAI)

5. Akhilesh Gupta- President of Indian Meteorological Society

6. Amitabh Kant- Secretary, Department of Industrial Policy and

Promotion

7. Arvind Mayaram- New Finance Secretary

8. Arseniy Yatsenyuk - Interim Prime Minister of Ukraine

9. Arun Kumar Gupta- CMD, Shipping Corporation of India (SCI)

10. Ashraf Jehan- First female judge, Pakistans National Sharia Court

11. Chetan Tamboli- Chairman of CII (Confederation of Indian Industry),

Western Region

12. Devendra Kumar Pathak - Special DG, Border Security Force

13. Dinesh Sarraf- CMD of Oil and Natural Gas Corporation

14. Edward Snowden - New Rector of the University of Glasgow

15. Glen Attewell - New CEO to Tesco HSC

16. G. Rohini First Woman Chief Justice, Delhi High Court

17. H C Meena- Secretary Security, Cabinet Secretariat

18. Harish Rawat - CM of Uttrarakhand.

19. Ibrahim Mahlab - New PM of Egypt

20. Jamila Bayaz - First Women Police Chief, Afghanistan

21. Janet Yellen Head of US Federal Reserve (1st Woman)

22. Jatinder Bir Singh- Chairman and Managing Director of Punjab and

Sind Bank (PSB)

23. John Thompson - Chairman of Microsoft

24. Justice Ashok Kumar Mathur - Chairman of the 7th Pay Commission

25. Justice B.S. Chauhan- Judge of the Supreme Court

26. Kailash Meghwal - Speaker, Rajasthan Assembly

27. Kalyan Singh- Vice President of BJP

28. Kiran Mazumdar Shaw - Chairperson, Indian Institute of


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Management-Bangalore (IIM-B)

29. Lt Gen P R Kumar - Director General of Military Operations (DGMO),

Indian Army

30. M Teresa Kho-ADBs (Asian Development Bank) new country director

for India

31. Malala Yousafzai -World Childrens Prize, Sweden

32. Manoj Vaish - MD and CEO, Multi Commodity Exchange of India Ltd

(MCX)

33. Marco Lambertini - Director-General of the WWF International

34. Matteo Renzi - Italys youngest PM

35. Mukul Mudgal - Chairperson of Broadcasting Content Complaints

Council (BCCC)

36. Narendra Kothari New Chairman, NMDC

37. N P Singh - CEO, Multi Screen Media

38. N. Ramachandran - President, Indian Olympic Association

39. N. Srinivasan - Chairman of the International Cricket Council

40. Oleksandr Turchynov- Interim President of Ukraine

41. P. Madhusudan- CMD, Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd (RINL)

42. Poonam Khetrapal Singh- Regional Director of World Health

Organization South-East Asia Region

43. Pradeep Kumar Saxena- GM, South Western Railway

44. Priyadarshni Mohapatra - MD Avayas India and SAARC Operations

45. R. Chandrashekhar -President, NASCOM

46. R Gandhi -Deputy Governor of RBI

47. R.K. Tiwari - Chairman of Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT)

48. R.M. Lodha - New Chief Justice of India

49. R.K. Dhowan - New Navy Chief

50. RajeevKher - Secretary in Department of Commerce

51. Rajiv Takru- New Revenue Secretary

52. Rakesh Maria - Mumbai Police Commissioner

53. Ravi Chauhan- MD, SAP India

54. S.K. Sharma - CMD of Bharat Electronics Ltd.

55. SanjayKirloskar- Deputy Chairman of CII, Western Region


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56. Satya Nadella- CEO of Microsoft

57. Saurabh Chandra- Secretary, Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas

58. Shankar Venkateswaran- Chief, Tata Sustainability Group

59. Sheikh Hasina - Prime Minister of Bangladesh (Third Time)

60. Shikar Dhawan- Brand Ambassador to Canara Bank

61. Soma Mondel- First Woman Director of National Aluminium Company

Ltd.

62. B.N. Sri Krishna- Chairman of Financial Planning Standards Board

India (FPSB)

63. Sudhir Gupta- Secretary, TRAI

64. Sunil Kumar Sood- General Manager, Central Railway

65. Sushil Koirala - PM of Nepal

66. T. Nanda Kumar- Chairman, National Dairy Development Board

(NDDB)

67. Uday Sareen- Deputy CEO, ING Vysya Bank

68. V.Kannan- CMD of Vijaya Bank

69. Vinod Sawhney - CEO of Reliance Communication (RCom)

70. Yaduvendra Mathur - CMD of Export-Import Bank of India

History Quiz : First in India ( Male )

MARCH 21, 2014

1.First Governor of BengalLord Clive ( 175760)

2.

Last Governor of BengalLord Hastings ( 177274)

3.First Governor Genral of BengalLord Hastings ( 177475)

4.First British Governor Gerneral of IndiaLord Bentinck ( 183335)


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5.First British Viceroy of IndiaLord Canning ( 185662)

6.First President of Indian RebublicDr. Rajendra Prasad

7.

First Prime Minister of free IndiaPt. Jawahar Lal Nehru

8.First Indian to win Nobel PrizeRabindranath Tagore

9.First Muslim President of Indian National Congress

Baduddin Tyabji

10.First Muslim President of IndiaDr. Zakir Hussain

11.First Governor General of free IndiaLord Mountbatten

12.

First and last Indian Governor General of IndiaC. Rajgopalachari

13.First man who introduced printing press in IndiaJames Hicky

14.

First Indian to join the I.C.SSatyendra Nath Tagore

15.

Indias first CosmonautRakesh Sharma

16.First Prime Minister of India who resigned without completing the full term

Morarji Desai


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17.First Indian Member of the Viceroys executive councilS. P. Sinha

18.First President of India who died while in officeDr. Zakir Hussain

19.

First Prime Minister of India who did not face the ParliamentCharan Singh

20.First Field Marshal of IndiaField Marshal S.H.F. J. Maneckshaw

21.First Indian to get Nobel Prize in Physics

C.V. Raman

22.First Indian to receive Bharat Ratna awardDr. S. Radhakrishnan

23.First Indian to cross English ChannelMihir Sen

24.

First Person to receive Jananpith awardG. Shanker Kurup

25.First Speaker of the Lok SabhaG V Mavalankar

26.First VicePresident of IndiaDr. S. Radhakrsihnan

27.

First Home Minister Of IndiaSardar Vallabhbahi Patel

28.First Person to reach Mt. Everest without oxygenSherpa Ang Dorjee

29.First person to reach the South PoleCol J K Bajaj


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30.First Person to get Param Vir ChakraMajor Somnath Sharma

31.First Chief Election CommissionerSukumar Sen

32.

First Person to receive Magsaysay AwardVinoba Bhave

33.First Indian Origin person to receive Nobel Prize in MedicineHargobind

Khurana

34.First Person to receive Nobel Prize in EconomicsAmartya Sen

35.

First Chief Justice of Supreme CourtJustice H. J. Kania

36.

First Indian to win back to back medals in OlympicsSushil Kumar ( 2008,

2012)

37.

First Man to climb Mount Everest TwiceNwang Gombu

38.First Man to Climb Mt. Everest 19 timesApa Sherpa

39.First Indian Chess GrandmasterVishwanathan Anand ( 1988)

40.

First Indian PilotJ.R. D. Tata ( 1929)

History Quiz : First in India ( Female )


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MARCH 21, 2014

1.First female officer to be court martial led

- Anjali Gupta

2.First woman judge in the Supreme Court Justice

- M. Fathima Bivi

3.First woman Ambassador/High Commissioner

-Miss C.B. Muthamma

4.First woman Governor of a state in India

Mrs. Sarojini Naidu

5.First woman Speaker of a state Assembly

Mrs. Shanno Devi

6.First woman Prime Minister

- Mrs. Indira Gandhi

7.First woman Minister in Government

- Rajkumari Amrit Kaur

8.First woman to climb mount Everest

- Bachhendri Pal


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9.First woman to climb mount Everest twice

- Santosh Yadav

10.First woman President of Indian National Congress

- Mrs. Annie Besant

11.First woman pilot in the Indian Air Force

- Harita K Deol

12.First woman graduates

- Kadambini Ganguly & Chandramukhi Basu (1883)

13.First woman Airline Pilot

- Durba Banerjee

14.

First Indian woman Honours graduate- Kamini Roy (1886)

15.First woman Olympic medal Winner

- Karnam Maleshwari (2000)

16.First woman Asian Games Gold Medal Winner

- Kamaljit Sandhu

17.First woman President of United Nations General Assembly

- Vijay Lakshmi Pandit


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18.First woman Chairman of Union Public Service Commission

- Roze Millian Bethew

19.First woman Director General of Police- Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya

20.First Indian woman Judge

- Anna Chandy (1937)

21.First woman Chief Justice of High Court

- Mrs. Leela Seth

22.First woman Lieutenant General

- Dr. Punita Arora

23.First woman Air Vice Marshal

- Dr. Padmavathi Bandopadhyaya

24.First woman chairperson of Indian Airlines

- Sushma Chawla

25.First woman IPS officer

- Mrs. Kiran Bedi

26.First and last Muslim woman ruler of India

- Razia Sultan


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27.First woman of receive Ashoka Chakra

- Nirja Bhanot

28.First woman to receive jnanpith Award

- Ashapurna Devi

29.First woman to cross English Channel

- Aarti Saha

30.First Indian woman to receive the Nobel Prize

- Mother Teresa

31.First woman to receive Bharat Ratna

- Mrs.Indra Gandhi

32.First Indian women to cross Gobi Desert

- Sucheta Kadethankar (2011)

33.First Indian woman to reach the final of an Olympic event

- P.T. Usha

34.First Test Tube Baby (Documented)

- Indira

35.First Indian woman Merhcant Navy Officer

- Sonali Banerjee


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List of Important Battles for SSC CGL Exam

MARCH 21, 2014

Dear readers, here we are providing list of some Important Battles of Indian

history which can be useful in your upcoming SSC exams.

1.Battle of Chausa:1539 A.D.- The battle of Chausa was fought between

Mughal emperor Humayun and Sher Shah Suri. In this battle Humayun was

defeated.It facilitated Sher Khan to march on to Delhi at Agra.

2.Battle of Hydaspes 326 B.C.Alexander the Great, defeated Porus, the

Paurava king.

3.Battle of Kannauj (1540 A.D.)Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun.

After this battle, Humayun fled to Iran and Sher Shah Suri occupied Delhi.

4.Battle of Kalinga 261 B.C.Ashoka defeated the king of Kalinga.

Ashoka embraced Buddhism and preached it during the rest of his life after

this war.

5.First Battle of Tarain or Thaneswar A.D. 1191- Prithvi Raj Chauhan

defeated Mohammed Ghori.

6.Second Battle of Tarain A.D. 1192 - Mohammed Ghori defeated Prithvi

RajChauhan. Ghoris victory paved the way for the establishment of Muslim

rule in India.

7.First Battle of Panipat 1526Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi.This laid

the foundation of the Mughal rule in India.

8.Second Battle of Panipat 1556Bairam Khan(Akbars General)

defeated Hemu(the Hindu General and right-hand man of Mohd. Adil Shah).

It also ended the Afghan Rule and Mughal Rule began instead.


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9.Third Battle of Panipat 1761Ahmed Shah Abdali defeated Marathas.

It gave a terrible blow to the Maratha power. It made the field clear for the

English.

10.Battle of Khanwah 1527

Babar defeated Rana Sanga of Mewar. Thisbattle resulted in the defeat of the powerful Rajput confederacy.

11.Battle of Talikota 1564- 65United alliance between Bijapur, Bidar,

Ahmednagar and Golkonda under Hussain Nizam Shah defeated Ram Raja

of Vijayanagar. It destroyed the Hindu Kingdom of Vijayanagar.

12.Battle of Haldighati 1576Akbars forces headed by Raja Man Singh

defeated Rana Pratap,the brave Rajput king. Though defeated, Rana Pratap

refused to accept Mughal authority and carried on warfare till his death.13.Battle of Plassey 1757The English under Lord Clive defeated Siraj-

ud-Daulah. It brought Muslim Rule in Bengal to an end and laid foundations

of the British Rule in India.

14.Battle of Wandiwash 1760The English defeated the French. The

battle sealed the fate of the French in India and paved the way for English rule

in India.

15.Battle of Buxar 1764Fought in 1764 between the forces of the Englishand the combined forces of Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daulah (Nawab of Oudh)

and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam. The English victory at Buxarfinally

riveted the shackles of the Companys rule upon Bengal.

16.First Mysore War (1767- 68)In 1768, Haider Ali was defeated by the

Englishrelinquishing all his rights over Mysore in favour of the English.

17.Second Mysore War 1780A grand alliance between Haider Ali, the

Nizam and the Marathas was formed and Haider Ali. He defeated theEnglishand took possession of Arcot and became the undisputed master of

the Carnatic.

18.Third Mysore War 1790- 92Fought between the English and Tipu

Sultan. Tipu Sultan had to submit and was compelled to sign the Treaty of

Seringapattam stripped him of half his territory.


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19.Fourth Mysore War 1799The British forces under Arthur Wellesley

defeated Tipu Sultan, which brought the end of the Tipu Sultan.

20.First Anglo-Maratha War (17751782)was the first of three Anglo-

Maratha wars fought between the British East India Company and MarathaEmpirein India. The war began with the Treaty of Suratand ended with the

Treaty of Salbai.

21.Second Anglo Maratha War 1803-05It weakened the Maratha power.

The English annexed Tanjore, Surat and Carnatic.

22.Third Anglo Maratha War 1817- 18The British forces defeated

Marathasand this campaign finally extinguished the Maratha Empire.

23.Battle of Cheelianwala 1849Forces of the East India CompanyunderLord Hugh Gough defeated the Sikhsunder Sher Singh.

24.Burmese War 1885As a result of this War, the whole of Burma was

occupied by the Englishand made a part of India.

25.Afghan War III 1919As a result of this War, Treaty of Rawalpindi was

signedby which Afghanistan was recognised as an independent State.

FEW FACTS ABOUT INDIA

MARCH 21, 2014

In the prevailing scenario, we know we have many reasons to be mad about the

situation of our country. But its always better to look at positive side and be happy

and proud about it, then to look at the negative side and criticise. So, enlisting below

just few of the many positive points about INDIA.

1. India is the worlds largest, oldest, continuous civilization.

2. India is the worlds Largest democracy.


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3. India never invaded any country in her last 1000 years of history.

4. India invented the number system. Zero was invented by Aryabhatta.

5.When many cultures were only nomadic forest dwellers over 5000 years ago,

Indians established Harappan culture in Sindhu Valley (Indus Valley Civilization)

6. There are 300,000 active mosques in India , more than in any other country,

including the Muslim world

7. Sanskrit is the mother of all the European Languages . Sanskrit is the most suitable

language for computer softwarea report in Forbes magzine July 1987.

8. Chess (Shataranja or AshtaPada) was invented in India.

9. India has the second largest pool of Scientist and Engineers in the World.

10. India is the largest English speaking nation in the world.

11. India is the only country other than US and Japan, to have built a super computer

indeigenously.

12. India has the largest number of Post Offices in the world

13. One of the largest employer in the world is the Indian Railways , employing over a

million people

14. India was one of the richest countries till the time of British rule in the early 17th

Century. Christopher Columbus, attracted by Indias wealth, had come looking for a

sea route to India when he discovered America by mistake.

15. The Baily Bridge is the highest bridge in the world. It is located in the Ladakh


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valley between the Dras and Suru rivers in the Himalayan mountains. It was built by

the Indian Army in August 1982

16. The Vishnu Temple in the city of Tirupathi built in the 10th century, is the worlds

largest religious pilgrimagedestination. Larger than either Rome or Mecca, an average

of 30,000 visitors donate $6 million (US) to the temple everyday.

17. Varanasi, also known as Benaras, was called the Ancient City when Lord

Buddha visited it in 500 B.C., and is the oldest, continuously inhabited city in the

world today.

18. Martial Arts were first created in India, and later spread to Asia by Buddhist

missionaries.

19.Yoga has its origins in India and has existed for over 5,000 years.

20. Until 1896, India was the only source of diamonds in the world.

21. The value of pi was first calculated by the Indian Mathematician

Budhayana, and he explained the concept of what is known as the

Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6th century, long before the

European mathematicians.

22. Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to mankind. The Father

of Medicine, Charaka, consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago.

23. India provides safety for more than 300,000 refugees originally from Sri

Lanka, Tibet, Bhutan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh, who escaped to flee

religious and political persecution.

24. Sushruta is regarded as the Father of Surgery. Over2600 years ago

Sushrata & his team conducted complicated surgeries like cataract, artificial

limbs, cesareans, fractures, urinary stones, plastic surgery and brain surgerie


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25. The Art of Navigation & Navigating was born in the river Sindh over 6000

years ago. The very word Navigation is derived from the Sanskrit word

NAVGATIH. The word navy is also derived from the Sanskrit word Nou.

Jai Hind!!!

SSC Quiz : : The First Men in India who made history

MARCH 21, 2014

Dear readers we are providing here the first men and there accomplishment

which has been asked in every competitive examinations.

The first President of Indian Republic Dr. Rajendra Prasad

The first Prime Minister of free India Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru

The first Indian to win Nobel Prize Rabindranath Tagore

The first President of Indian National CongressW.C. Banerjee

The first Muslim President of Indian National Congress Badruddin Tayyabji
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The first Muslim President of India Dr. Zakir Hussain

The first British Governor General of India Lord William Bentinck(1833-1835)

The first British Governor General of Bengal Lord Warren Hasting(1774-1885)

The first British Viceroy of India Lord Canning

The first Governor General of free India Lord Mountbatten

The first and the last Indian to be Governor General of free India C. Rajgopalachari

The first man who introduced printing press in India James Hicky

The first Indian to join the I.C.S Satyendra Nath Tagore

Indias first man in Space Rakesh Sharma

The first Prime Minister of India who resigned without completing the full term Morarji Desai

The first Indian Commander-in-Chief of India General Cariappa

The first Chief of Army Staff Gen. Maharaj Rajendra Singhji

The first Indian Member of the Viceroys executive council S.P.Sinha

The first President of India who died while in office Dr. Zakhir Hussain

The first Muslim President of Indian Republic Dr. Zakhir Hussain


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The first Prime Minister of India who did not face the Parliament Charan Singh

The first Field Marshal of India S.H.F. Manekshaw

The first Indian to get Nobel Prize in Physics C.V.Raman

The first Indian to receive Bharat Ratna award Dr. Radhakrishnan

The first Indian to cross English Channel Mihir Sen

The first Person to receive Jnanpith award Sri Shankar Kurup

The firs Speaker of the Lok Sabha Ganesh Vasudeva Mavalankar

The first Vice-President of India Dr. Radhakrishnan

The first Education Minister Abdul Kalam Azad

The first Home minister of India Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel

The first Indian Air Chief Marshal S. Mukherjee

The first Indian Naval Chief Vice Admiral R.D. Katari

The first Judge of International Court of Justice Dr. Nagendra Singh

The first person to reach Mt. Everest without oxygen Sherpa Anga Dorjee

The first person to get Param Vir Chakra Major Somnath Sharma


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The first Chief Election Commissioner Sukumar Sen

The first person to receive Magsaysay Award Acharya Vinoba Bhave

The first person of Indian origin to receive Nobel Prize in Medicine Hargovind Khurana

The first Chinese traveller to visit India Fahein

The first person to receive Stalin Prize Saifuddin Kitchlu

The first person to resign from the Central Cabinet Shyama Prasad Mukherjee

The first person to receive Nobel Prize in Economics Amartya Sen

The first Chief Justice of Supreme Court Justice Hirala J. Kania

The first Indian Pilot J.R.D. Tata (1929)

All About Bharat Ratna Award: Indias Highest Civilian Honour

MARCH 21, 2014

Legendary cricketer Sachin Tendulkar and eminent scientist Prof C N Rao

was presented with the Bharat Ratna Award by Indias President Pranab

Mukherjee on 4 February 2014 in New Delhi.

The Little Master Tendulkar, who retired from international cricket on

November 16 last year, is the first sportsman to bestowed with the honour.


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An outspoken scientist, Prof Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao is a well

recognized international authority on solid state and materials chemistry is the

third scientist after C V Raman and former President A P J Abdul Kalam to be

conferred with the Bharat Ratna.

Tendulkar (40) and Rao (79), both of whom are recipients of Padma

Vibhushan the countrys second highest civilian honour, will join a list of 41

eminent personalities who have been conferred with the award that is given in

recognition of exceptional service of the highest order since it was instituted in

1954.

Bharat Ratna Award: The Bharat Ratna, (Jewel of India in English) is Indias

highest civilian honour.

Until 2011, the official criteria for awarding the Bharat Ratna stipulated it was

to be conferred for the highest degrees of national service. This service

includes artistic, literary, and scientific achievements, as well as recognition

of public service of the highest order.

In December 2011, the Government of India modified the criteria to allow

sportspersons to receive the award; since then, the award may be conferred

for performance of highest order in any field of human endeavor.

Any person without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex is eligible

for the award.

The recommendations for an award of the Bharat Ratna are made by the

Prime Minister of India to the President of India; a maximum of three awards

may be made in a given year.

Specifications of Bharat Ratna Award: The original specifications for the

award called for a circular gold medal, 35 mm in diameter, with the sun and

the legend Bharat Ratna (in Devanagari) above and a floral wreath below.


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The reverse was to carry the state emblem and motto. It was to be worn

around the neck from a white ribbon.

There is no indication that any specimens of this design were ever produced

and one year later the design was altered.

The decoration is in the form of a peepal leaf, about 5.8 cm long, 4.7 cm wide

and 3.1 mm thick. It is of toned bronze.

The award is attached to a 2-inch-wide (51 mm) white ribbon, and is designed

to be worn around the recipients neck.

Interesting facts and information about Bharat Ratna award:

Bharat Ratna is the most prestigious award given by Indian government.

Anyone with a great performance in any field is eligible for this honor.

1. The medal looks like a peepul leaf with Bharat Ratna written on it in

Devanagari script. An image of sun is also printed on it. The back side of the

award carries the state emblem and motto.

2. The award was started by formal President of India Rajendra Prasad on

2nd January, 1954. At that time only the alive people were eligible for their

national service. Later these criteria were changed.
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3.The first person to receive Bharat Ratna was scientist C.V. Raman and the

first person to receive Bharat Ratna after death is Lal Bahadur Shashtri.

4.Rajiv Gandhi is the youngest receiver (after death, at age 47) of the award

and Indira Gandhi is the youngest alive receiver (at age 54) of the award.

5. Vallabhbhai Patel is the eldest to receive (after death, at age 116) the

award and Gulzarilal Nanda is the eldest alive person to receive (at age 99)

the award.

6.Among 41 awards given so far only 2 awards were given to foreign citizen-

Nelson Mandela (1990), Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1987).

7.Subhas Chandra Bose was awarded with Bharat Ratna posthumously in

1992. But due to controversy (as there is no evidence of Subhas Chandra

Boses death) the award was withdrawn. It is the only incident in the history of

Bharat Ratna that an award was withdrawn.

8.There is no formal provision that recipients of the Bharat Ratna should be

Indian citizens. Bharat Ratna has been one award to a naturalised Indian

citizen, Mother Teresa (1980), and to two non-Indians, Khan Abdul Ghaffar

Khan (1987) and Nelson Mandela (1990).

9.Hindustani music doyen Bhimsen Joshi being the last recipient in 2008.


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10.Sachin Tendulkar is the youngest person alive at the time of receiving the

award (at the age of 40). Dhondo Keshav Karve is the eldest person alive at

the time of receiving the award (age 100).

11. CNR Rao became the third scientist after C V Raman and former

President A P J Abdul Kalam to be conferred with the Bharat Ratna.

The Bharat Ratna holders however, come 7th in the Indian order of

precedence behind:

1.The President

2. The Vice-President

3. The Prime Minister

4. The State Governors

5. The former Presidents and the Deputy Prime Minister

6. The Lok Sabha Speaker and Chief Justice of India

The perks associated with Bharat Ratna are:

1. Free first class flight journey anywhere in India.

2. Free first class train journey.

3. Pension equal to or 50% of Prime Minister of Indias salary.

4. Can attend the Parliament meetings and sessions.

5. Precedence at par with Cabinet Rank.

6. Eligible for Z category protection, if needed.

7. Special Guest in Republic Day and Independence Day.

8. Status equal to VVIP.


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SSC QUIZ ( IMPORTANT QUESTION ON GEOGRAPHY)

MARCH 21, 2014

1.

The first person to use the word geography wasErastosthenes (276194 BC)

2.The First presented the India on the world map

Tolmie

3.10latitude give the separation of

111 kms

4.10Longitude is equal to

4 (minutes)

5.

The Closest capital to tropic cancer

Ranchi

6.

3 capitals are above to Tropic of Cancer

Jaipur, Aizwol, Agarthala

7.

The atmosphere layer which reflects radiowaves is known as

- Lonosphere

8.

Which State is known as the name of Black Water?

- Andaman and Nicobar


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9.Which latitude divides India into two parts?

23 0

10.The largest delta in the world is

The delta of Ganga

11.The type of climate in India is

Monsoon

12.Most of the iron in India is found inDharwar Rocks

13.

Ozone layer is found in

Stratosphere

14.

Ring of fire refers to CircumPacific Seismic belt

15.WillyWilly is the tropical cyclone occurring in

Coast of Northwest Australia

16.On which river, the Baglihar Hydro- power project is located?

Chenab

17.The term Rugur refers to

Black cotton Soil


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18.Which two peninsular rivers flow through troughs?

Narmad and Tapi

19.How much area does India cover of the total geographical area of the world?

2.42%

20.

The length of the Indian coastline is

- 7516.6 km

Some Important Boundary Lines

Durand Line Between Pakistan and Afghanistan

Hinderberg line Between Germany and Poland

49 th Parallel Between USA and Canada

Mac Mohan Line Between India and Tibet / China

Maginot Line Between France and Germany

38thParallel Between North and South Korea

Oder Neisse Line Between Germany and Poland

Radcliffe Line Between India and Pakistan

17thParallel Between Inda and Pakistan


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(as claimed by Pakistan)

RIVERS SIDE CITIES ( IMPORTANT FOR SSC 10 + 2)

MARCH 20, 2014

Town River

Kabul (Afghanistan) Kabul

Allahabad

Confluence of Ganga,

Yamuna,

Saraswati (invisible)

Varanasi Ganga

Nasik Godawari

Kolkata Hooghly

Cuttack Mahanadi

Patna Ganga

Chittagong (Bangladesh) Maiyani

Lucknow Gomati

Jamshedpur Subarnarekha

Haridwar Ganga


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New Castle (U.K.) Tyre

China

Shanghai Yang-tse-Kiang

Nanking Yang-tse-Kiang

Chungking Yang-tse-Kiang

Canton Si-Kiang

Middle East and Africa

Cairo (Egypt) Nile

Basra (Iraq) Tigris and Euphrates

Ankara (Turkey) Kizil

Baghdad (Iraq) Tigris

Khartoum (Sudan) Blue and While Nile

Europe

Berlin (Germany) Spree

Belgrade Dunube

Cologne (Germany) Rhine

Lisbon (Portugal) Tangus

Glasgow (Scotland) Clyde


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USA

New York Hudson

Philadelphia Delaware

New Orleans Mississippi

Monetreal (Canada) Ottawa

Quebec (Canada) St. Lawrence

Short Notes on MINERALS

Documents