Shin eunji 587465 finaljournal

EUNJI SHIN (587465)

SEMESTER 1, 2014THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE

studio air

STUDENT JOURNAL

Introduction

My name is Eunji Shin, I know it is hard to find out how to pronounce my name but I don’t have any English name. It is hard to pick up one name that I like and now I know how foriegn people pronounce my name so it is okay to do not make another name. But I use random English name when I order coffee. I am from South Korea when I was in Year 9 in High School. I live with my family in Doncaster but I still miss my country and my people in Korea. I have decided to study architecture since it was my dream when I was young, but it doesn’t mean I still like architecture or I am good at drawings or something like that. Studio Air is my third studio in University of Melbourne, before this, I’ve done Designing Envi-ronments and Studio Water with the master of Alvaro Siza. Eventhough my major is Architecture, it is not easy to understand what’s good or bad/ right or wrong as there is no answer for designs, nand have a good presentation in front of people in English. I am a bit nervous and scared of doing presentation and get some criticisms like everyone does but, I like Studio Air because we all work as a group. I think this studio requires computerized design skills with creating patterns through Grasshopper which is not close to me, but, it is interesting that connecting square boxes can actually make a design.

Part A. Conceptualisation

a.1 Design futuring

For thinking about ‘Design for Future’, it is necessary to acknowledge about present and find out what things to be fixed to sustain our lives, nature and the earth in broad way. The critical issues that we face is lack of renewable energy use. Since human-being mainly uses fossil fuels that is limited and renewable resources are being used up at rate of 25per cent fastser then they can be renewed [1]. Now, adoption of alternative energy to buildings is encouraged as most of energy use is for maintain comfort such as temperature control or electricity for lighting or electrical goods and so on. It is significant to create constructions with less energy use or with energy generation from natural resource such as sunlight, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal energy or even biomass. However, it is important not only to aggregate energy generation technology and construction, but also to combine with design effectively. Autopoietic system/ autonomous network is considered as a most adaquate architectural system of communications. It contains recursive network of three categories which are artefects, knowledge and process. [2]

precedent 1

electric meadow

Electric Meadow is a one of the projects from LAGI, Fresh Kills Park Project, that has a feature of eco-friendly and generating energy, especially from wind. The design of the generator inspired by reed so that harmonise to the surrounding environment. The way of generating energy is from wind which is effective way in the vast (as Fresh Kills Park is three times larger than Central Park) and flat landscape wihtout any obstacles that avoid wind to blow. Furthermore, the design suits to the surrounding

environments and inform and question people to think about why is it here and consequently notifying about energy generation or environment sustainabil-ity. The main purpose of the Freshkills Park is to pro-viding a public place for delightful activities including horseback riding, mountain biking, hiking, kayaking, and large scale public art. Due to preserving nature that is connected to this eco-friendly project, the park support diverse habitats for wildlife, birds, and plant communities [9].

The brown thin steel rods that are connected to generator at the bot-tom create envergy from wind and rods are oriented on the site where has prevailing wind at the most. At the top of the rod, there is a small circular steel that effectively helps to catch a breeze. As each rod is an-chored in the ground and connect-ed to each rod, it is stable even rods swing like pendulum. Compared to normal wind generator that has a shape of windmill, the appearance of Electric Meadow is fairly simple and safe for a place that has high movement of people.[9]

Technology of Electronic Meadow starts from ag-gregated rods that is shaped of reeds. Those plenty of rods contain DC wiring that is connected into a root into the ground and all rods are connected as a one circuit known as a ‘string’ for standing stable and create elec tricity. Then collected electricity goes to a DC Combiner

box and the box has a min disconnect switch. To gener-ate power to a usable form, the combiner box inverts DC power to AC. The power from Electric Meadow is used for park lighting, kiosks, or can be used to change a bat-tery bank for stored power [9].

a.2 design computation

The way people face with architecture has been changing. In Renaissance period, there was a birth of plans, elevations and sections with proper scale and later, people don’t draw their architectural plans with proper scale by hands. The progress of technology made us to use a computer as a complex tool for ar-chitectural drawings and now, people simply gener-ate their ideas with rough sketches and then covert it into computer programs. It is a huge and important evolution of design and computers make the pro-cess to be easier and create new forms or patterns. Moreover, it is quicker to redraw the plans and as it is accurate, it makes anyone can read and comprehend about constructions that is connected to the commu-nications between architects and clients. Computer programs such as AutoCad, Rhinoceros and Revit digitize existing procedures to draw plans.

Even 3D drawings in exact scale and challenges to variety of forms are possible before the actual build-ing is constructed. Algorithm of design process is essential and inevitable ways to create a design defi-nitely and efficiently. Digitalization ways of approach-ing the final design is unambiguous and simple to follow through inputting codes and certain geometry comes up. It includes form generation from perfor-mative design, morphogenesis, tectonic model and materialization then fabricate. However, there are limitations of the computation. Computer is a tool for architectural drawings so it is necessary to learn how to put correct codes to create a proper design what architects want. It is just a tool just like pencils or fine liners to express architects’ thoughts.

precedent 2

tower of power in taiwan

Tower of Power, by NL Architects in Taiwan is a 300m long high tower that is made of eco-friendly features that generate energy using wind turbine. As it is a tower, it serves potential of providing views of sur-rounding area. So the design of the whole constuction has symmetrical and contains visually opened using curtain walls that provides variety of views that would make this place as a Landmark of Taiwan city. The func-tions are including lobby, parking area, museum, office, conference centre and observatory [10]. The vertical axis wind turbines are used. This turbine has lower cut-in speed and can be placed lower than Horizontal axis wind turbines. VAWT can be positioned in closer than normal wind turbines with three or four wings because, typical wind turbines required to consider of shadow effect. Therefore, it creates more energy efficiency with dense configuration [7].

Tower of Power expressed the ideas of an architect through computerised way. To represent a certain type of patterns, in this case, structural net wrapped design with the features of programmatic elements that is called exo-skeleton.The basic form of the design is emerged from the Tower Effle and Wind turbines which is attached all over the surface. The patterns are aggregation of diamond shape. It could be difficult to design without computer program because, even though it is combination of diamond, the size of the diamonds are identical to fit into the curvy surface. It also reflect the cultural aspects as the design of net pattern is from bamboo weaving or Bamboo scaffolding. Moreover, the flower-like wind turbine what is called ‘the eddy’ associate visually with the net frame of exterior.

precedent 3

dynamic tower

Dynamic Tower, by David Fisher in Dubai, is the world’s first rotating tower in Dubai. It is also eco-friendly tower as it generate ener-gy to operate the construction that is from wind and sun. It is 80 storey building with the functions as an apartment, restaurants, hotels and office [11]. With 79 wind turbines and solar panels on the roof, the building generate and provides energy to the entire building so that the building can rotate. It takes around 90min for one rotation so that tenants or users of the tower would not feel any health issues and it also gives dynamic views. As it is a prefabricated construction, 30% less time is required compare to stan-dard buildings [11]. The design of the tower is relatively simple but the rotating feature make this building special so there is no need to decorate with any other forms

or exterior designs. The building is renowned as ‘The Best Inventions from Times’. It is possible to get recognition and attraction before the building is built. Because the com-puterization enable to explore many sorts of designs and technology and there is not much differences between computer drawings and real build-ings. The development of technol-ogy highly influences this project to calculate energy generation systems to create more accurate and satisfied result.

a.3 composision/generation

When architects have a sufficient understanding of algorithmicconcepts, when we no longer need to discuss the digital as somethingdifferent, then computation can become a true method of design for

architecture. [5]

Algorithm is a finite set of rules or operations that are unambiguous and simple to follow. It is basically evolved due to the evolution of digital tools and computer programs [6]. As computers have technology from mathematical ground, it is possible to create forms that are made from use of mathematics. Parametric design is a good paradigm that emerged from computer design. Apart from the design that is used for classical or modern designs, parametric design has regular or irregular patterns in 3-D models, that is made from mathematical techniques using computer programs such as Rhino/Grasshopper or Revit[4]. The way of create a design is reasonably simple to follow. There is a simple concept of ‘input and output’. Whatever you type on the pro-gram that is called ‘scripting’, Scripting of algorithms is research-based experimental design [4]. As long as it is correct order, the form appears exactly what you put in. One of the well-known design style that is based on algorithmic process is Parametric Design. Parametric design thinking is defined as a new form of the logic of digital design thinking that is recently emerged in last decade. By changing the values of parameters, geometric relationships, a multiplicity of variable instances can be created. It enables the creation and modulation of the differentiation of the elements of a design. We can easily find buildings that adopted parametric design even in Melbourne City, for instance, AAMI Park and RMIT Design Hub.

precedent 4

dongdaemun design plaza

But, the interior design is somehow different atmosphere due to the use of white colour and natural wood for stairs compare to silver steel covered exterior. The curves, one of the main design features for both exterior and interior express characteristics of Zaha Hadid and even with the same feature, the mood of exterior and interior design is different due to different materials. Overall, exterior design of DDP is not good as it doesn’t suit to surrounding as it suppose to, but I think interiror design provides good place for relax and have a procrastination while enjoying arts.

The Dongdaemun Design Plaza (DDP) in South Korea, by Zaha Hadid, is a cultural hub at the centre of Dongdaemun in Seoul, Korea where is renowned place for 24hr shopping and cafes. The functions of DDP is including Exhibition Halls, Convention Halls, Design Museum, Library, Lab and Archives, Children’s Education Centre, Media Centre, Seminar Rooms and Sky Lounge. So the place is welcoming people in all age for cultural vitality of the city [13]. The exterior design is used with computational de-sign. Basic form of the DDP is very curvy and dynamic compared to simple patterns/ cladding of square alu-minium sheets. It might not able without computer program to make this happen. Because, due to the very curvy structure for exterior, every clads must be different to fit into the surface.

But I think this design doesn’t suit into the site. Zaha Hadid, most famous female architect, won the com-petition for DDP and selected design is mainly reflect her characteristics that it can be easily found from other projects of her design firm. The overall form of the construction only contains curves but in contrast, cladded sheets are all squares. Exposed concrete is used for ramps outside and bridge that connects trains station and the DDP. However, it doesn’t suit to the surrounding environments, in the middle of tall buildings with crowded people and cars on the street. Silver metal sheets are cladded with variety patterns covered construction that adds complexity on the area, and the silver metal with green roof isn’t beautiful. The function of the DDP is a cultural place for anyone can visit. But exterior has somewhat cold

precedent 5

urban adopter

precedent 5

urban adopter

Urban Adopter in Hong Kong, by Rocker-Lange Architecture, is a public bench with parametric design which is new style of digital/computational design process[8]. Parametric design is a family of parameters and the design of the formal relations that are con-nected to each other. As it is use of algorithm, it is basi-cally from mathematical and geometric relations that help to create a certain design. It is able for computer program such as Rhinoceros or Grasshopper to make panneling. The design of the Urban Adopter is very curvy bench. But, the basic design is divided into verti-cal elements, like slicing vegetables and connectors are combining those vertical elements together. As the diagram on the left-bottom side shows, parametric design requires media skills of generation of modules based on Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) such as Rhino and later, the

panels are integrated in parametric modular using such as Grasshopper [4]. Emerging a generation of in-tegrated simulation software for energy and structural calculation is the state-of-art technology. Therefore, the design of the bench seems like aggre-gation of wood panels but it creates wavy and smooth forms as a whole. It is unusual as typical benches have solid forms and only serves for seating purpose. The curvy form of the bench creates not only extraordinary beauty but also, comfort for human body. It is inter-esting because it creates uniformity in the regularly placed wood panels but with different shapes that could represent dynamic and unique identity of Hong Kong city.

It is always important to start with foundations to understand whole themes or objects. Therefore, hav-ing a time of four weeks of comprehencing the concept of digitalized design in architecture is unevitable and it is enough time to have this opportunity to step up my design knowledge. It might be hard to fully understand the way how computer interpretates scripting or inputs but, once I try and know how to create variety of forms in Rhinoceroes and Grasshopper, now is a time to explore and create a new design with digitalized techniques. Reading gives a general understanding of the concepts what I have to understand and even suggests how to approach into new design process with computer programs. During the first three weeks, I could study about theories and actually try how to use Grasshopper from videos and all I have to do is just follow instructions from Coarse Reader. Through this experience,

Part A, conceptualization is learning about theories from reading about design future and comput-erization. Most of the study is basically from readings and then searching for precedents that relate to what I’ve learned from studio and lecture. To aim the design process what I will do for Part B and C, it is necessary to fully understand where to start and how to develop the ideas about the project, which is designing for architecture that generate energy. Precedents that I searched associated with mainly wind energy generator and other algorithmic design such as parametric design inspired me to how to engage technology into aesthetic. Investigating Grasshopper is another new way of designing which is hard to understand the computer programming process for me. It is interesting to create 3D design through Rhinoceros as I am not good at drawing. Through grasshopper, it enables to develop my design with variety of approaches so easily through typing algorithms. It is possible to randomly create design, fix and save it. It is the most effective way to combine technology into the life of architects or designers.

a.4 conclusion

a.5 learning outcomes

Voronoi

Voronoi Diagram is one of the algorithms that can be found from nature such as the patterns of giraffes, wings of dragonfly and shall of turtles. I thought Voronoi Diagram is really interesting as I have seen some of the building design that is emerged from Voronoi, for instances, The Beijing National Aquatics Center, also known as the Water Cube in China and Airspace Tokyo in Japan. It is fairly easy to graft Voronoi patterns into any 2D or 3D geometry in Grasshopper and the diagram above shows three dimensional Voronoi diagram. Voronoi pattern seems like irregular polygon forms but it follows mathematical form that is based on Delaunay Triangulation. It starts with seeds/points and finds another new seeds that are mid-points of triangles that is created from original seeds, then the connections of new seeds has polygonal shapes which is Voronoi. It is fairly simple to make using Grasshopper, in comparison to the beauty of the pattern.

The Beijing National Aquatics Center, China, [15]The skeletons of the building frame is generated fromVoronoi Diagram.

Airspace Tokyo, Japan, [14]Composition of 2D layers of Voronoi Diagram.

a.6 algorithmic sketches

[1] Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), pp. 1–16

[2] Schumacher, Patrik (2011). The Autopoiesis of Architecture: A New Framework for Architec-ture (Chichester: Wiley), pp. 1-28

[3] Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer- Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25

[4] Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge), pp. 1–10

[5] Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15

[6] Definition of ‘Algorithm’ in Wilson, Robert A. and Frank C. Keil, eds (1999). The MIT Encyclo-pedia of the Cognitive Sciences (London: MIT Press), pp. 11, 12

[7] Ferry, Robert & Elizabeth Monoian, ‘A Field Guide to Renewable Energy Technologies’’, Land Art Gen erator Initiative, Copenhagen, 2014. pp 1 - 71

[8] http://www.dezeen.com/2010/01/08/urban-adapter-by-rocker-lange-architects/ Bench Urban Adopter by Rocker-Lange Architects

[9] http://landartgenerator.org/LAGI-2012/SQ942454/ Electric Meadow

[10] http://www.bustler.net/index.php/article/nl_architects_taiwan_tower_1_tower_of_power/

[11] http://www.emirates247.com/property/real-estate/world-s-first-rotating-tower-not-to-come-up-in- dubai-2012-02-11-1.442343 Dynamic Tower

[12] http://www.watpac.com.au/project/rmit-design-hub/ [13] http://www.ddp.or.kr/MA010001/getInitPage.do

[14] http://www.arch2o.com/airspace-tokyo-faulders-studio/

[15] http://moremorexless.blogspot.com.au/2012/04/efte.html

references

Part B. Criteria Design

B1. Research Field

Biomimicry

Biomimicry is a word from Greek roots combina-tion of bio, that means life, and mimikos, that means imitation1. Nature has been giving great inspiration to solve problems for century through biological forms, mechanisms, systems and analogies of what the nature use. For examples, Velcro was invented by Swiss Engineer, George de Mestral when he saw burrs that stuck into his dog’s fur2 and the other example is honeycomb structure which gives not only high space ef-ficiency as the layer of honeycombs nest to each other but also, aesthetic and stable patterns. Ad-ditionally, termite mounds uses great technology that control temperature to be stable for most of time regardless to outside weather and it inspires

1 Nina Louise Volstad and Casper Boks, On the use of Biomimicry as a Useful Tool for the Industrial Designer, Wiley Online Library (2011): 2.2 “The Biomimicry Manual: What can the Whale Teach Us About Fans and Filters?”, Tamsin Woolley-Barker, PhD., last modified 09 April 2013, http://forwardintothefuture.com/tag/biomimicry/.

buildings such as Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zim-babwe. My group choose Biomimicry for material technology that control temperature to be stable for most of time regardless to outside weather and it inspires many architecture buildings such as Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe1. My group choose Biomimicry for material system be-cause we think it is good both for aesthetic and solve man-made problems that associates with environments that achieve greater efficiency and improvements2 and suggest solutions for sustain-ability that is important for present environmen-tal issues.

1 “The Biomimicry Manual: What can the Whale Teach Us About Fans and Filters?”, Tamsin Woolley-Barker, PhD., last modified 09 April 2013, http://forwardintothefuture.com/tag/biomimicry/.2 Ritu Vasu Primlani, Biomimicry: On the Frontiers of Design, Vilakshan, XIMB Journal Vol.10 (2) (2013): 1.

Eureka Pavilion, Chelsea Flower

Eureka Pavilion at the Chelsea Flower Show by Barnett Landscape architects is one of the renowned precedents of the design that uses Biomimicry as it is inspired by the structure of a leaf. The shape of the Eureka Pavilion is a cube for the basic shape. But for the patterns is created from veins and cells of leaves1. Design of Eureka Pavilion is adopted by Biomimicry. Voronoi, the pattern which is one of the Biomimicry, is a form of aggregation of polygons that is started from random dots that are connected by lines which creates Delaunay triangulations then Voronoi dia-gram emerges when perpendicular bisectors from Delaunay triangles are connected2. The design of Eureka Pavilion starts with random points for Voronoi diagram on a planar surface. This Voronoi poly-gons are divided to refer vein of leaves then create secondary structure into inside of each polygons are filled/divided with another Voronoi pattern, which is called cassettes, to represent cells of leaves. Finally, this planar surface covers a cube which is basic form of this pavilion. The design itself is quite straightforward of mimick-ing the epidermal cellular structure of leaves. The vein of leave represented through wood spruce panels subtraction

1 “Times Eureka Pavilion / Nex Architecture”. ArchiDaily, last modified 12 June 2011, http://www.archdaily.com/142509/times-eureka-pavilion-nex-architecture/2 “Voronoi Diagram”, Weisstein, Eric W. From MathWorld, last modified 12 December 2001, http://mathworld.wolfram.com/VoronoiDiagram.html.

and smaller wooded cells and circularly rolled plastic panels inside of wood panels refers cells. Plastic cells reflect light so that it maximizes sunlight into the inside of the pavilion. Overall, it is a design that leaves covering a rectangular box. Two entrances seem like of couple of cells so that it doesn’t disturb the whole design. The concept of leaves is very connected to the Chelsea Flower Show and the aggregation of simple geometry of rectangular box and complex pattern of nature, leaves, associated with the concept of Biomimicry and suit to appropriate place. Through this mimicking design of the nature, leaves, it would impact on people’s mind that we cannot survive with-out nature, which relates to the theme of Biomimicry, which generated for environmental sustainability.

B.2 Case Study 1.0

The Morning Line by Aranda Lasch

The Morning Line is an experimental project by Aranda Lasch that makes harmony of music and architecture that is visually expressed like a new kind of instrument. This pavilion has 10m height, 20m length, 20 tons of weight aluminum, 47 channels and 53 tiny speak-ers1. Spatial sound system of the Morning Line appeals people that music is not formal but something that you can enjoy. The design of the Morning Line is an integration of tetrahedrons that forms multiple of irregular arches with Biomimicry pattern. Tetrahedrons from this pavilion has trimmed vertexes and covered with curves that repre-sent music but, tetrahedrons are disappeared so that the curves are spreading based on tetrahedron shape. Aggregation of the basic forms of trimmed tetrahedron and black curves which that looks like repeating drawing circles make the pavilion to have Biomimicry which is shallow Biomimicry that cannot guarantee to resolve envi-ronmentally sustainable solution. The expression of pattern looks like generation of music through curves that is keeping duplicates, trans-forms and synthesize as they grow. The overall design is geometry with asymmetric and crystallographic structure.

1 “The Morning Line, Vienna 2012”, Thyssen-Bornemisza Art Contemporary, last modified in 1 July 2012, http://www.tba21.org/pavilions/103?category=pavilions

GEOMETRY PATTERN+

Iterations

Iterations are good way to test the limit using paramet-ric design process. Parametric design is new term word as people starts to create new architectural patterns and design through computerization. It refers a unique tech-nique put all the inputs in computer programs based on mathematical theories such as, Rhinoceros and AutoCad that automatically records all the steps so that designers in nowadays can just simply copy and paste or slightly change some parts of it that gives another outputs1. Repetition of this ways of producing design gives a change to create and explore similar design to test limitation and pick the best one for a result in short time and convenient method. My group made iterations of The Morning Line, which is our case study, through changing radius, clusters, sides and functions that gives different design outcomes. Even the middle part of the process are changed, the outcomes are automatically changes that gives different final designs. As the basic form of The Morning Line Pavilion is tetrahedron, there is a limit that associates the number of sides.

1 Robert Woodbury, “How Designers Use Parameters”, Elements of Parametric Design, (2010): 154-157

Iterations, Table 1

Iterations, Table 1

Iterations, Table 2

Iterations, Table 2

four Sucessful iterations

10 Sides + Cluster 0.6This iteration has very geometric ap-pearance and lots of sides make the design to look like a circle with pattern that is symmetrical. It reminds me a de-sign of Stained Glass of Gothic Church which is very architectural beauty.

5 Sides + Cluster 0.6It is hard to recognise and definetely unable to exist in real world but that could show the property of digital archi-tecture.

4 Sides + Cluster 0.4This iteration is similar to original de-sign of The Morning Line but with four sides, it looks more stable and com-pletely symmetrical. The overall form is rigid and seems like a pyramid.

7 sides cluster 0.5- Eval 0.8 & Jitter 2Change in Eval and Jitter creates this new irregular shape it is unusual in comparison to other iterations for this pavilion. The aggregation of shape lines with different length makes a shape that looks like sunlight.

B.3 Case Study 2.0

ZA11 Pavilion

ZA11 Pavilion is a project by students in Cluj, Roma-nia in 2011, to provide a shelter that attracts people to come and acknowledge about social events in the city1. Aesthetic feature of the design using hexa-gons which is stable structure when it combines all together like a honeycomb but in dynamic arrange-ment based on funny curvy ring basic form. The hexagonal connectors are joining individual panels, which visually match to the pavilion. Irregular two triangles in diagonal way are making a hole that represents pattern for the pavilion panels. The mate-rial of the ZA11 Pavilion is timber that has a sense of eco-friendly material and suits to this cosy and calm city in Romania. It not only uses Biomimicry system for the pattern and outlook but also, solve a social problem and allure people to come out and city looks more vibrant that alternatively good for urban planning system and market economy.

1 “ZA11 Pavilion / Dimitrie Stefanescu, Patrick Bedarf, Bogdan Hambasan”, by ArchiDaily, last modified 05 Jul 2011, http://www.archdaily.com/147948/za11-pavilion-dimitrie-stefanescu-patrick-bedarf-bogdan-hambasan/

The reason our group chose Za11 Pavilion for our precedent is not only because hexagons, which is Biomimicry1, but also, it is a combination terns and try all different compounds.of Geometry (the overall form of donut ring) and Pattern (hexagon). This integration has a possibility to create vast amount of variations through changing geometry and patterns and try all different compounds.

1 Nina Louise Volstad and Casper Boks, On the use of Bio-mimicry as a Useful Tool for the Industrial Designer, Wiley Online

Library (2011): 8.

Reverse EngineeringSTEP1. Basic Form Generation

STEP2. Apply Hexagon Cells on Surfaces

The basic shape of ZA11 Pavilion starts from three irregular shape of rings. This random curves are lofted to create a curvy surface/ring. Curves are made in Rhinoceros and one dot in the middle of the curves are set as a central point that is used later steps. After this, only grasshopper is used to create ZA11 Pavilion. Each three curve is selected in three curve components and then lofted through connecting curves into Loft component in Grasshopper.

The inner design of ZA11 contains irregular hexagons that is one of the biomimicry pattern, and covers the surface of the pavilion that is made on step 1. Hexagonal pat-terns are set up using Hexagonal cells component. This surface is copied, moved and scaled down by the central point that generate inner surface.

STEP3. Loft Corresponding Lines of Outer and Inner Surfaces

STEP4. Pattern Making

STEP5. Apply the Patterns

The vertex points of inner and outer curvy surfaces are selected and lofted to generate donut shape of pavilion.

The Pattern is starts from square surface that is made by Rhinoceros and set by Grasshopper as one surface. Then the surface are dividing diagonally consequently to make two right-angled triangles. Two points are generated symmetri-cally by the diagonal and then by the points, the scaled down right-angled triangles are generated just like the way inner and outer shell of basic surfaces are formed. Then, trim two smaller triangles to make a hole.

The lofted surfaces from Step 3 is exploded into the lines and points then collected by the index number by List Item components. Then join the lines and points to connect curves that is diagonal lines of the patterns. Using Area component, sym-metrical points from the diagonal lines are created then using Scale components, the inner triangles are made. Finally, Surface Divide component de-lete the inner tiangles from the surface.

Grasshopper

STEP 1

STEP 2 STEP 3

Grasshopper

STEP 4

STEP 5

B.4 Technique Development

LAGI 2014 project in Refshaleøen, copenhagen, Denmakrk

The project aims to create a place providing aesthetic establishment and views that engaging people to landscape design and let them be aware of environ-mental issues1. The one of the main criteria is to build a construction that is carbon neutral using technology that generates energy from nature that could be con-verted into electricity such as solar, wind, geothermal and so on. The site is in Copenhagen, Denmark where is Northern Europe that usually has long daylight in summer, aver-age of 13 hours, and short daylight average of 4 hours, in winter2. As the map shows, the site is surrounded by both industrial buildings and oceans. Oceanic climate brings sudden gusts of wind that will influence of sud-den change of temperature. Therefore, the weather condition is unstable that would bring a lot of wind into the site. Most of the wind is from South West and West during a year. The landscape is low and flat so there is an issue about rising sea level that could affect to the landscape as time goes by. The location of the site is in the middle of industrial area that mean it’s a good opportunity to use it to make a vibrant area.

1 2014 LAGI Design Competition Design Guidelines, Land Art Generator Initiative, last modified 15 January 2014, http://landart-generator.org/designcomp/downloads/LAGI-2014DesignGuidelines.pdf2 Average Daiily Sunshine Hour -Copenhagen, Holiday Weather, http://www.holiday-weather.com/copenhagen/averages/ html.

The construction would be a landmark in Copenha-gen so that visitors are happy not only by the good looking of environment and construction but also, acknowledge about how energy is generated and used for the site that could give an interest to them. As a result, the system that will be used for our de-sign is wind turbines. Wind energy is most suitable because it is near ocean that causes unstable and windy climate so it would be great if we can use that into our design. The advantages of Wind En-ergy is not only eco-friendly that uses free resourc-es that is steady reliable supply but also, uses less space than the average power station. However, wind turbines are not that cheap and create noise pollution. Additionally, other energy system such as solar is not good because the average sunlight exposure of Copenhagen of summer and winter has 9 hours difference.1

1 Average Daiily Sunshine Hour -Copenhagen, Holiday Weather, http://www.holiday-weather.com/copenhagen/averages/ html.

SITE

wind energy

The diagram above shows the annual average wind blow in Copenhagen. Most of the Wind is coming from South-West (easpecially in winter) and West (mainly in summer) direction1. As Copenhagen is surroounded by ocean, there is adequate amount of wind for the whole city and Wind Energy is generally used for Denmark. The direction of wind influence the design because some of the wind turbines requires to be placed within the direction of wind to maximise the outcome.

1 Technical Report 99-13, John Cappelen and Bent Jørgensen, Danish Meteorological Institute from Minister of Transport, vol 296. 25-25.

GENERATOR CONVERTER BATTERY PUBLIC USAGE

HAWT (Horizontal axis wind turbine) off shore:rotating axis of blades is parallel to the wind.floating model is available, Advantages of HAWT is higher efficiency, high power density, low cut-in wind speeds and low cost per unit power output1.tall, rotation to follow the wind direction2. Half of the site is surrounded by the ocean so, floating HAWT could be the option that provide energy to the project construction.

1 Wei Tong, Wind Power Generation and Wind Turbine Design, (Southampton:WIT Press, 2010)2 A Field Guid to Renewable Technologies, Robert Ferry and Elizabeth Monoian, Land Art Generator Initiative

VAWT (Vertical axis wind turbine): turbine rotates with respect to their vertical aces so it accept wind from any direction thus, no yaw control. Maximum height is limited as VAWT must use external wind to initiation1.Benefits are from positioned clos-er than HAWT and lower cut-in can be easily attatched around the area2

1 Wei Tong, Wind Power Generation and Wind Turbine Design, (Southampton:WIT Press, 2010)2 A Field Guid to Renewable Technologies, Robert Ferry and Elizabeth Monoian, Land Art Generator Initiative

High altitude wind power (HAWP) and airborne wind turbines (AWT): use of high altitude wind (which is stronger and consistent than the wind nearer to the ground), series of kites arranged like a ladder, conversion of energy is done at the ground level and cheap1.

1 A Field Guid to Renewable Technologies, Robert Ferry and Elizabeth Monoian, Land Art Generator Initiative

Matrix 1

Matrix 1

Matrix 2

Matrix 2

Matrix 3

Matrix 3

Matrix 1 shows changes in basic form that looks like organisms like beehive, caterpilar and so on. This simple changes are integrated with different patterns has a shape of diamon, skewed quad, triangle and so on. It shows all the possibilities of combine it so that it creates a table with 36 iterations.

Matrix 2 is advanced development with more com-plex pattern that we created through Grasshopper. There-fore, there is a little difference between Matrix 1 and 2

Matrix 3, we try to develop to create crazy shape. So we explore unrealistic patterns on it. Therefore, some of the panels are even connected, just floating. But it is worth to explore many variables that only we can see on Grass-hopper.

Then we picked our four best outcomes.

four Sucessful iterations

Aggregation of cylinderic columns with variety of sizes that looks like a town with skyscrapers in a circle path. It is interesting that aggregation of cylinders can be look artistic

Based on Triangula shape with bars that some-what looks like drawing starts with pen random-ly. Repeating of lines based on donut shape which is the original design of ZA11 Pavillion.

Symmetrical shell with triangular pattern, seems like an arch so it attracts people to walk underneath.

Dynamic shape that is evolved from donut like shape but higher and sharp surfaces with rectangular patterns. This irregular shape of pavilion allure people to lean or climb on it or go into it like a cave.

B.5 Technique Prototype

prototype 1

The integration of fourth pattern with triangular cells from Matrix 2 and wood material. The overall form and pattern for each surface is a developed design of ZA11 Pavilion. The circular connector is designed as well to combine and joint each panel. Due to the con-sideration of adopting wind turbines, the holes are exaggerated from previous design of the precedent. Holes can manipulate wind direction, consequently, maximise the use of wind. The overall shape is curvy that suits to the expression of wind and water that represents the site analysis but, the inner shape that is composition of triangles are rigid.

Just like ZA11 Pavilion, our group is considering attaching small speakers on the panels, matching the colour of the speakers and panels so speakers cannot disturb the design. We think it would be great if we can attract people not only visually but also, by sound.

Wood is selected for the material as wood is envi-ronmental friendly material which could help to the concept of environmental sustainability. But, for the oceanic climate, humidity could be one of the issue and material that absorb water and can be easily damaged by moisture requires special protection on the surface.

prototype 2

Hexagonal cells and panels with rectangular hole like a window. Due to the same reason that wind can be directed that connected on the way to wind turbines and goes through the pavilion, there is a big rectangular hole on each panels. Even each panels are just planars, the randomly positioned along hexagonal cells creates beauty and somewhat wavy basic form, even theare is only straight lines. The material is perspex which is a eco-friendly material and transparent property that provide a view. Connectors are made with wire

prototype 3

This is an aggregation of random cylinders. The ma-terial of model is Balsa Wood but, this is the lighting tubes with wind turbines at the top of each lighting tubes. Wind turbines on top generates electricity and as the turbines are placed higher, the efficiency of generating electricity increases. As wind is coming for whole day, electricity can be made and stored in the battery and at night, lighting tubes are illuminat-ing. High lighting tube highlight the existence of construction especially at night as light attracts for all organisms.

B.6 Technique Proposal

Through renderiing using Rhinoceroes, it is enable to test the materiality. Then, photo montage with site photos using Photoshop, we can see how our outcome will be on the site. Materials are trnasparent material (white) and wood (brown).

render

B.7 Learning Objectives and Outcomes

Part B is a starting point of consideration of the actual project which is LAGI 2014 in Copen-hagen, Denmark based oon the theories that I learnt from Part A and computerizations using mainly Grasshopper and Rhinoceros.

We first chose the material system which are generated from computerization and series of parametric design that we can find easily from current architecture research. It mostly looks like a 3D model with patterns on it. Through background research of the material system, for me, Biomimicry, it is able to understand why, we need to apply the technology and forms and structure into the design and how can we solve man-made issues that are the reason of environ-mental polutions.

Biomimicry in an interesting concept even it is hard to professionally apply into the design. The forms and structure can be easily adopted in comparison to the applying technology from the nature that aims for environmental sustainaility. As the theme of the Studio Air is to be familiar with digital architecture, our group focused on the design concept of the precedents.

For B.2, our precedent is The Morning Line, which is famous and anormal arrangement of not only curves that inspired by music but also mix-ing with speakers that appeals anyone and gives an idea that music is not boring or just listening and it could be approached through visually.

Regardless of this concept, tasks that we have to do is making iteration to show that we test the limits using Grasshopper and change some defi-nitions to create completely different outcomes. It

is interesting because as we can change some numbers, sometimes the outcome is unrealistic to proceed in real world. It is stilll hard to make design through Grasshopper and it takes more time than designing with Rhinoceros for me. But, if I can create a design exactly what I think thorugh Grasshopper, it would be definetely easy to make thousands of iterations to test and pick the best one.

Then we pick the best designs to make pro-totype and with different materials like wood and perspex which are eco-friendly materials. Sometimes, it is different when we compare the thing in our mind and the result that we make. We did lazer cutting to make prototypes and make models and the result was good and looks aesthetic. But there were some problems when we connect each panels through connec-tors and steel wire because it they are not rigid so it was hard to strongly form what we aimed.

Additionally, our group tested digitally through photo montages to test whether the design suits to the site or not. It is convenient way to have a look through rendering with couple of materials to see how it goes.

Overall, I can feel the difference between week 3 and now because now I know how to gener-ate ideas of Parametric designs and test the ideas using computerization.

Part C. Detalied Design

C1. Design concept

site analysis Design concept is to create an area that attracts people to come and have an entertainment with great view. The site is in the middle of industrial area so we need strong attractor that is not only alluring people to come but also, informing about carbon neutral energy generator. The site is in Copenhage, Refshaleøen, surrounded by industrial buildings and ocean. Weather of the site is including lots of wind coming as it is near sea because Denmark is very northern Europe, the sunlight exposes of winter and summer is long which is 4 hours differences. There are not many buildings and roads compared to other side of the Copenhagen and, main roads are from south of the site because there is not much land on the north side of the site as it is surrounded by the ocean. So, most of the people comes from south and east of the site and mainly by cars. So, attractor that appeals people to visit this industrial area and cur-rently, the statue of the Little Mermaid is inspiring people to symbolize this area as a historical context of shipyard.

Additionally, the site is surrounded by ocean and the weather of Copenhagen has lots of wind so we thought wind turbines are the best way for energy generating. Our construction is a pavilion of three layers to protect inner area and people from wind and put a screen on the wall of inner layer. Screen shows some visual interest through presenting short videos or galleries or can be represented as an exhibition.

grasshopper - elk

grasshopper - elk

SITE

Elk is a Grasshopper component that enables to visualize map of not only geographic but also, sur-rounding environments for a specific site. The map that is downloaded from website has vast informa-tion of that site. So, it is available to see only what you want to through writing on the panels such as main roads or industrial buildings and so on. As a result, it is necessary to show coastline as the site is surrounded by water that highly influence to weather of Copenhagen. The residential area is quite far away from the site and industrial areas are near the site. But there are heaps of buildings that

represent Copenhagen’s popularity, even though it is over the water; consequently, there can be many people who will visit the site. But Copenhagen has good traffic condition as it includes railways, plenty of major and minor roads and even ferry route that stop over at the construction site. So, the site re-quires strong attractor to bring people to come over the site which is in the middle of industrial area.

Solar park south

Solar Park South is a project the developed existing bridge with Solar Panels and wind turbines. Solar cells that is coated in clear plastic is on the road and producing 11.2 million kilowatt hours and 26 Wind turbines that are installed under the bridge generate 36 million kilowatt hour of electricity per year [5]. Additionally, the design of big wind tur-bines and woods and grass, which are added on the bridge, will educate people about environment

friendly and think of en ergy generation. It is neces-sary to generate with free environmental resources like sun, wind, water or geothermal energy. But also, to notify people to acknowledge about climate change and act to do not waste energy as we are heavily depend of fossil fuels which is limited.

form generation process

The basic form design is raised from wind load diagram of Copenhagen. Exploring of diagrams of each month is necessary to sort out the best outcome throughout the year not only to protect people from wind but also, to maximize the energy generation of wind turbines. The curves are emerged from circle and some changes are made for some parts, where there is strong wind, the curves are bends inward to enlarge the surface towards wind to put more wind turbines. According to data from ‘Observed Wind Speed’, most of the wind is coming from south-west for overall. But in sum-mer, most of the wind is coming from the west. So the initial curve design is dynamic as it is bended inward for south-west part of the façade. This is to maximize the area that receives wind. Then inner two layers are added for screen display and safety from wind and noise.

WINTER WIND LOAD

ANNUALWIND LOAD

OUTCOME

basic form

Curvy line is added for the up-per line.

Loft to make surfaces

Set layers in Grasshopper.

1.3 Rebuild the diamond sur-faces with the lines obtained in step 1.2.

1.2 Use the Weaverbird Mid-edge subdivision command to create lines of diamond pattern on the surface.

1.1 Mesh the surface with U value of 4 and V value of 80

1. create surface with diamond panels

2. steel frame

2.2 Use pipe component to create the steel frame.

2.1 Offset the lines obtained in step 1.2.

4. panels

1. Diamond shape as a basic pattern

4. Use the area centroid to scale the border

2. Use the area centroid as the centre to scale the boder of the surface

5. Use the centre point of the general shape to scale the scaled border obtained in step n

3. loft the original and the scaled border

6. loft the scaled border in step n and the scaled border in step n.

wind analysis

According to the research of the wind-load, it is able to estimate which part of the façades would receive higher wind than other parts of facades. It is important to divide variety of panels for façade to reflect wind-load and place vibro-piezoelectric wind turbines to gain the efficiency. It also provides an idea of placing five different kinds of panels into appropriate places. To analyses wind-load toward the pavilion, Grass-hopper is used to represent wind-load.

1. Divide the surface into desired number of pieces.2. Extract the normal vector of each pieces of the vector3. Determine the wind vector4. Project the wind vector into the normal vec-tors obtained in step 25. Visualize the pieces of the surface by the de-gree of fitness between the pieces normal vector and the wind vector.

As a result, the red represents higher wind speed to-wards the façade and blue represent lower wind speed towards the façade.

grasshopper definition:wind analysis

grasshopper definition:wind analysis

ATTACHING PANELS INTO THE SURFACE

For the paneling, we decide to combine the theory of Biomimicry which is mimicking techniques or structures from nature. The structure of organisms has been evolving to survive from the nature. For examples, the cells or patterns of the nature seem like repetition of one cell but some parts are duplicating and transforming to fit to the surrounding environ-ments. Our patterns of the design are emerged from diamond shape. It seems like repeating of diamond shape but some parts of the diamond holes are bigger and some parts are smaller than others. It is reflecting the surrounding environment which is wind loads.There are 5 different sorts of panels on the base of diamond shape to gain energy generating efficiency.Blue panel is a basic diamond panel so that we can put where there is not much wind or the area that is

close to users for safety reason.Green panel has smallest hole, yellow panel has sec-ond-smallest hole and orange is the next and red panel has biggest hole. Red panels are placed in the area with highest wind load and we attached more piezoelectric turbines on it to maximize energy generating. And panels with a hole are extruded to access more wind. Therefore, there are many hollow panels for outer layer but there is only blue panels for very inner layer because there is a place for relaxing like a park. So, the inner area is out of noise and wind. The material of façades is timber because it is eco-friendly material and we thought it harmonize with surrounding environments which is grass and ocean.

grasshopper definition

grasshopper definition

vibro-piezoelectric wind turbine

One of the criteria of this project is ‘Using eco-friendly energy generator for carbon neutrality. Vibro-piezoelectric wind turbines are eco-friendly tech-nique to generate energy.Vibro-piezoelectric wind turbines are ideal for this site because it is made with foam blocks which are light and require small spaces [4]. Additionally, the design of the vibro-piezoelectric wind turbines is simple square box that influence people to notify about generator and it is quite funny to watch it. The basic technology of vibro-piezoelectric is raised from moving/kinetic energy that is generated from [2] The blocks are connected to oscillators that comprises with a crystal sandwiched between two metal plates [4]. Kinetic motion from vibration/or sound wave by wind influences the crystal that translates into electri-cal energy which is AC voltage then it will be stored in capacitor or battery.

TURBINE

OSCILLATOR

BATTERY

KINETIC ENERGYINTO

ELECTRIC ENERGY

AC VOLATAGE

ENERGY FLOW

The flow of wind power P (W/m2) past an area (A) normal to the flow velocity (V) is proportional to the density of air (r) as given by Equation below: P = r V3 A/2 [3]With the density of air of 1.2kg/m3, the power den-sity of wind at V = 10m/s is 600W/m2. However, it might be possible to convert 30% of this power into structural vibration energy with a density of P (P/A) = 180W/m2 (V = 10m/s). If one were to scavenge 30% of the structural vibra-tion into electrical energy our figure of merit would be wind density power P = 54W/m2.As frontal area of blunt body = 0.05 x 0.07 = 0.0035 m2, approximately 8553 generatorsTotal wind crossing area is 8553 x 0.0035 = 30 m2P (electricity power) = 54 x 30 = 1620 WW = 1620 x 24 x 365 = 141941200 Wh = 14191.2 kWh AnnuallyEach household average annual electricity usage is 5000 kWh [1], hence generated power will support 14191.2/5000 = 3 households per year

connectors

Connectors are needed to stablize the materials to be more accurate and safe. For the Pavilion, there are a few connectors that are linking:

1. Wood facade + White Steel Frame2. White Steel Frame + Ground3. Among Wood Panels4. Wind Turbine + White Steel Frame5. Among White Steel Frame (Steel Frame Connector)

4. Energy generators 4.1 Create a group of parallel lines in the parallelogram 3.3 by dividing and lining

corresponding points on it. 4.2 Pipe 4.1.

4.3 Find the points that the cantilevers of the energy generators should be locat-ed on by dividing 4.1 by the spacing of each generators.

4.4 Move the points by the vector defined by the points of the centre of 3.3 and the centre of 3.1.

4.5 Line up the two groups of points obtained in 4.4. 4.6 Pipe 4.5.

4.7 Draw a rectangle at the end that is pointing outward of 4.5 and offset it to cre-ate a box.

Integrating wood panels and vibro-piezoelectric wind turbines

For the surrounding design, footpaths are added to direct people to explore the site along the shore and near the pavilion.Playground in inner area provides an entertainment and procrastina-tion with nature both for adults and children. There are some toys that is fixed on the ground for kids to play and benches to have relaxation in the middle of the nature, on the grass with view towards ocean.

For the surrounding design, footpaths are added to direct people to explore the site along the shore and near the pavilion.Playground in inner area provides an entertainment and procrastina-tion with nature both for adults and children. There are some toys that is fixed on the ground for kids to play and benches to have relaxation in the middle of the nature, on the grass with view towards ocean.

C3. final model

v-ray render

render

inside view & Vibro-Piezoelectric wind turbines

detail panels

physical model

Site model, scaled with 1:1000, is made with box-board 1.0mm by laser cutting. Blue transparent sheet represents water and green paper represents as grass. This site model is to prove how the design of pavilion suits into the surrounding site. As the scale is small, the model of pavilion is created by 3D printer- powder without details like holes and patterns of the facades. Even the pavilion is quite tall as 10m for the highest part, it suits into surrounding environments as the site is so huge.

Ivory card 290GSM is used for 1:100 model of pavilion. This paper-like material is ideal to make a model with massive amount of panels. The materials is cut by laser cutting and then folded and glued to create dynamic surfaces of the façade. This model is detail enough to show the light and

peizoelectric wind turbine

- Light foam blocks made with foam boards covered for easy sway by wind- Bolt Plates connect cantilever and piezoelectric panels.

CONNECTORS

- Plywood to represent wood facade- Bolt and Bolt Plates to connect each panel

Metal L-shaped bracket to con-nect white steel frame and wood façade by bolts

Bigger bolts to placing White Steel frames into the ground

C4. additional lagi brief requirements

A written description of your project

The technology used in your design

‘A Mazing Pavilion’ is a maze-like pavilion in the vast area in Copenhagen with eco-friendly energy generators by wind. The site is in Copenhagen and surrounded by industrial building. The design concept of the project is not only alluring people to visit the site but also, inform-ing about energy use through attaching carbon neutral energy generator. The basic form of the facades is emerged from wind-load diagrams of Copenhagen. There layers are made not only to make a maze-like pavilion but also, to make the inner area to be more secure from wind and noise. There layers are divided into one outer layer which is biggest and tallest, two middle and inner layers to make an open-ing. For cladding, diamond panels are chosen because it is aesthetic and stable and simple plane. To gain more efficiency, five different kinds of panels are created with different size of diamonds hole to control wind moving. Then these basic shape and cladding panels are integrat-ed to make a design of ‘A mazing pavilion’. admire aesthetic views.

Vibro-piezoelectric wind turbines are attached into the holes of the façades. Vibro-piezoelectric wind turbine generates energy from kinetic motion of the foam boxes are moving left and right that eventually convert into AC voltage. The benefits of this turbine are not only it uses free resource which is wind and requires not much places but also, it operates for 24 hours that improve efficiency. Turbines are very visual to visitors so people would won-der about moving squares boxes.When Vibro-piezoelectric wind turbines sways, the piezoelectric panels, comprised with a crystal sand-wiched between two metals, transmit that kinetic energy into electric energy. Then the electricity, AC voltage, is connected through wire, goes into the battery to store energy. There are more or less 25 form blocks for one big hollow panel for cladding the outer layer, and the blocks are connected with white steel frame. The wire is placing inside of the hollow inside of white steel frame and con-nected into the battery in the ground.

Playground is in the middle of the inner façade and there could be a sculpture or LED screen or any decora-tions that visually attract people. There are some wood toys that look like and moves like piezoelectric turbines so it allures children to play with and educates how the generator works. As the south-west part of the area is a ferry station, people might relax themselves with view-ing nature and aesthetic pavilion and decorations that could be vary depends on what’s in the inner façade. As the inner area is covered with outer and middle lay-ers, it would prevent some noise and wind and make inner area to be procrastination with visual attractors. Additionally, it is a good chance for ferry users to have relaxation while exploring simple maze-like façade of the pavilion and admire aesthetic views.

Estimate of the annual kWh (kilowatt-hours) generated by your

Dimensions and list of the primary materials used in your design

The energy generated of our design is based on the equation which is:P = r V3 A/2The flow of wind power P (W/m2) past an area (A) normal to the flow velocity (V) is proportional to the density of air (r) With the density of air of 1.2kg/m3, the power density of wind at V = 10m/s is 600W/m2. However, it might be possible to convert 30% of this power into structural vibration energy with a density of P (P/A) = 180W/m2 (V = 10m/s). If one were to scavenge 30% of the structural vibration into electrical energy our figure of merit would be wind density power P = 54W/m2.As frontal area of blunt body = 0.05 x 0.07 = 0.0035 m2, approximately 8553 generatorsTotal wind crossing area is 8553 x 0.0035 = 30 m2P (electricity power) = 54 x 30 = 1620 WW = 1620 x 24 x 365 = 141941200 Wh = 14191.2 kWh

Total area – approx. 3000 square meterHighest point of the model – 10m highLowest point of the model – 3m highDiamond panel size – Largest diamond size 300cm (W) x 260cm (H)-- Smallest diamond size 200cm (W) x 180cm (H) Plywood thickness – 2cmSteel frame diameter – 10cm Bolts diameter [connects the steel frame to the ground] – 1.5cmSteel frame connector diameter – 13cm Plastic mount size –6cm (l) x 3cm (W) Blunt Body size – 5cm (L) x 5cm (W) x 7.5cm (H) [the amount of energy will be generate depends on the size of the generator, according to the diagram, the smaller the size of the generate the more energy will be gener-ated]

AnnuallyEach household average annual electricity usage is 5000 kWh, hence generated power will support 14191.2/5000 = 3 households per year.

Steel grid (to hold up structure) – 10cm (part of the steel frame)Feeler gage & steel bar -- 24cm (L) x 5cm (W) x 0.009cm (T) [2cm will be insert into the e rear face of Blunt Body ]PZT Bender (piezoelectricity bender) -- 18cm (L) x 5cm (W) x 0.55cm (T)DuraAct Patch transducer – 6.1cm (L) x 3.5cm (W) x 0.05cm (T)Bolts diameter [connects the steel bar and PZT bender] – 0.75cm

Environmental impact

The Pavilion carries little environmental impact once it constructed as it doesn’t require any energy to oper-ate and it is carbon neutral construction with aesthetic feature. The site is where not many people visit even though it is vast, because it is surrounded by industrial area. Placing the pavilion that attracts people through playground in inner layer and big and beautiful construc-tion of pavilion itself, will make the area to be vibrant and active. There is a ferry stop at the side of the site, so, ferry route and the pavilion helps each other to bring more people because people who got off from the ferry will be attracted by the pavilion and people who are walking around the shore and pavilion will be attracted by the ferry. Therefore, it implies positive affect to local econo-my. Additionally, it fulfills educational purpose to notify climate change and what we should do for our environ-ment through piezo-electric turbines that have visual allure. Unlike other forms of generator using nature such

as sun or geothermal and so on, piezo-electric turbines need smaller area and cheaper than normal generator. Wind that is blowing for 24 hours near oceanic area makes this turbine to be more efficient.

C5. learning objectives&

outcomes

The learning objective for the Studio Air is to understand about computerization for architectural design and use it to make a better outcome. The program that the subject wants me to play with is Grasshopper. Grasshop-per is hard to understand the concept of the program and adopt it as my skill, but it is good to make some variety of prototypes with changing some numbers of slider or some components to bring up with a better outcomes. It is better than Rhinoceros because it is not that simple to make a change because I had to go back to the stage that I desire or make another one. Addition-ally, the definition of Grasshopper can be shared with friends because, same definition doesn’t mean that the design would be exactly same. Therefore, a lot of time is required for this subject to adventure of unknown area to get the result that I imagine and consequently, more time with group members and friends who are doing this

subject of have an experience of Grasshopper. It raises not only design skills but also, responsibility of group works that we all going to do in the future. Moreover, I felt like I am making a something practical and realistic this time compare to what I did for last year. So, I had to think of more realistic systems of con-nectors to support the design and the way of thinking like this is really necessary to make the design to be real. And I think it is good opportunity to consider and preparing about future of students, who are in third year, which is last grade. Even though it is too hard to operate, it refreshes the way I think towards computa-tional design to understand rather than just concen-trate on how to use the program.

references

[1] “Compare household usage and bills”, Switch On, last modified 04 December 2013, http://www.switchon.vic.gov.au/how-can-i-take-charge-of-my-power-bill/compare-household-usage-and-bills

[2] F.C. Moon , J.M. Kluger, R.G. Rand, “Shape optimization of a blunt body Vibro-wind galloping oscillator”, Journal of Fluids and Structures, 40 (2013) 185-200

[3] “Vibro-Wind Energy Technology for Architectural Applications”, WindTech International, last modified 04 October 2010, http://www.windtech-international.com/articles/vibro-wind-energy-technology-for-architectural-applica-tions

[4] “VIWIP Transport 1”, Urban Gallery, last modified 19 January 2014, http://urban-gallery.net/scib/?page_id=4166 piezo electric diagram

[5] Wind Turbine Bridge Transforms Italian Viaduct Into Public Space, Inhabitat, last modified 02 May 2011, http://inhabitat.com/solar-wind-turbine-bridge-repurposes-viaduct-for-public-space/