SHELTER TO HOUSING EMERGING ISSUES IN THE URBAN CONTEXT 1 SETTLEMENTS: MORE IMPORTANT THAN HOUSING 2 LAND PARCEL MAPPING: A MUST 3 PURCHASE OF LAND: IT IS COMING 4 FINANCING HOUSING: AN UNTAPPED TOOL 5 COMMERCIAL WORLD: A NECESSARY PARTNER 1
Dec 13, 2015
SHELTER TO HOUSINGEMERGING ISSUES
IN THE URBAN CONTEXT
1 SETTLEMENTS: MORE IMPORTANT THAN HOUSING
2 LAND PARCEL MAPPING: A MUST
3 PURCHASE OF LAND: IT IS COMING
4 FINANCING HOUSING: AN UNTAPPED TOOL
5 COMMERCIAL WORLD: A NECESSARY PARTNER
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CRITICAL FACTOR 1
politically involved
economically complicated
governmentally entangled
complex
interrelated
interdependent
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diverse attitudes
conflicts in actions
costly
skill sets required
in depth knowledge required
time required
As we move up the shelter curve, needs and evolutionary context change. Activities and interventions get more:
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CRITICAL FACTOR 2
As intervention activities break out along their developing paths, our management, skill sets, methodologies, funding, and program alignments need to timely shift to meet the new demands.
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ISSUE 1
SETTLEMENTS ARE IMPORTANT• Settlement building is essential to housing development
• Neighborhoods are Settlements
• Neighborhoods are the Recovery Building Blocks
• If the settlement building doesn’t start; housing will not start
• If the settlement fails the housing will untimely fail
• If we make good settlements; housing will develop on its own
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NEIGHBORHOOD ATTRIBUTESIN RECOVERY PROGRAMS
• Must have clear boundary and be reasonably compact.
• Must be an “affinity” group.
• Must have some community involvement
• Must have a grass roots working governance.
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NEIGHBORHOOD MINIMUMRECOVERY INTERVENTION
• A functional land parcel mapping
• Rubble removal and debris clean up
• Base level road repair, drainage, sanitation and water
• Participatory design and development
• Settlement level of effort:
– must be sufficient to meet the minimum service needs of the community in a sustainable manner –
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ISSUE 2LAND PARCEL MAPPING
• Critical to land issue resolution.
• Must be extensively done before rubble removal.
• Needs to fill the gaps in the areas “civil land system.”
• Needs a participatory approach.
• Needs to be monumented so that the whole neighborhood can be pulled into the civil land system by pulling in the monuments.
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ISSUE 3
FINANCING HOUSING• Cannot have permanent housing without financing.
• No one gives permanent houses to people for free.
• Two levels of financing are in play:
– Financing (capital) for the construction.
– Financing (loans) for the homeownership.
• Financing can improve sustainability
• Financing can make home ownership affordable
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THE BENEFITS OF FINANCING
• Support durable ownership interests
• Promotes quality assets
• Promotes ownership commitment
• Makes the package of land-housing-services affordable
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ISSUE 4THE PURCHASE OF LAND
WHY IT IS GOING TO HAPPEN
• Land is a fundamental component of EVERY economy
• No one gives “good” land away free
• The economic aspects of land can not be removed fro development programs
• Unless recovery is built on “good” land, beneficiaries will be back into hazardous, unsustainable, non asset housing situations
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ISSUE 5COMMERCIAL vs. HUMANITARIAN WORLDS
COLLIDING STRATEGIES
• The commercial sector is coming down the shelter curve because it see a need and business opportunity.
• The humanitarian sector is moving up the shelter curve because it needs to expand its services to keep pace with emerging needs of urban disasters.
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THE NEW PARTNERSHIP
• Currently the two worlds are in estrangement, but the future foretells that neither can functionally exist without the other. Why?
• Each has resources that the other will need and which neither can economically or practically build into their own operations.
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TWO DIFFERENT PROFILES
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COMMERCIAL
Good at doing targeted component work
Ability to inventory variety of materials
Quick in-and-out service provider; time is money; change cost money
Good with replication production; less flexibility to change
Narrower focus but more in depth knowledge
Don’t work well in a confused environment
Profit motive; time and budget controlled
Specification driven
HUMANITARIAN
Good at doing general work
Limited inventories
General capacity in many areas
Long term assistance; time and change are a challenge
Broad focus with general knowledge
Good with social services and community mobilization
Work in changing environments
Benefits free; need and support controlled
CONCLUSIONS
• Need to “operate” two settlements in recovery and in a coordinated manner.
• As one settlement scales up (rebuilding) the other correspondingly scales down (transitional settlement).
• The transitional settlement must provide, albeit at a minimum level only, all the services that the original settlement did until the original settlement is rebuilt.
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CONCLUSIONS
Transitional settlements
Settlement recovery
Return processes
Housing reconstruction
ARE ALL COMPONENTS OF THE SAME PLAN
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CONCLUSIONS
• No entity has the management structure, financial resources or scope of skill sets needed to do a competent shelter and settlements recovery interventions in a major urban disaster.
• As we advance along the shelter curve we need to We need to move from a “coordination of sectors” model to a “critical path planning and project manager” model.
• We need to pool funding and resources under an efficient management process.
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